EGFR suppression contributes to growth inhibitory activity of G-quadruplex ligands in non-small cell lung cancers.

ABSTRACT

Non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) commonly harbor activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Drugs targeting the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR have shown effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells with EGFR mutations. However, the development of additional mutations in cancer cells often leads to the persistence of the disease, necessitating alternative strategies to overcome this challenge. We explored the efficacy of stabilizing the G-quadruplex structure formed in the promoter region of EGFR as a means to suppress its expression and impede the growth of cancer cells with EGFR mutations. We revealed that the carbazole derivative BMVC-8C3O effectively suppressed EGFR expression and demonstrated significant growth inhibition in EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells, both in cell culture and mouse xenograft models. Importantly, the observed repression of EGFR expression and growth inhibition were not exclusive to carbazole derivatives, as several other G-quadruplex ligands exhibited similar effects. The growth-inhibitory activity of BMVC-8C3O is attributed, at least in part, to the repression of EGFR, although it is possible that additional cellular targets are also affected. Remarkably, the growth-inhibitory effect was observed even in osimertinib-resistant cells, indicating that BMVC-8C3O holds promise for treating drug-resistant NSCLC. Our findings present a promising and innovative approach for inhibiting the growth of NSCLC cells with EGFR mutations by effectively suppressing EGFR expression. The demonstrated efficacy of G-quadruplex ligands in this study highlights their potential as candidates for further development in NSCLC therapy.