[Two new cases of X-linked intellectual developmental disorder-105 linked to a previously unreported pathogenic variant in the USP27X gene]. / Dos nuevos casos de discapacidad intelectual ligada al cromosoma X tipo 105 por variante patógena en el gen USP27X no descrita previamente.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: X-linked intellectual developmental disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. The ubiquitin specific peptidase 27 X-linked gene (USP27X) has been associated with X-linked intellectual developmental disorder, and only 17 affected males have been described in the literature to date. CASE REPORT A 6-year-old boy was assessed due to intellectual developmental disability, language delay, behavioural disorder, microcephaly and particular features. His mother had learning difficulties and a facial phenotypic overlap. A maternal uncle had an intellectual developmental disorder. Physical examination revealed an unusual phenotype (triangular facies, long palpebral fissures and eyelashes, medially eyebrow loss, prominent auricles), mild brachydactylia and hypoplasia in the distal phalanges. The clinical exome identified the probably pathogenic variant NM_001145073.3 c.692delT in the USP27X gene. The results of the family segregation analysis were positive the mother and maternal uncle were harbourers, while healthy maternal aunt was not. CONCLUSIONS: We present two new cases of X-linked intellectual developmental disorder due to a previously unreported variant in the USP27X gene. Both patients presented neurological symptoms without any significant involvement at other levels, according to the literature. One of the cases presented microcephaly, particular features and digital anomalies, which broadens the phenotypic spectrum of this disease.

RESUMEN

TITLE Dos nuevos casos de discapacidad intelectual ligada al cromosoma X tipo 105 por variante patógena en el gen USP27X no descrita previamente.Introducción. La discapacidad intelectual ligada al cromosoma X es un trastorno clínica y genéticamente heterogéneo. El gen de la proteasa 27 específica de la ubiquitina ligada al cromosoma X (USP27X) se ha asociado a discapacidad intelectual ligada al cromosoma X, y en la actualidad sólo se ha descrito a 17 varones afectos en la bibliografía. Caso clínico. Niño de 6 años valorado por discapacidad intelectual, retraso del lenguaje, trastorno de la conducta, microcefalia y rasgos particulares. Madre con dificultades de aprendizaje y fenotipo facial solapante. Un tío materno con discapacidad intelectual aislada. En la exploración física destaca un fenotipo peculiar (facies triangular, fisuras palpebrales y pestañas largas, cejas menos pobladas medialmente, pabellones auriculares prominentes), leve braquidactilia e hipoplasia de falanges distales. El exoma clínico identificó la variante probablemente patógena NM_001145073.3 c.692delT en el gen USP27X. El estudio de segregación familiar fue positivo madre y tío materno portadores, tía materna sana no portadora. Conclusiones. Describimos dos nuevos casos con discapacidad intelectual ligada al cromosoma X por variante no descrita previamente en el gen USP27X. Ambos pacientes presentan clínica neurológica sin afectación significativa a otros niveles de acuerdo con la bibliografía. Uno de los casos asocia microcefalia, rasgos particulares y anomalías digitales, lo que permite ampliar el espectro fenotípico de esta enfermedad.