Hemostasis-on-a-chip / incorporating the endothelium in microfluidic models of bleeding.

The human body's response to stop bleeding after a vascular injury involves a complex but finely tuned cascade of interactions between the blood, the blood vessel wall, and the physical flow of the blood. Accordingly, in vitro models that incorporate those aspects that occur in vivo are highly needed for research and clinical purposes. Here, we review the state of the art of these technologies, hemostasis-on-a-chip devices that aim to achieve those goals. These physiologically relevant "microchips" mimic the bleeding process as well as the cessation thereof, and can be leveraged as research-enabling tools, platforms for drug discovery, and clinical testing.