Effect of rice flour incorporation on some physicochemical, color, rheological, bioactive and sensory properties of a new pestil formulation: one factor design approach and optimization.

ABSTRACT

Pestil is a special and a traditional food produced with wheat flour or a starch, water and molasses. In this study, a new pestil formulation was developed using different concentrations of rice flour (0-12%). One factor design (Response surface methodology) approach was used to determine the some physicochemical, rheological, bioactive, color and sensory properties of newly formulated pestil products. Also, an optimization study was performed to reveal the most-liked samples using the sensory analysis results. Dry matter levels ranged between 86.87 and 96.55 g/100g while the protein contents were in the range of 4.18-5.91 g/100g. Maximum and minimum total phenolic and antioxidant activity levels of the samples were observed for the samples coded as R4 and R5 with 1471.93-887.91 mg GAE/kg and 17701.65-12684.09 mg AAE/kg, respectively. The dynamic rheological properties of the pestil samples were significantly affected by the rice flour addition (p < 0.05). The optimization results showed that the best pestil formulation can be produced by incorporating 0.44 g/100g rice flour. In conclusion, the rice flour could be assisted to pestil production in the formulation for better pestil production.