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Comparative investigation of neoadjuvant immunotherapy versus adjuvant immunotherapy in perioperative patients with cancer: a global-scale, cross-sectional, and large-sample informatics study.
Guo, Song-Bin; Hu, Le-Sheng; Huang, Wei-Juan; Zhou, Zhen-Zhong; Luo, Hui-Yan; Tian, Xiao-Peng.
Afiliação
  • Guo SB; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.
  • Hu LS; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou.
  • Huang WJ; Department of Plastic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou.
  • Zhou ZZ; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou.
  • Luo HY; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.
  • Tian XP; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou.
Int J Surg ; 110(8): 4660-4671, 2024 Aug 01.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38652128
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapies for cancer have evolved through a series of remarkable and critical research advances; however, addressing their similarities and differences is imperative in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to examine their similarities and differences from the perspective of informatics analysis.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed extensive relevant studies published between 2014 and 2023 using stringent search criteria, excluding nonpeer-reviewed and non-English documents. The main outcome variables are publication volume, citation volume, connection strength, occurrence frequency, relevance percentage, and development percentage. Furthermore, an integrated comparative analysis was conducted using unsupervised hierarchical clustering, spatiotemporal analysis, regression statistics, and Walktrap algorithm analysis.

RESULTS:

This analysis included 1373 relevant studies. Advancements in neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapies have been promising over the last decade, with an annual growth rate of 25.18 vs. 6.52% and global collaboration (International Co-authorships) of 19.93 vs. 19.84%. Respectively, five dominant research clusters were identified through unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on machine learning, among which Cluster 4 (Balance of neoadjuvant immunotherapy efficacy and safety) and Cluster 2 (Adjuvant immunotherapy clinical trials) [Average Publication Year (APY) 2021.70±0.70 vs. 2017.54±4.59] are emerging research populations. Burst and regression curve analyses uncovered domain pivotal research signatures, including microsatellite instability (R 2 =0.7500, P =0.0025) and biomarkers (R 2 =0.6505, P =0.0086) in neoadjuvant scenarios, and the tumor microenvironment (R 2 =0.5571, P =0.0209) in adjuvant scenarios. The Walktrap algorithm further revealed that 'neoadjuvant immunotherapy, nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immune checkpoint inhibitors, melanoma' and 'adjuvant immunotherapy, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, dendritic cells' (Relevance Percentage 100 vs. 100%, Development Percentage 37.5 vs. 17.1%) are extremely relevant to this field but remain underdeveloped, highlighting the need for further investigation.

CONCLUSION:

This study identified pivotal research signatures and provided substantial predictions for neoadjuvant and adjuvant cancer immunotherapies. In addition, comprehensive quantitative comparisons revealed a notable shift in focus within this field, with neoadjuvant immunotherapy taking precedence over adjuvant immunotherapy after 2020; such a qualitative finding facilitate proper decision-making for subsequent research and mitigate the wastage of healthcare resources.
Assuntos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Terapia Neoadjuvante / Imunoterapia / Neoplasias Limite: Humans Idioma: En Revista: Int J Surg Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Terapia Neoadjuvante / Imunoterapia / Neoplasias Limite: Humans Idioma: En Revista: Int J Surg Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article