RESUMEN
Recent studies implicate a role for WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide-interacting 1 (WIPI1) in the biogenesis of melanosomes, cell type-specific lysosome-related organelles. In this study, we determined that WIPI1, an ATG18 homologue that is shown to localize to both autophagosomes and early endosomes, inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) signaling, leading to increased transcription of melanogenic enzymes and the formation of mature melanosomes. WIPI1 suppressed the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) activity, resulting in glycogen synthase kinase 3ß inhibition, ß-Catenin stabilization, and increased transcription of microphthalmia transcription factor and its target genes. WIPI1-depleted cells accumulated stage I melanosomes but lacked stage III-IV melanosomes. Inhibition of TORC1 by rapamycin treatment resulted in the accumulation of stage IV melanosomes but not autophagosomes, whereas starvation resulted in the formation of autophagosomes but not melanin accumulation. Taken together, our studies define a distinct role for WIPI1 and TORC1 signaling in controlling the transcription of melanogenic enzymes and melanosome maturation, a process that is distinct from starvation-induced autophagy.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Melanosomas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas Relacionadas con la Autofagia , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inmunoprecipitación de Cromatina , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3/genética , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3/metabolismo , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta , Humanos , Melanosomas/ultraestructura , Proteínas de la Membrana , Factor de Transcripción Asociado a Microftalmía/genética , Factor de Transcripción Asociado a Microftalmía/metabolismo , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Microscopía Fluorescente , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Unión Proteica , Interferencia de ARN , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Sirolimus/farmacología , Factores de Transcripción/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factores de Transcripción/genética , beta Catenina/genética , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Heavy metal toxicity due to industrial wastewater has been a threat to the environment for the past many decades, especially in developing countries. Electroplating Industry wastewater containing heavy metals can become a serious environmental pollutant if not treated appropriately. Present study investigated the removal of nickel and chromium ions from electroplating wastewater using calcined hen eggshells because of it high removal capability, little cost and easy approachability. Characterization of the adsorbent such as proximate analysis, surface charge, X-ray diffraction, and surface area was done prior to adsorption process. Batch adsorption experiment was performed to study the effect of different parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature, and pH for adsorbent. Removal percentage of both heavy metals was checked by using calcined eggshell as adsorbent. Comparison was made between nickel and chromium to identify the most effective removal efficacy. It was concluded that utilization of natural waste was found suitable, easier, cost operative and environmental approachable for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: To use ecofriendly approach for the treatment of industrial wastewater. To used calcined eggshell as adsorbents for removing metal concentration from industrial wastewater. To find the metal removal potential of calcined eggshell under various environmental conditions like dosage, contact time, temperature, and pH. To checking the efficacy of calcined eggshell.