Extensive Phenotypic Variability in Syndrome Dysmorphic Facies, Renal Agenesis, Ambiguous Genitalia, Microcephaly, Polydactyly, and Lissencephaly (DREAM-PL): A Case Report Highlighting Diagnostic and Management Challenges.

ABSTRACT

The dysmorphic facies, renal agenesis, ambiguous genitalia, microcephaly, polydactyly, and lissencephaly (DREAM-PL) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dysmorphic facies, renal agenesis, ambiguous genitalia in males, microcephaly, polydactyly, and lissencephaly. The CTU2 gene, which encodes a protein involved in the post-transcriptional modification of tRNAs is the source of the syndrome's mutation. Several developmental abnormalities can result from a disruption of this modification, which is necessary for the proper translation of genes. The severity of the symptoms of DREAM-PL syndrome can range from moderate to severe, and its clinical characteristics are quite diverse. Some patients might have some of the distinguishing characteristics, whereas others might have all of them. The most typical characteristics include ambiguous genitalia, dysmorphic facies, and microcephaly. DREAM-PL syndrome is diagnosed based on clinical signs and genetic testing which can show mutations in the CTU2 gene. Although there is no known cure for this syndrome, the treatment aims to manage the symptoms. Other lines of treatment like surgical correction of birth defects can sometimes be beneficial to these patients in addition to supportive care. This study is a report of a 37-week-old male neonate, delivered by lower segment cesarean section. The baby's birth weight is 2.760 kg with a heterozygous confirmed pathogenic mutation of the CTU2 gene confirmed by whole-exome sequencing.