Adverse events and clinical outcomes in patients treated with PD-(L)1 blockade for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

ABSTRACT

Aims: To describe, in patients with advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, the relationship between baseline immunosuppressive drug (ISD)/corticosteroid (CS) use, as well as the incidence of mild/moderate adverse events (AEs), and the clinical effectiveness of PD (L)-1 blockade. Patients & methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with no evidence (n = 131) or positive evidence (n = 269) of ISD/CS use. Results: Duration of treatment, time to next treatment, progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly reduced for patients with evidence of prior ISD/CS use. Occurrence of mild/moderate AEs did not affect any clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Prior ISD/CS use was associated with a poorer prognosis in advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with PD-(L)1 inhibitors, but the occurrence of AEs had no effect.

What is the article about? Patients with advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) are often treated with a class of drugs known as checkpoint inhibitors. There have been previous reports that treatment with corticosteroids and other drugs that suppress the immune system in the period leading up to treatment with checkpoint inhibitors may result in poorer outcomes, but most of these reports focus on serious adverse events leading to hospitalizations or emergency room visits that result from treatment. This study aimed to determine whether treatment with corticosteroids in these patients had any impact on the occurrence of mild or moderate adverse events and long-term treatment outcomes. What were the results? By looking back at deidentified medical insurance claims from patients with aNSCLC, we found that patients who were treated with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs (vs those who did not receive these drugs) in the months leading up to treatment with checkpoint inhibitors had poorer treatment outcomes (e.g., shorter overall survival). What do the results of the study mean? This study investigated the real-world outcomes in aNSCLC patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors and found that the use of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs may have an adverse effect. However, we are unable to rule out the possibility that there was an underlying difference between these two sets of patients that caused the difference in treatment outcomes. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.