Troponin T1 in tumorigenesis and immune modulation: Insights into multiple cancers and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.

ABSTRACT

Troponin T1 (TNNT1) plays a crucial role in muscle contraction but its role in cancer, particularly in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), is not well-understood. This study explores the expression, clinical significance and biological functions of TNNT1 in various cancers, with an emphasis on its involvement in KIRC. We analysed TNNT1 expression in cancers using databases like TCGA and GTEx, assessing its prognostic value, mutation patterns, methylation status and functional implications. The study also examined TNNT1's effect on the tumour microenvironment and drug sensitivity in KIRC, complemented by in vitro TNNT1 knockdown experiments in KIRC cells. TNNT1 is overexpressed in several cancers and linked to adverse outcomes, showing frequent upregulation mutations and abnormal methylation. Functionally, TNNT1 connects to muscle and cancer pathways, affects immune infiltration and drug responses, and its overexpression in KIRC is associated with advanced disease and reduced survival. Knocking down TNNT1 curbed KIRC cell growth. TNNT1's aberrant expression plays a significant role in tumorigenesis and immune modulation, highlighting its value as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in KIRC and other cancers. Further studies are essential to understand TNNT1's oncogenic mechanisms in KIRC.