Complex considerations - Fever and pancytopenia after solid organ transplantation.

ABSTRACT

This case describes a 42-year-old man who underwent kidney transplantation and developed fevers, pancytopenia, and elevated liver function tests starting on post-operative day 9. An extensive microbiologic and molecular workup was performed, ultimately leading to a diagnosis of donor-derived toxoplasmosis with associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the recipient. This case highlights the potential for post-transplant toxoplasmosis in high-risk mismatch (D+/R-) recipients, as well as the role of Toxoplasma-targeted prophylaxis in such patients.