RESUMEN
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that is associated with mortality in the final stage. The advancement of antiretroviral therapy (ART) improved the life expectancy of patients with HIV. However, the long age of such patients is associated with different comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases. Also, HIV therapy increased the concern about cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review aims to assess the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with HIV by reviewing the previous studies conducted on this subject. Research gate, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases were explored starting from 2012 till 2022. The keywords used for the searching process included "HIV, MI, AMI, Association, Correlation, and Risk." The inclusion criteria were original articles conducted on HIV patients and reported MI, written in English language, and available in full text. A total of 1,570 articles were obtained, but only seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were published between 2012 and 2019 and involved a total number of 496,600 participants; there were 266,274 who had HIV infection, with a sample size ranging from 1,147 to 252,150. The incidence of MI is higher among HIV compared to the general population. The risk factors associated with MI among HIV patients, as found in our analysis, included male gender, viral load of HIV, low CD4 count, higher CD8 count, and types of ART.
RESUMEN
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common mental illness that can significantly impair the patients' quality of life. Recent studies have shown that patients with this condition usually suffer from inflammatory or rheumatological comorbidities. However, the association between OCD's etiology and inflammation is still controversial. This review aims to explore the correlation between OCD and rheumatological as well as inflammatory disorders based on studies conducted in the last decade. A total of eight articles that were deemed eligible were included in the final assessment, involving 31,204 OCD patients from various countries. The most significant inflammatory biomarkers examined were tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and cytokines. We concluded that the pathophysiology and etiology of OCD are strongly correlated with inflammatory biomarkers. This finding warrants future studies on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents to treat OCD, particularly in the early stages of the disease.
RESUMEN
Although alcohol and/or substance use disorders have been significantly associated with depression, data on the treatment outcomes of depression in this patient population are still scarce, especially among the higher risk of resistance to treatment. This study examines the management outcomes of depression in patients with alcohol and substance dependence during the last decade by searching the medical literature. The literature was searched through Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and Ovid database from 2010 to 2020. Searching terms included were a combination of ''treatment'' AND ''Depression'' AND ''alcohol'' OR "substance abuse". A total of 617 articles were retrieved. After this, original articles investigating depression treatment outcomes in patients with alcohol or substance use disorders or both were selected. Following the exclusion of review studies and including only original research studies, 23 articles appeared. We selected eight articles as eligible, covering a total of 132,373 patients with depression and either alcohol dependence or substance use disorder. Anti-depressants (mainly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) combined with psychotherapy and alcohol or substance abuse treatment represent the best treatment modality for depression in this clinical setting. In conclusion, patients with alcohol or substance dependence usually suffer from treatment-resistant depression. However, the treatment of depressive symptoms would help in substance or alcohol abstinence and reduce recurrent substance abuse.
RESUMEN
CHARGE syndrome with chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CDH7) gene mutation is a genetic disease with an autosomal dominant gene. This syndrome involves a combination of six congenital anomalies (heart anomalies, coloboma of the eye, retardation of the growth or development, atresia of the choana, ear anomalies, and genital anomalies). Here, we present a case of a 15-month-old male child who was born to a 23-year-old healthy mother with no history of any exposure to teratogenic materials or drugs. The patient was delivered by cesarean section because of the failure of progression at 39 weeks of pregnancy with several health problems that started with the respiratory system right after birth. On examination, he was found to be suffering from several congenital anomalies, including heart, face, eyes, ears, and genitalia. A genetic analysis was performed for the patient, and a mutation in the CDH7 gene was found. The patient was diagnosed as a sporadic case of CHARGE syndrome. The patient's treatment plan is a multidisciplinary team effort to alleviate his quality of life and further increase life expectancy.