[PPD screening in school children with and without BCG vaccination]. / Bcg'li ve BCG'siz ilkokul çagi çocuklarinda PPD taramalari.

In this work PPD screening has been carried out in BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated school children of various socioeconomical conditions in Sivas. The Immunity and infection ratios in vaccinated children according to being vaccinated one, two, three, four, five and more then five years ago were as follows; 37.7% and 8.4%, 29.4% and 7.3%, 28.5% and 6.0%, 32.3% and 4.2%, 26.0% and 10.9%, 27.3% and 5.5% respectively. There wasn't any significant difference from statistical point of view among these groups (P greater than 0.05). The ratio of tuberculosis++ infection was 26.5% in the unvaccinated group where as in the vaccinated group it was only 6.6%. When the ratios of these groups were compared from the statistical point of view the difference was found to be significant (P less than 0.05).

A single preoperative dose of cefazolin versus postoperative amoxicillin and gentamycin combination in prophylaxis of orthopaedic and traumatologic surgery.

The use of antibiotic prophylaxis was evaluated in 228 surgical patients. The patients were given either cefazolin preoperatively or amoxicillin + gentamycin postoperatively in a randomized fashion to determine whether cefazolin would demonstrate an advantage over amoxicillin + gentamycin with respect to protection against postoperative wound infection, systemic infection and cost. We also tried to find out if the inflation of a tourniquet would interfere in the incidence of wound infection. Major postoperative wound infections were reduced in the cefazolin treated group (2.56 per cent versus 4.50 per cent). There also was a reduction in minor postoperative wound infections in the cefazolin group when it was compared with the amoxicillin + gentamycin group (6.83 per cent, 13.51 per cent, respectively). No systemic infection was seen in either group. There was no difference between the patients on whom were used tourniquets or not. Analysis of patients' charges suggested that 68.75% of the cost of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis might be saved by limiting the duration of prophylactic drug administration by cefazolin.

Effect of ketamine on contractile performance of isolated frog myocardium and comparison of ketamine, thiopental and droperidol.

The influence of ketamine on the inotropic and chronotropic responsiveness of heart muscle was examined in spontaneously beating frog ventricular preparations. Ketamine produced a slight positive inotropic effect in isolated strips from the ventricle of the frog at 10(-5) M concentration. It does, however, possess negative inotropic properties at the higher doses studied (> or = 10(-4) M). Ketamine also decreased the heart rate of the ventricle at doses greater than 10(-4) M. Prior muscarinic blockade with atropine (10(-6) M) and histaminergic- H2 blockade with cimetidine (10(-5) M), did not affect the negative inotropic action of ketamine. Thiopental and droperidol also depressed the contractile performance of the frog myocardium. pD2 values of ketamine, thiopental and droperidol were found to be 3.44 +/- 0.63, 3.36 +/- 0.74, 4.18 +/- 0.45 respectively. These results suggest that the negative inotropic effects of ketamine is evident only at high concentrations and appears to be non specific.

Changes in human plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity after ketamine and halothane anesthesia.

The intravenous administration of ketamine hydrochloride to fifteen patients undergoing surgery produced no change in circulating plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), although it produced a significant increase both in systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP during anesthesia. Halothane anesthesia that depress BP also produced no change in plasma DBH activity.