Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings in seminal vesicle pathologies.

PURPOSE: Congenital and acquired pathologies of the seminal vesicles (SV) are rare diseases. The diagnosis of SV anomalies is frequently delayed or wrong due to the rarity of these diseases and the lack of adequate evaluation of SV pathology. For this reason, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate SV pathologies and accompanying genitourinary system abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2012 and December 2015, 1455 male patients with different provisional diagnosis underwent MRI. Congenital and acquired pathology of the SV was identified in 42 of these patients. The patients were categorized according to their SV pathologies. The patients were analyzed in terms of genitourinary system findings associated with SV pathologies. RESULTS: SV pathologies were accompanied by other genitourinary system findings. Congenital SV pathologies were bilateral or predominantly in the left SV. Patients with bilateral SV hypoplasia were diagnosed at an earlier age compared to patients with unilateral SV agenesis. There was a significant association between abnormal signal intensity in the SV and benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and patient age. CONCLUSION: SV pathologies are rare diseases of the genitourinary system. The association between seminal vesicle pathology and other genitourinary system diseases requires complete genitourinary system evaluation that includes the seminal vesicles.

Is hemorrhage the reason in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever patients with neurological signs and symptomsa.

PURPOSE: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease can result in mortality varying from 3.0% to 50.0%. In this study, we wished to discuss computed tomography (CT) findings together with clinical and laboratory findings in patients who had disease-related neurological signs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients who were diagnosed with CCHF. Seventeen patients that had neurological signs were enrolled as the patient group. As a control group, 40 patients diagnosed with CCHF and did not have neurological signs were enrolled. Patients who had neurological signs were examined with brain CT. Radiological and clinical findings of both groups were compared. RESULTS: There were pathological findings in three patients while brain CT's of 14 patients were evaluated as normal. Blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total bilirubin, neutrophil, activated partial thromboplastin time, and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in the group with neurological signs whereas platelet count and calcium levels were significantly lower in this group. Six of 57 patients died during the follow-up period. Six patients who died were in the group, in which central nervous system (CNS) imaging study was performed. CONCLUSION: As the presence of CNS signs is a bad prognostic indicator in CCHF, they should be investigated carefully.

A Comparison of Ultrasonography, Computerised Tomography, and Conventional MRI Findings for Splenic Nodules Associated with Type 1 Gaucher's Disease with Diffusion-Weighted MRI Findings.

A 26-year-old female patient with Type 1 Gaucher's disease (GD) was admitted to our clinic with complaints of stomachache and signs of anemia. The patient underwent ultrasonography (US), computerised tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Imaging studies revealed massive hepatosplenomegaly, choledocolithiasis, and six nodules in the spleen with a mean size of 14 mm. The nodules appeared hyperechoic, hypoechoic, and of mixed echogenicity on the US and hypodense on the CT. While the nodules were observed to be iso-hypointense in T1-weighted (T1WI) images, they appeared to be hyperintense in the T2-weighted (T2WI) images. There were no diffusion restrictions in these nodules that appeared on the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). A nodule located at the lower pole was observed to be hypointense in the T2WI images. The nodule located at the lower pole, which appeared hypointense in T2WI series, had restricted diffusion upon DWI. In this study, we aimed to present the properties of splenic GD nodules using US, CT, and conventional MRI, together with DWI. This case report is the first to apply US, CT, and conventional MRI, together with DWI, to the splenic nodules associated with Gaucher's disease.

Evaluation of morphological changes in pharynx with dynamic CT and MRI in snoring patients.

BACKGROUND: Identifying the craniofacial abnormalities that cause snoring and the narrowest area of the upper airway creating obstructions can help to determine the proper method of treatment. AIM: To identify the factors that can cause snoring and the areas of the airway that are the most likely to collapse with upper airway imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Axial pharynx examinations with CT (computerized tomography) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed to 38 patients complaining of snoring and 12 patients who did not complain of snoring. The narrowest areas of nasopharynx, hypophraynx, oropharynx, bilateral para-pharyngeal fat pad and para-pharyngeal muscle thickness were measured. RESULTS: In snoring patients, the narrowest part of the upper airway was the retro-palatal region in the oropharynx, as measured with both imaging methods. When patients with and without snoring were compared, the former that a higher body mass index and neck diameter and a narrower oropharynx area. In dynamic examinations, we determined that as para-pharyngeal muscle thickness increased, medial-lateral airway diameter and the oropharynx area decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The narrowest section of the airway is the retro-palatal region of the oropharynx, measured both with CT and MRI.

Investigation of Lumbar Vertebrae and Disc Morphometry with Computed Tomography in Turkish Adults / Investigación de Vértebras Lumbares y Morfometría del Disco con Tomografía Computarizada en Adultos Turcos

SUMMARY: Conducting morphometric studies including many parameters and establishing certain standards for the anatomy of the lumbar spine will facilitate clinical applications. The Turkish example of lumbar vertebrae and disc morphometry has not yet been presented comprehensively. In our study, abdominal computed tomography images of 700 adults were evaluated retrospectively. It was observed that the anterior height of the vertebral bodies increased from L1 to L4 in males, and from L1 to L5 in females. The posterior height of the vertebral bodies was lowest at L5 in both sexes, while it was highest at L3 in males and L4 in females. In all age groups, the values for males were greater (p0.05). In all age groups and both sexes, an increase in anterior disc heights towards disc 5 was observed. The values for males were greater than those for females (p<0.05). The posterior disc height at disc 5 was higher in females, and in other discs, it was higher in males (p<0.05). In conclusion, it was found that the measurement values of the parameters examined varied according to lumbar level and sex, but were independent of age. The morphometric data we obtained are important in terms of providing a reference for the people of our region and contributing to the literature.

La realización de estudios morfométricos que incluyan diversos parámetros anatómicos y el establecimiento de ciertos estándares para la anatomía de la columna lumbar facilitarán los procedimientos clínicos. Como ejemplo, aún no se ha presentado de manera detallada la morfometría de las vértebras lumbares y del disco intervertebral en individuos turcos. En nuestro estudio evaluamos retrospectivamente imágenes de tomografía computarizada abdominal en 700 individuos adultos de ambos sexos. Observamos que la altura anterior de los cuerpos vertebrales aumentaba de L1 a L4 en los hombres y de L1 a L5 en las mujeres. La altura posterior de los cuerpos vertebrales fue más baja en L5 en ambos sexos, mientras que fue más alta en L3 en hombres y L4 en mujeres. En todos los grupos etarios los valores para los hombres fueron mayores (p0,05). En todos los grupos de edad y en ambos sexos se observó un aumento en la altura anterior del disco intervertebral hacia el disco 5. Los valores de los hombres fueron mayores que los de las mujeres (p<0,05). La altura posterior del disco intervertebral en el disco 5 fue mayor en las mujeres y en otros discos fue mayor en los hombres (p<0,05). En conclusión, se encontró que los valores de medición de los parámetros examinados variaron según el nivel lumbar y el sexo, pero fueron independientes de la edad. Los datos morfométricos que obtuvimos son importantes en términos de proporcionar una referencia para la población de nuestra región y contribuir a la literatura.

Aortic Flow Propagation Velocity in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever: an Observational Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Systemic inflammation has an important role in the initiation of atherosclerosis, which is associated with arterial stiffness (AS). Aortic flow propagation velocity (APV) is a new echocardiographic parameter of aortic stiffness. The relationship between systemic inflammation and AS has not yet been described in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). We aimed to investigate the early markers of AS in patients with FMF by measuring APV and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one FMF patients (43 women; mean age 27.3±6.7 years) in an attack-free period and 57 healthy individuals (36 women; mean age 28.8±7.1 years) were included in this study. The individuals with atherosclerotic risk factors were excluded from the study. The flow propagation velocity of the descending aorta and CIMT were measured to assess AS. RESULTS: APV was significantly lower (60.2±16.5 vs. 89.5±11.6 cm/sec, p<0.001) and CIMT was significantly higher (0.49±0.09 vs. 0.40±0.10 mm, p<0.001) in the FMF group compared to the control group. There were significant correlations between APV and mean CIMT (r=-0.424, p<0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r=-0.198, p=0.032), and left ventricle ejection fraction (r=0.201, p=0.029). APV and the ESR were independent predictors of FMF in logistic regression analysis (OR=-0.900, 95% CI=0.865-0.936, p<0.001 and OR=-1.078, 95% CI=1.024-1.135, p=0.004, respectively). Mean CIMT and LVEF were independent factors associated with APV in linear regression analysis (ß=-0.423, p<0.001 and ß=0.199, p=0.017, respectively). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that APV was lower in FMF patients and is related to CIMT. According to our results, APV may be an independent predictor of FMF.

Thorax CT findings in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF).

PURPOSE: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral disease with high mortality. The agent causing CCHF is a Nairovirus. The virus is typically transmitted to humans through tick bites. CCHF is a life-threatening disease observed endemically over a wide geographical regions in the world and a little known about pulmonary findings in CCHF patients. METHODS: The patients that were admitted and diagnosed with CCHF between April 2010 and September 2015 were examined. Patients' medical records were then evaluated retrospectively. Patients who underwent thorax CT evaluation based on the clinical findings at the time of admission and/or during the hospital stay were included in the study. Patients' laboratory test results and thorax CT findings for respiratory assessment along with demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Forty patients diagnosed with CCHF that underwent thorax CT based on their indications were included in the study. Twenty-seven patients (62.5 %) were male with a mean age of 55.22 ± 19.84 years. According to these results, the three most common thorax CT findings were parenchymal infiltration [32 patients (80 %)], pleural effusion [31 patients (77.5 %)], and alveolar infiltration [28 patients (70 %)]. Moreover, we determined that the most frequently seen radiological findings often occurred bilaterally. CONCLUSIONS: There is still not enough information regarding this life-threatening disease. We also would like to emphasize that both direct radiography and thorax CT are highly successful in detecting frequently encountered radiological findings such as pleural effusion, alveolar hemorrhage, and parenchymal infiltration that indicate pulmonary involvement.

Is evaluation of placenta with real-time sonoelastography during the second trimester of pregnancy an effective method for the assessment of spontaneous preterm birth risk?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of placental strain ratio (SR) values measured by real-time sonoelastography (SE) in the second trimester in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). METHODS: This study included 70 pregnant women who applied to our clinic for routine second-trimester screening. Placental SR measurements were performed with the SE method. Two different SR measurements were performed by taking two different tissues as references. The SR value measured when taking the rectus abdominis muscle as a reference was termed the muscle-to-placenta strain ratio (MPSR), while the SR value measured when taking subcutaneous tissue as a reference was termed the fat-to-placenta strain ratio (FPSR). Women whose gestational age at birth was less than 37 weeks 0 days were accepted as sPTB. The association between gestational age at birth and MPSR and FPSR was investigated. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the elastographic outcomes. RESULTS: There was a low-level negative correlation between MPSR and gestational age at birth (r=-0.300, P=.012) and there was a moderate-level negative correlation between FPSR and gestational age at birth (r=-0.513, P<.001). The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the FPSR (ß=0.609, P=.002) was the significant predictor for the sPTB. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the FPSR value measured with real-time SE in the second trimester of pregnancy may be effective in the prediction of sPTB.

Breast arterial calcifications and carotid intima-media thickness and haemodynamics: Is there any association?

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to research the relation between breast arterial calcifications (BACs) detected on mammography and two well-known markers of cardiovascular diseases-carotid artery intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and haemodynamics parameters like carotid peak-systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI). METHODS: The study group consisted of 50 consecutive BAC (+) women and the control group consisted of 55 BAC (-) women. In all participants, BAC was diagnosed using mammography and C-IMT was measured using B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography. BAC was defined as two linear calcification depositions in a conical periphery or as calcific rings at the mammographic evaluation. Doppler spectrum samples were obtained from 2 cm proximal to the main carotid artery bifurcation. RESULTS: Postmenopausal female patients ranging in age from 40 to 86 included in this study. When the groups were adjusted for age, a statistically significant difference was found between mean C-IMT of BAC (+) and BAC (-) groups (0.81 ± 0.2 vs. 0.69 ± 0.2 mm; p<0.001). No significant differences were observed between BAC (+) and BAC (-) groups in terms of PSV, EDV, RI. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that BAC, diagnosed by mammography, is independently associated with C-IMT. C-IMT measurement is suggested as a useful tool to detect early atherosclerotic changes. However, haemodynamic variables (PSV, EDV, RI) were not statistically different between the BAC (+) and BAC (-) groups. Prospective larger cohort studies are needed to further elucidate whether BAC is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings in seminal vesicle pathologies

ABSTRACT Purpose Congenital and acquired pathologies of the seminal vesicles (SV) are rare diseases. The diagnosis of SV anomalies is frequently delayed or wrong due to the rarity of these diseases and the lack of adequate evaluation of SV pathology. For this reason, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate SV pathologies and accompanying genitourinary system abnormalities. Materials and Methods Between March 2012 and December 2015, 1455 male patients with different provisional diagnosis underwent MRI. Congenital and acquired pathology of the SV was identified in 42 of these patients. The patients were categorized according to their SV pathologies. The patients were analyzed in terms of genitourinary system findings associated with SV pathologies. Results SV pathologies were accompanied by other genitourinary system findings. Congenital SV pathologies were bilateral or predominantly in the left SV. Patients with bilateral SV hypoplasia were diagnosed at an earlier age compared to patients with unilateral SV agenesis. There was a significant association between abnormal signal intensity in the SV and benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and patient age. Conclusion SV pathologies are rare diseases of the genitourinary system. The association between seminal vesicle pathology and other genitourinary system diseases requires complete genitourinary system evaluation that includes the seminal vesicles.

The value of the computed tomographic obstruction index in the identification of massive pulmonary thromboembolism.

PURPOSE: In this study, the pulmonary arterial computed tomography obstruction index ratio, which indicates the degree and extent of thrombotic arterial occlusion, was calculated in cases with pulmonary thromboembolism. Our objectives were to investigate the value of this index for the identification of cases with massive pulmonary thromboembolism and to search for correlations between this index and clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 68 patients were evaluated retrospectively. For the clinical evaluation, the Wells scoring system was used. Pulmonary computed tomographic angiography examinations were acquired using an eight-channel multidetector computed tomography. The presence of arterial filling defects was recorded, and the clot burden was quantified based on the degree and extent of thrombotic arterial occlusion. RESULTS: According to the Wells scoring system, the patients were assigned to low (n = 14), moderate (n = 34), and high clinical (n = 20) possibility groups, and the difference among the mean pulmonary arterial computed tomography obstruction index ratios of the three groups was significant (P = 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between the pulmonary arterial computed tomography obstruction index ratio and the Wells score (r = 0.470, P < 0.001). The pulmonary arterial computed tomography obstruction index ratio cut-off point was determined to be 40% for the discrimination of massive and nonmassive cases (sensitivity, 72.7%; specificity, 91.4%). CONCLUSION: We found that in cases where the pulmonary arterial computed tomography obstruction index ratio was above 40%, a diagnosis of massive pulmonary thromboembolism was demonstrated. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the obstruction index and the Wells score suggested the use of a clinical evaluation as a means of developing a recommendation regarding the thrombotic load.