In vitro anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and in silico studies of Ferruginan A isolated from Olea ferruginea Royle (Oleaceae).

Objective: Traditionally, Olea ferruginea Royle (Oleaceae) has been used as a painkiller and antidiabetic in various ailments. To provide a scientific background to this folklore the current study was designed to anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of one of the isolated compound from this plant. Methods: Ferruginan A was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Olea ferruginea bark. This isolated molecule was subjected to in-vitro anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects using HRBCs and glucose uptake tests. The compound was also tested for molecular docking and ADMET study. Results: Regarding the anti-inflammatory effect, the tested compound demonstrated a 69.82 % inhibition at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, while the Ferruginan A (100 µl/mL) increased the uptake of glucose (3.79-71.86 %) in the yeast cell. Similarly, the zone of inhibition values of Ferruginan A (24.98 mm) against Escherichia coli were found to be comparable to standard (Imipenem: 31.09 mm). The mechanism of antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects was explored by using docking simulations performed on four molecular targets related to diabetes and inflammation. The results showed that the isolated compound may act as an antidiabetic agent by inhibiting the 5' Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). While it also showed inhibition of anti-inflammatory targets COX-1, COX-2, and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The ADMET prediction study revealed that isolated compound possesses favorable ADMET profile. Conclusion: It was concluded that Ferruginan A might be a significant anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic molecule.

Bioactive molecules from terrestrial and seafood resources in hypertension treatment: focus on molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies.

Hypertension (HTN), a complex cardiovascular disease (CVD), significantly impacts global health, prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants, herbs, and seafood. Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies. Recent advances in science have made it possible to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure (BP)-regulating effects of these natural substances better. Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and peptides are examples of bioactive compounds that have demonstrated promise in influencing several pathways involved in regulating vascular tone, reducing oxidative stress (OS), reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. The article explains the vasodilatory, diuretic, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) modifying properties of vital plants such as garlic and olive leaf. Phytochemicals from plants are the primary in traditional drug development as models for novel antihypertensive drugs, providing diverse strategies to combat HTN due to their biological actions. The review also discusses the functions of calcium channel blockers originating from natural sources, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and nitric oxide (NO) donors. Including seafood components in this study demonstrates the increased interest in using bioactive chemicals originating from marine sources to treat HTN. Omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and minerals obtained from seafood sources have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antioxidant properties that improve vascular health and control BP. Overall, we discussed the multiple functions of bioactive molecules and seafood components in the treatment of HTN.

In vitro anticancer and antibacterial potentials of selected medicinal plants and isolation and characterization of a natural compound from Withania coagulans.

In the current study, five different plants, Syzygium Cumini, Fagonia cretica, Acacia modesta, Withania coagulans, and Olea europaea aqueous extracts were prepared and applied against the anticancer and antibacterial activities. It was observed that O. Europaea extract shows the highest anticancer activity with cell viability of 21.5%. All the five plants extract was also used against the inhibition of Bacillus subtilis where O. Europaea extract shows a promising inhibitory activity of 3.2 cm followed by W. coagulans. Furthermore, W. coagulans was subjected to the process of column chromatography as a result a withanolide was isolated. The fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and high resolution fast atom bombardment (HRFAB-MS) [M + 1] indicated molecular weight at m/z 453 and molecular formula C28H37O5. The UV-Vis. spectrum shows absorbance at 210 nm suggesting the presence of conjugated system, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was recorded to explore the functional groups. Similarly, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy techniques such as 1H, 13C NMR, correlation spectroscopy (COSY-45°), heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) and Nuclear Overhauser effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) techniques was carried out to determine the unknown natural product. The collective data of all these techniques established the structure of the unknown compound and recognized as a withanolide.

Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Docking Studies of Potential Dinaphthodiospyrols from Diospyros lotus Linn Roots.

The main aims of this investigation were the isolation of dimeric naphthoquinones, a new class of dinaphthodiospyrols (1-7), from chloroform fractions and screening them for antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant potential. The susceptibility of the isolated compounds, namely, dinaphthodiospyrol A (1), dinaphthodiospyrol B (2), dinaphthodiospyrol C (3), dinaphthodiospyrol D (4), dinaphthodiospyrol E (5), dinaphthodiospyrol F (6), and dinaphthodiospyrol G (7) was assessed for antibacterial potential using well diffusion methods. The isolated compounds showed excellent antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains, including Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus epidermis, and Bacillus subtilis, and Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia with the zones of inhibition 6 to 26 nm. The standard drug Imipenem showed a maximum inhibitory zone 30 to 35 nm. Similarly, the isolated compounds were screened for antifungal properties, which showed an excellent reduction in the growth of selected fungal strain including Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, Trichyton logifusus, Microsporum canis , and Candida glabrata. Among all the screened compounds, 7 exhibited good activity (30-49 mm), followed by compounds 5 and 6, (35-46 mm), while compounds 1-4 showed a moderate effect (8-28 mm) against the selected fungal strain against miconazole which showed potent effects (101-110.98 mm). The isolated compounds were also screened for 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity. In vitro-based free radical was employed using ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant. The tested compounds (1-7) exhibited significant antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The dinaphthodiospyrol 7 exhibited 97.32% scavenging activity, followed by dinaphthodiospyrol 6, 92.01%, and compounds 5 and 4 with 89.90 and 88.43% scavenging activity at 100 µg/mL, respectively; ascorbic acid showed 96.45% scavenging effect. Furthermore, docking analysis was performed to know the exact binding mode of the tetra-substituted derivatives of dinaphthodiospyrols to the selected target proteins. From the docking analysis, it was found that the docking results are well correlated with the experimental observations. In conclusion, the dinaphthodiospyrols exhibited excellent antibacterial, antifungal, and free radical scavenging potential.