Opportunities for Global Health Diplomacy in Transnational Robotic Telesurgery.

Globally, barriers to the widespread adoption of robotic surgery have worsened existing inequities in surgical care between low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). This article advocates for the creation of sustainable robotic surgery programs in LMICs by drawing from ethical and philosophical theories, including preference utilitarianism, procedural justice, structural violence, and human rights. On this basis, robotic telesurgery is proposed as a form of global health diplomacy (GHD) between LMICs and HICs, and particular emphasis is placed on considerations in robotic surgery GHD program negotiations between LMICs and HICs and on political and ethical questions related to the transnational use of artificial intelligence.