A Systematic Review of Publications Using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) to Monitor Education in Medical Colleges in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate publications using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) and its domains, genders, and educational level (EL) to monitor the education environment in medical colleges (MCs), applied medical science colleges (AMSCs), and dental colleges (DCs) in Saudi Arabia (SA). MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Wiley Library, and Web of Science database keywords and medical, applied medical science, dental colleges headings, followed by a summary and analysis of results. We included all related studies that used DREEM as a tool and were published up to 2022. The following information was extracted from the included studies: researcher's name(s), publication year, overall DREEM, domain, gender, and educational levels. RESULTS Among the 40 studies included in this review, 25 papers were conducted in medical colleges, 5 in applied medical science, and 10 in dental colleges. Overall, DREEM scores among all involved colleges were "more positive than negative," with scores between 101 and 150. In relation to the 5 domains of DREEM, the percentages of medical colleges ranged from 75% to 88% for all domains, whereas it was higher in dental (80% to 90%) in most domains, but considerably lower for applied medical science (50% to 75%). Females had higher DREEM values in dental than medical and applied medical science colleges, whereas educational levels were higher in applied medical science colleges. CONCLUSIONS Overall, DREEM scores were more positive than negative and moved in the correct direction among all involved colleges, with varying degrees of significance between genders and educational levels.

Effect of Miswak Derivatives on Color Changes and Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufactured (CAD/CAM) Dental Ceramic Materials.

BACKGROUND Miswak is a form of chewing stick used to clean teeth in different parts of the world, including Saudi Arabia. We present a description of the effects of miswak derivatives, namely toothpaste, mouthwash, and brushing sticks, on the mean color changes (DE00), compressive fracture resistance values, and fracture modes of polymer-based computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufactured (CAM) prosthetic materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty-one rectangular-shaped samples were prepared from lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity), and monochromatic tooth-colored feldspar (Vitablocs Mark II) CAD/CAM ceramics. The color parameters were recorded using spectrophotometer before and after exposing the specimens to the different miswak oral hygiene derivatives for 15 days. Compressive fracture resistance values and fracture types were also assessed, and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS Vita Suprinity and Vitablocs Mark II miswak sticks had the highest ΔE00 values. Moreover, miswak mouthwash had the lowest ΔE00 values, with significant differences among groups. IPS e.max CAD miswak sticks had the highest mean values of compressive fracture. Vitablocs Mark II had the lowest values for mouthwash and toothpaste. Significant differences were found within the IPS e.max CAD group. Reparable fractures were found in IPS e.max CAD, while semi-reparable fractures were seen in other groups. CONCLUSIONS Most ΔE00 values were within the acceptable clinical range, with IPS e.max CAD showing superior color stability. The mouthwash group showed minimal ΔE00. IPS e.max CAD had the highest mean compressive fracture resistance values with reparable fracture types.

Dental Anxiety and Fear among Patients in Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study.

AIM: The current study aims to address the patient's dental anxiety (DA) And dental fear (DF) under the treatment of a general practitioner (GP) among different parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 500 patients recruited from different clinics in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through a questionnaire-based form consisting of three parts; the first part was personal and demographic questions whereas the second and third parts were a modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) and a dental fear survey (DFS) to measure DA and DF among patients. Spearman's correlation was used to measure the relation between DA and DF as well as Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses for analyzing the effect of each variable on DA and DF. RESULTS: All patients fulfilled their eligibility criteria. A high percentage was found in moderate anxiety (36.8%) as well as in moderate fear (46.2%) among different anxiety and fear scales. The association between DA and DF was positively significant (p <0.01). There was a significant effect of gender, age, education, khat use, marital status, monthly income, and type of clinic on patients' DA and DF. CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive relation between MDAS and DFS, thus the DA affects the DF. Female patients had a lower DA and DF than male patients. Furthermore, the government clinics had the highest DA and DF prevalence levels for patients. Moreover, the high school-graduated patients seem to have a high DA and DF vs other patient educational levels. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: It would be beneficial to include an educational training program about psychological patient management in the study curriculum as well as to be offered as a special course to newly graduated dentists. This modification will aid to improve the GPs to get rid of DA and DF patients. How to cite this article: AlDhelai TA, Al-Ahmari MM, Adawi HA, et al. Dental Anxiety and Fear among Patients in Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021;22(5):549-556.

Socket-shield Technique: A Systematic (Scoping) Review of Case Series and Case Reports.

AIM: The present study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the socket-shield technique (SST) and immediate implant placement (IIP) as the treatment of choice for the stabilization of soft and hard tissues at the extraction site and correlate with patient-related and implant-related factors. METHODOLOGY: An electronic search was performed on Cochrane, EBSCO host, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Wiley Library, Google website search, and Web of Science databases from January 2010 to September 2021. The search terms used were "socket-shield technique," "modified SST," "root membrane technique," "pontic shield technique," and "immediate implant." Case report and case series, both retrospective and prospective in nature, where SST procedures were done with IIP after tooth extraction were considered for the study. However, clinical trials on animals and studies with less than 3-month follow-up after implant placement were not considered for the study. The studies were collected, analyzed, and tabulated for further analysis to evaluate the aim and objectives of the study. RESULTS: Preliminary search identified through databases resulted in 350 articles, which on further screening led to exclusion of 299 articles based on the selection criteria. Therefore, 51 articles were considered for the final analysis which comprised 11 case studies and 40 case reports. With a wide age-group, the maxillary anterior region was the site of choice for the SST with IIP when compared to the posterior region. Better adaptability, maintenance of ridge contour, and good success rate followed by limited complications were observed among case series and reports. CONCLUSION: SST was successful in providing stability, esthetics, with lesser marginal bone loss and higher pink esthetic scores. However, well-designed prospective case series are few in number; thereby insufficient data on its reliability and longtime stability limit its application. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: SST provides a promising result and better esthetic outcome with minimal requirement of soft tissue grafts, thereby increasing its popularity and its application. However, further studies with a larger sample size and effective clinical research designs with a follow-up period are a requirement to establish the procedure and its reliability.

Comparisons Between Preclinical and Clinical Dental Students' Perceptions of the Educational Climate at the College of Dentistry, Jazan University.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the preclinical and clinical undergraduate dental students' perceptions of their educational climate (EC). In addition it will be compared with other local and international studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Students enrolled in their third and fourth years (preclinical phase) and students in their fifth and sixth years (clinical phase) of the Bachelor of Dental Science at the University of Jazan, Saudi Arabia, were invited to complete a WhatsApp media survey, which included demographics and the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). This scale measured students' overall perceptions of the EC in five domains: learning, teaching, academic self-perception, atmosphere, and social self-perception. Data were analyzed with Student's t-tests and ANOVA to compare between and within groups. RESULTS: A total of 272 participants, 140 (51.5%) preclinical and 132 (48.5%) clinical students,took part in the study. Students were generally positive about their learning climate, with overall DREEM scores of 125.19 and 126.21 (preclinical) to 124.10 (clinical) out of a possible score of 200 phases. Student's perceptions of teaching (26.18±3.24/72.72%) and atmosphere (28.08±5.29/63.82%) were the highest and lowest scores, respectively, and both scores were positive. CONCLUSION: No differences between the preclinical and clinical phases of the curriculum point to the structure of learning, teaching, academic, social self-perception in health professional degrees. Further research should investigate the weak points in the social and atmospheric climate.

Prevalence and morphological variations of maxillary sinus septa in different age groups: a CBCT analysis.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data from Saudi Arabia on the prevalence and characteristics of maxillary sinus septa. OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of septa in the maxillary sinus and their relationship to gender and age using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). DESIGN: Cross-sectional SETTING: CBCT images acquired from the maxillofacial radiology department in a dental school. PATIENT AND METHODS: CBCT scans of 1010 maxillary sinuses from 505 patients were analyzed to determine the prevalence, location, type, and orientation of maxillary sinus septa. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and t tests were used to analyze the data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence, location, type, and orientation of maxillary sinus septa. SAMPLE SIZE: 1010 sinuses from 505 patients. RESULT: Approximately 46% of the studied patients had maxillary septa, which were present in 370 (37%) sinuses. About 64% of the septa were present on the right side and 85.7% of all septa were mediolater-ally oriented. The mean height of the septa was 6.06 mm (0.84) in the right sinuses and 5.70 mm (0.93) in the left sinuses. Multiple septa were found in 101 patients (20%). Among males, 58.5% had septa compared to 34% of females (P<.001.) A significant positive association was found between age and the presence and number of septa, P<.001. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary sinus septa were highly prevalent with various heights and directions among the studied sample. Careful assessment of different anatomic variation must be conducted prior to any maxillary sinus augmentation, particularly in older patients. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional evaluation of CBCT images from one dental school patient population; thus, the findings cannot be generalized to other populations. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

Comparison of Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Derived Alveolar Bone Density Between Subjects with and without Aggressive Periodontitis.

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the changes in bone density of patients affected by aggressive periodontitis could be useful in early disease detection and proper treatment planning. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare alveolar bone density in patients affected with aggressive periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis. Twenty periodontally healthy patients attending the dental clinics for implant placement or extraction of impacted third molars served as controls. Alveolar bone density was measured using CBCT scanning. Comparisons between aggressive periodontitis group and controls for age and alveolar bone density of the anterior and posterior regions were performed using an independent sample t-test. Multivariable linear regression models were also performed. RESULTS: The differences between groups in regard to age, anterior and posterior alveolar bone density was not statistically significant (p<0.05). In the posterior region, the multivariable regression model showed that bone density was not associated with age, gender or the study groups. Whereas, in the anterior region, patient's age was found to be significantly associated with bone density, p=0.014. CONCLUSION: Alveolar bone density as measured by CBCT in aggressive periodontitis patients was not different from periodontally healthy individuals. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.