CT findings of patients with small bowel obstruction due to bezoar: a descriptive study.

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to present the computed tomography (CT) findings of bezoars that cause obstruction in the small bowel and to emphasize that some CT findings can be considered specific to some bezoar types. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The records of 39 patients who underwent preoperative abdominal CT and subsequent operation with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction due to bezoars were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS. In total, 56 bezoars were surgically removed from 39 patients. Bezoars were most commonly located in the jejunum (n = 26/56, 46.4%). Sixteen (41.0%) patients had multiple bezoar locations in the gastrointestinal tract. Common CT findings in all patients were a mottled gas pattern and a focal ovoid or round intraluminal mass with regular margins and a heterogeneous internal structure. Furthermore, some CT findings were determined to be specific to bezoars caused by persimmons. CONCLUSIONS. Preoperative CT is valuable in patients admitted with signs of intestinal obstruction in geographic regions with a high bezoar prevalence. We believe that the correct diagnosis of bezoars and the identification of their number and location provide a great advantage for all physicians and surgeons. In addition, some types of bezoars have unique CT findings, and we believe that these findings may help to establish a diagnosis.

A new prognostic marker in patients undergoing Hartmann's procedure for acute tumoral obstruction of the left colon.

BACKGROUND: In acute obstructive left-sided colorectal cancers (AOLCRC), damage to the colon wall may occur as a result of distension of the colon segments proximal to the tumor. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the ratio of dilated colon diameter (CD) to lumbar vertebral corpus diameter on preoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan in patients undergoing Hartmann's Procedure (HP) and post-operative complications. METHODS: The tumor group consisted of 49 patients who underwent HP for AOLCRC under emergency conditions. The control group consisted of 49 age-and gender-matched individuals (compatible with tumor group) that had an abdominal CT due to pathologies outside the gastrointestinal tract and without a history of abdominal surgery. In both group, the ratios of the CD to the diameter of the first lumbar vertebra corpus (L1-VD) measured on axial CT images of each patient. These ratios were compared between groups. In the tumor group, the relationship between post-operative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification-major (grade ≥III), minor (grade

Histopathological examination of the impact of sodium hypochlorite on the hepatobiliary system. An experimental study.

BACKGROUND: The liver is the most common organ for settlement of hydatic cyst disease. All acknowledged protoscolicidals that are used for echinococcus degeneration have a risk of caustic secondary sclerosing cholangitis. The sodium hypochlorite is an effective protoscolicidal agent for treatment of hydatid liver cysts in vitro. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the safe usability of sodium hypochlorite for the treatment of hydatid cyst in the hepatobiliary system in an experimental rat model. METHODS: This experimental study designed as one side blinded animal study. Study was carried out between October 2017 and August 2018. Rats were randomly allocated to the study (n=7), control (n=7), and sham (n=7) groups. A duodenotomy was performed, and a catheter was inserted through the ampulla. The tip of the catheter was placed to instill 0.15 ml sodium hypochlorite (0,25%) solution, and 0.15 ml isotonic saline solution were into the common bile duct in the study and control groups, respectively. After three months, all rats were sacrificed. Livers, biliary tracts, pancreas, and duodenum were investigated for histopathological changes by blinded two pathologists. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between groups for periductal portal inflammation (p=0.077), parenchymal inflammation, and focal necrosis (p=0.119). There was not any histopathological change in 71.4 % of the subjects in control and experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Sodium hypochlorite (0,25%) did not cause any unfavorable changes in the hepatobiliary system, and this reminds that sodium hypochlorite can be a safe alternative in percutaneous drainage, laparoscopic, and open surgery in the treatment of hydatid cyst. KEY WORDS: Hepatobiliary system, Hydatid disease, Sodium hypochlorite, Treatment.

Renal cytokine and histopathologic changes following acutely increased intra-abdominal pressure: an animal study.

BACKGROUND: The reason for acute renal failure (ARF) in abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is thought to be due to the increase in renal venous pressure. In this study, the changes in plasma and renal tissue cytokine levels and histopathologic changes in renal tubular and glomerular cells were evaluated and compared in a model of acute elevation in abdominal tension with different pressures. METHODS: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: Sham-operated rats and rats in Groups 1 and 2, in which 20 and 30 mmHg of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was applied for 60 minutes, respectively. Left kidneys of the animals and intracardiac blood samples were taken at the end of the procedures. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were investigated in plasma and renal tissue samples. Renal tissues were also evaluated for histopathologic changes. RESULTS: Renal tissue and plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were found to be significantly increased when the sham-operated group was compared to the study groups (p<0.05). Renal tissue changes showed that the total histopathologic scores were significantly increased in study groups compared to the sham-operated group (p<0.05); tubular changes were more prominent than glomerular changes. CONCLUSION: Abdominal tension linearly can cause renal tubular histopathologic changes. Cytokines may play a role in ARF due to ACS.

Assessment of prophylactic antibiotic usage habits of the general surgeons in Turkey.

INTRODUCTION: One of the most important aspects of inappropriate antibiotic use among general surgeons in Turkey is the use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SP). In order to shed light on the current situation, we conducted a survey of general surgeons in our country. Our aim was to evaluate the approach taken by our general surgeons in prescribing SP, while providing data pertinent to the effectiveness of the 'Rational Drug Use' (AIK) national action plan. METHODOLOGY: A questionnaire on the subject of personal SP usage and compliance with guidelines was distributed amongst general surgeons between 2018-2019. The questions related to individual approaches taken by surgeons when treating patients with either clean or clean-contaminated wounds. Results of the questionnaires were collated and compliance with ASHP guidelines was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 317 completed questionnaires were evaluated. According to the questionnaire results, the rate of total compliance with ASHP guidelines was 26.8%. The compliance rate for preoperative SP was 69.7% in the clean wound group and 54.6% in the clean-contaminated wound group. Although 96.5% of the participants reported correct timing for the first dose of SP, this number dropped to 79.5% apropos the adminstration of further doses of prophylaxis. The percentage of surgeons prescribing continued antibiotics at discharge for clean and clean-contaminated cases was 22.7% and 38.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that inappropriate use of SP is widespread in our country, and that antibiotics continue to be prescribed at discharge.

Evaluation of Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Discharge Prescriptions in the General Surgery Department.

Introduction Although there are international guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SP), the use of inappropriate SP is still a common problem. Most studies investigated SP applications in clean and clean-contaminated cases. However, antibiotics in the discharge prescriptions of these cases have not been adequately investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the antibiotics in SP applications and discharged prescriptions together and to find out the causes of inappropriate use. Materials and methods We retrospectively evaluated the data of patients admitted to our general surgery wards between 2014 and 2015. Patients with clean or clean-contaminated wound category operations were included. The patients were evaluated in terms of convenience of SP (choice of antibiotics, compliance with an indication for SP, timing of the first dose, SP>24 hours, and discharge prescription). In addition, to interpret the results, a questionnaire has been performed for the surgeons in the same clinics. Results A total of 1205 patients with clean and clean-contaminated wound class operation were enrolled in this study. The total accuracy rate of SP was 7.1%. SP application with the correct indication and timing of the first dose was compatible with guidelines: 55.6% and 81.9%, respectively. SP was applied >24 hours at 60.2% and antibiotic prescribing carried out after discharge at 80.6% of patients. According to questionnaire results, the use of SP over 24 hours and the prescription of antibiotics during discharge were: drain usage, hyperthermia, leukocytosis, surgeons feeling of comfort, avoidance of patients, and their relatives' reactions. Conclusion The total accuracy rate of SP rate was low in the present study and in surgeons prescribing the SP after discharge. In light of the present study, we suggest that discharge prescriptions should also be reviewed in clinics who have a high inappropriate surgical antibiotic prophylaxis rate.

Correction: Evaluation of Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Discharge Prescriptions in the General Surgery Department.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4793.].

Intussusception Can Be the First Sign of Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease.

Intussusception is usually seen in the pediatric age group and rarely seen in adults. It results in the progression of the proximal segment of the intestine into the distal intestine. A 50-year-old immunosuppressive male patient presented with the complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and no gas or stool discharge for 2 days. He was hospitalized with the presumptive diagnosis of acute abdomen. He has a history of renal transplantation due to chronic renal insufficiency. An explorative laparotomy was performed. The operative findings were compatible with jejunojejunal intussusception, and a segmental small bowel resection and end-to-end anastomosis were performed. The patient was uncomplicated postoperatively and discharged on the fifth postoperative day. The pathology was reported as Epstein-Barr virus negative with diffuse large-cell B lymphoma. In this case report, we aim to report on a jejunojejunal intussusception that was presented as the first sign of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease.

A new antibiotic stewardship program approach is effective on inappropriate surgical prophylaxis and discharge prescription.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a new antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SP) and antibiotics in discharge prescriptions used as a continuation of SP. METHODOLOGY: The study included elective patients with clean and clean-contaminated wounds. The accuracy of the assigned SP was evaluated according to international guidelines. Primary outcome measures comprised appropriateness of prophylactic antibiotic indication, correct timing of initial dose, discontinuation of SP within 24 hours, and antibiotic prescription at discharge. A secondary outcome measure was to determine whether the effect of ASP was sustained long-term. RESULTS: The total compliance rate for all stages of SP increased from 8% to 52.1% after the intervention (p < 0.05). When analyzed according to individual SP components, it was found that although ASP did not change first dose timing rates, it did affect the rates of prophylactic antibiotic indication, discontinuation of SP within 24 hours and antibiotic prescription at discharge, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). In addition, ASP continued to increase its effectiveness throughout the 3rd year. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of our study, it seems clear that the modified ASP introduced in our general surgery clinic can be used effectively and simply; in addition, this ASP increases its efficacy with time.

First step toward a better trauma management: Initial results of the Northern Izmir Trauma Registry System for children.

BACKGROUND: Trauma is an important health problem in children, and improvement in national trauma care is only possible through the knowledge gathered from trauma registry systems. This information is not available in our country, because there is no current trauma registry system at the hospitals. Our aim is to explain the trauma registry system we have developed and present the first year's data. METHODS: The planned trauma registry system was integrated into the emergency department registry system of 14 hospitals in Izmir province. The data of pediatric multiple trauma patients have been recorded automatically through the registry system. Demographics, vital signs, mechanism, type of trauma, anatomical region, ISS, PTS, GCS, length of hospital stay and need for blood transfusion/endotracheal intubation/surgery/hospitalization were evaluated by patient transfer status and outcome. RESULTS: At the end of one year, a total of 356 pediatric major trauma patients were included in the study. The most common type of trauma was blunt trauma (91.9%) and the mechanism was vehicle-related traffic accidents (28.1%). In the group with the worse outcome than the Glasgow outcome score, age was greater, ISS was higher and PTS was lower. Motorcycle accidents, sports injuries, and penetrating injuries were more frequent in this group. All the scales were significantly different between direct and transferred patients. The referral time to the hospital of the transferred patients were longer than directly admitted patients, but the results were not different. CONCLUSION: Pediatric major trauma is an important cause of mortality and morbidity, and our trauma registry system, which is a successful example abroad, is not enough in the country. We hope that the trauma registry system we planned and started the pilot application will be expanded to include other hospitals throughout the country with the aim of developing a national registry system.

Robotic-Assisted Transthoracic Esophageal Diverticulectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Esophageal diverticulum is a rare entity with symptoms that include dysphagia, halitosis, chest pain, and regurgitation. Indications for surgery include the presence of any of these symptoms and a diverticulum larger than 3 cm because of the increased risk of malignancy and aspiration. Treatment is open or minimally invasive surgery performed from the transhiatal or transthoracic approach. CASE DESCRIPTION: Three patients were investigated by esophagogastroduodenoscopy, esophageal manometry, and computed tomography and were given the diagnosis of epiphrenic diverticulum of the esophagus. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME: The patients underwent robot-assisted surgery by a transthoracic approach for esophageal diverticulectomy. The mean operative time was 211 min, with no significant blood loss or intraoperative complications. DISCUSSION: This report of robot-assisted surgery for esophageal diverticulectomy from a transthoracic approach adds to the literature regarding surgical treatment of epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum. It is a feasible method that can be used in selected patients with esophageal diverticulum.

Stepwise rising CO2 insufflation as an ischemic preconditioning method.

BACKGROUND: The pneumoperitoneum (Pp) is associated with ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and oxidative stress. Various ischemic-preconditioning (IP) methods were used to reduce ischemic injury in intra-abdominal organs. In this experimental, randomized, controlled trial with a blind assessment of the outcome, we evaluated the effects of a new IP method, stepwise rising CO(2) insufflation, on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine response. METHODS: Twenty-one rats were divided into three groups. Rats in the control group were subjected to general anesthesia for only 60 minutes. The stepwise group was subjected to 5 mm Hg for 10 minutes, 10 mm Hg for 10 minutes, and 15 mm Hg of CO(2) insufflation for 60 minutes without deflation. In the Pp15 group, the pressure of CO(2) insufflation was fixed at 15 mm Hg for 60 minutes without deflation. Liver and blood samples were examined to determine malondialdehyde (MDA), the antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) levels. Histopathologic scores of liver tissue were examined in all groups. RESULTS: The highest plasma and liver MDA, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 values were in the Pp15 group, followed by the stepwise and control groups. However, plasma and liver SOD levels determined in the control group were significantly higher, compared to stepwise and Pp15 groups. The lowest plasma and liver levels of SOD were in the Pp15 group, followed by the stepwise and control groups. Significantly higher histopathologic scores were found in the Pp15 group, followed by the stepwise and control groups, as well as MDA and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-6) levels. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the stepwise rising CO(2) insufflation method may be an alternative IP method that may lead to a reduction in I/R injury.

Comparison of Ligasure, SurgRx, and suture techniques in intra-abdominal adhesions that occur after liver resection in rats: an experimental study.

Mechanical trauma, thermal injury, tissue ischemia during the operation, postoperative infections, and foreign body reactions are important factors for adhesion formation. Bleeding and bile leakage after liver resections can also cause intra-abdominal adhesions. We aimed to evaluate the intra-abdominal adhesions after liver resection in rats using Ligasure and SurgRx. Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. Three random groups were formed. Two liver lobes were resected from the middle using sutures in group A, Ligasure in group B, and SurgRx in group C. Relaparotomy was performed at postoperative day 7 to evaluate intra-abdominal adhesion formation. Adhesion formation was significantly lower in the SurgRx group compared with the suture and Ligasure groups. SurgRx and Ligasure provide effective hemostasis in liver resection without leaving foreign bodies such as clips and knots behind. SurgRx was superior to suture and Ligasure techniques in terms of adhesion formation in our model.

Laparoscopic enucleation of mesenteric cyst: a case report.

Intra-abdominal lesions, such as mesenteric cysts, are uncommon disorders. Most are discovered incidentally during routine abdominal examinations. They generally do not show typical clinical findings. Laparoscopic surgery has been used to remove a wide variety of mesenteric cysts. We report a patient with a mesenteric cyst, who was treated by laparoscopic enucleation.

Preemptive analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled study.

In pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, subhepatic administration of bupivacaine immediately after the creation of pneumoperitoneum has been shown to be more effective than administration before the withdrawal of the trocars. We aimed to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine administration to the subhepatic area before the creation of the pneumoperitoneum. Eighty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were included in a prospective, randomized study. Patients received 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine in the subhepatic area just after intubation, before pneumoperitoneum (group 1), immediately after the creation of the pneumoperitoneum (group 2), just before the removal of the trocars (group 3), or received no local anesthetic (group 4). The degree of the postoperative pain was assessed at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the surgery. The consumption of analgesics (diclofenac sodium) was also recorded. The pain scores and analgesic consumption did not differ among groups 1, 3, and 4. The pain scores of group 2 were lower at each time point compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). Postoperative analgesic consumption in group 2 was reduced compared to the other groups (23.4 +/- 35.9 mg vs. 80.0 +/- 66.3 mg, P = 0.005 [group 1], 69.6 +/- 62.2 mg, P = 0.026 [group 3], and 70.0 +/- 59.9 mg, P = 0.022 [group 4]). The subhepatic infiltration of 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine offers good postoperative analgesia when applied just after the creation of the pneumoperitoneum, not before the pneumoperitoneum or after the termination of the pneumoperitoneum.

The correlation between renal tissue oxidative stress parameters and TNF-alpha levels in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response of the renal tissue at different ischemia times in I/R mice. METHODS: Twenty-four male Swiss dormice were subjected to 30, 45 or 60 minutes of ischemia and then 60 minutes of reperfusion (Group 1 I 30/R60, Group 2, .I45/R60, and Group 3, I 60/R60 respectively). As markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls and protein sulfhydryls (SH), tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of the renal tissue and also renal tissue pro-inflammatory marker TNF-alpha levels were assessed. RESULTS: The levels of TBARS and protein carbonyl rised in I30/R60 group (p=0.01). In I45/R60 group, levels of TBARS, protein carbonyls and TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher while SOD and CAT activities (p=0.01), and the levels of SH were significantly decreased (p=0.05). These findings were more relevant for I60/R60 group. Higher TNF-alpha levels correlated positively with higher levels of TBARS, and protein carbonyls and negatively with SOD, CAT and renal tissue SH (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In mice, oxidative stress after 45 minutes ischemia and 60 min reperfusion could induce pro-inflammatory cascade mediated through TNF-alpha.

Visceral organ resection during femoral hernia surgery is a predictor of morbidity.

Reports on the outcomes of emergency and elective femoral hernia surgery are scarce. Most studies do not distinguish femoral hernia from other types of groin hernia; studies of femoral hernia alone are few in number. The main objective of the present study was to identify factors affecting morbidity of femoral hernia patients. We retrospectively analyzed data on 80 patients who underwent femoral hernia surgery between June 2009 and June 2013. Patients who did and did not experience morbidity were compared in terms of age, sex, hernia location, the presence of any comorbid disease, the type of anesthesia employed, the operative technique used, the type of surgical intervention, and performance of small bowel resection. Forty-three patients (53.8%) underwent emergency surgery because of incarceration. Of these, 18 (41.9%) experienced strangulation and underwent resection. Postoperative complications developed in 11 patients (13.8%). Upon multiple logistic regression analysis, visceral organ resection (of the small bowel and/or omentum) was the only independent predictor of significant morbidity (P < 0.05; odds ratio [OR]: 14.010, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-196.143). When diagnosed, femoral hernias should be electively repaired as soon as possible. The cumulative probability of strangulation rises over time. A requirement for bowel resection seems to significantly increase morbidity.

Retroperitoneal paraganglioma presenting with pancytopenia: A rare case with rare manifestation.

INTRODUCTION: Paragangliomas are tumors that arise from extraadrenal chromaffin cells and most of them are asymptomatic presenting with painless mass. Retroperitoneal paragangliomas are mostly benign with good prognosis; however, they can present with abdominal pain, palpable mass, or hypertensive episodes. Surgical resection is still the main treatment and necessary for histological assessment. CASE REPORT: A 41 year old female patient presented with 6 months of loss of appetite, weight loss, weakness and breathlessness on exertion.. The patient's initial blood examination showed marked anemia, reduced leukocyte count with neutropenia and lymphopenia and a marked reduction in the platelet count. The patient was admitted for evaluation of her pancytopenia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 8×7×8cm sized mass closed to the pancreatic tail invading splenic hilum. A large mass was identified retroperitoneally, closed to the tail of pancreas with a splenic hilum invasion. Total mass resection and splenectomy was performed. DISCUSSION: Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for extra-adrenal paragangliomas as well as for recurrent or metastatic neoplasms. Reactive thrombocytosis is a common cause of thrombocytosis. Splenectomy was found to be one of the main causes of extreme reactive thrombocytosis. Reactive thrombocytosis is a predictable finding after splenectomy and management of the thrombocytosis and prevention of complications should be initiated.

Changes in tissue-oxidative stress markers in an experimental model of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is associated with prolonged warm ischemia, which could potentially increase oxidative stress in the graft. Because pneumoperitoneum (Pp) used to facilitate LDN impairs renal perfusion, it could augment the effects of warm ischemia. Our experimental, randomized, controlled study with blind outcome assessment is the first to address this possibility. METHODS: Wistar-Albino rats were randomized to 4 groups. Controls were subjected to a sham operation; the remainder were subjected to Pp with or without warm ischemia of differing durations. The kidneys were removed at the end of each experiment. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and sulfhydryl groups and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were measured in renal samples as markers of oxidative stress. Renal samples were also evaluated histopathologically using light microscopy. RESULTS: Pp promoted oxidative stress in renal tissues, with an increase of MDA and protein carbonyls and a decrease in protein sulfhydryls and SOD activity. Warm ischemia exerted an additive effect on Pp-associated oxidative stress only when sustained for 10 minutes. These changes occurred in the absence of light-microscopic evidence of overt tissue damage. CONCLUSION: In an experimental model resembling LDN, Pp and 10 minutes of warm ischemia emerged as additive factors with respect to causing increased oxidative stress in the kidney. Because these effects imply subtle injury not only in the harvested kidneys of live donors but also in the kidneys the donors retain, avoiding Pp and warm ischemia above 5 minutes during LDN appears advisable.

Which is more effective in the prevention of renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative injury in the early period in mice: interleukin (IL)-10 or anti-IL-12?

OBJECTIVES: Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and some inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We compared the effects of IL-10 and anti IL-12 antibody (Ab) on TNF-alpha production and oxidative stress markers. We also searched for which one, anti IL-12 or IL-10, is superior in the prevention of I-R induced oxidative stress. DESIGN AND METHODS: The animals were divided into four groups: control (n = 5), I-R (n = 5), I-R + IL-10 (n = 5), I-R + anti IL-12 Ab (n = 5). Mice were subjected to renal ischemia by clamping the left pedicle for 45 min, and were then reperfused for 1 h. RESULTS: Under conditions of IL-12 blockade and IL-10 treatment, I-R-induced tissue TNF-alpha levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). IL-10 treatment decreased I-R-induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl content levels (P < 0.05). After IL-10 treatment, decrease in tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were prevented. Renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were observed to be decreased after I-R. IL-10 treatment increased both SOD and CAT activities over control values (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data indicated that IL-10 treatment may be more effective than anti-IL-12 treatment in the prevention of renal I-R-induced oxidative injury in the early period.