An immunogenic cell death-related classification predicts response to immunotherapy and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells is characterized by the induction of adaptive and innate immune responses, which in turn activates the immune surveillance and improves the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of ICD on the prognosis and the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS: TNBC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Breast Cancer (TCGA-BRCA) dataset were divided into two subtypes (ICD-high and ICD-low) based on the ICD status by using the consensus clustering method, and their genomic landscape and immune landscape were delineated. Furthermore, we established an ICD-related prognostic model to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy and the survival of TNBC. RESULTS: Our study showed that a poor prognosis of TNBC was associated with ICD-high subtype, while a favorable outcome was associated with ICD-low subtype. The immune landscape profiling results revealed that ICD-high subtype presented an immune-hot phenotype, whereas ICD-low subtype was associated with an immune-cold phenotype. Furthermore, our prognostic model predicted that the high-risk score group had a poor overall survival (OS), which was consistent with the actual data in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. We also used tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) to determine the predictive significance of our ICD risk signature in immunotherapy efficacy, and found that ICD high-risk group had the highest response rate to immunotherapy in the immunotherapy response group. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal a correlation between ICD status and alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment in patients with TNBC. This finding might help guide clinicians in immunotherapy application for TNBC patients.