Vitrification does not affect birth weight: lessons from the oocyte donation model.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Is embryo cryopreservation a cause of high birth weight and large for gestational age (LGA) in singletons resulting from vitrified-warmed embryo transfer? DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study evaluating 670 oocyte recipients who underwent fresh (367 cycles) or vitrified-warmed embryo transfer (303 cycles) at Instituto Bernabeu between July 2017 and March 2019. All single blastocyst transfers carried out in an artificial cycle that resulted in a singleton live birth were included. RESULTS: Maternal age (42.21 ± 4.45; 42.79 ± 3.83; P = 0.519), body mass index (23.34 ± 3.69; 23.80 ± 3.78; P = 0.075), gestational age (38.96 ± 1.97; 38.77 ± 2.15; P = 0.207), maternal smoking (10.8%; 13.0%; P = 0.475), gestational diabetes (4.9%; 4.3% P = 0.854), preeclampsia (2.7%; 5.6%; P = 0.074), hypertensive disorders (3.3%; 2.3%; P = 0.494), maternal parity (multiparous 18.5%; 14.5%; P = 0.177) and liveborn gender (female 44.5%; 48.8%; P = 0.276) were not significantly different between fresh or vitrified-warmed groups. Endometrial thickness was significantly higher in the fresh versus vitrified-warmed group (8.83 ± 1.73 versus 8.57 ± 1.59; P = 0.035, respectively). Oocyte donor height was similar between the fresh versus vitrified-warmed group (163.22 ± 5.88 versus 164.27 ± 6.66 cm; P = 0.057, respectively). Mean birth weight was not significantly different (3239.21 ± 550.43; 3224.56 ± 570.83; adjusted P = 0.058). No differences were observed in macrosomia (7.1%; 6.3%; adjusted OR 0.857, 95% CI 0.314 to 2.340, P = 0.764), LGA (6.0%; 6.7%; adjusted OR 0.450, 95% CI 0.176 to 1.149, P = 0.095), pre-term birth (10.9%; 9.0% adjusted P = 0.997), very pre-term birth (0.8%; 1.3%; adjusted P = 1.000), extremely pre-term birth (0%; 1.0%; adjusted P = 0.998); underweight (10.0%; 7.0%; adjusted P = 0.050); very low weight (0.6; 1.1%; adjusted P = 1.000) and small for gestational age (1.9%; 0.7%; adjusted P = 0.974) between fresh or vitrified-warmed groups. CONCLUSION: This study eliminates potential confounders that might influence fetal growth and demonstrates that embryo vitrification and warming procedures do not affect birth weight.

Flash Flood Early Warning System in Colima, Mexico.

This paper presents a system of sensors used in flash flood prediction that offers critical real-time information used to provide early warnings that can provide the minutes needed for persons to evacuate before imminent events. Flooding is one of the most serious natural disasters humans confront in terms of loss of life and results in long-term effects, which often have severely adverse social consequences. However, flash floods are potentially more dangerous to life because there is often little or no forewarning of the impending disaster. The Emergency Water Information Network (EWIN) offers a solution that integrates an early warning system, notifications, and real-time monitoring of flash flood risks. The platform has been implemented in Colima, Mexico covering the Colima and Villa de Alvarez metropolitan area. This platform consists of eight fixed riverside hydrological monitoring stations, eight meteorological stations, nomadic mobile monitoring stations called "drifters" used in the flow, and a sniffer with data muling capability. The results show that this platform effectively compiles and forwards information to decision-makers, government officials, and the general public, potentially providing valuable minutes for people to evacuate dangerous areas.

RiverCore: IoT Device for River Water Level Monitoring over Cellular Communications.

Flooding is one of the most frequent and costly natural disasters affecting mankind. However, implementing Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor river behavior may help mitigate or prevent future disasters. This article outlines the hardware development of an IoT system (RiverCore) and defines an application scenario in a specific hydrological region of the state of Colima (Mexico), highlighting the characteristics of data acquisition and data processing used. Both fixed position and moving drifter node systems are described along with web-based data acquisition platform developments integrated with IoT techniques to retrieve data through 3G cellular networks. The developed architecture uses the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, along with encryption and security mechanisms, to send real-time data packages from fixed nodes to a server that stores retrieved data in a non-relational database. From this, data can be accessed and displayed through different customizable queries and graphical representations, allowing future use in flood analysis and prediction systems. All of these features are presented along with graphical evidence of the deployment of the different devices and of several cellular communication and on-site data acquisition tests.

The Use and Efficacy of Oral Phenylephrine Versus Placebo Treating Nasal Congestion Over the Years on Adults: A Systematic Review.

Nasal congestion is a common issue stemming from various factors such as allergies and anatomical variations. Allergic rhinitis frequently leads to nasal congestion. The pathophysiology involves inflammation, swelling, and mucus production in the nasal mucosa. Multiple treatments are available, including oral phenylephrine, an over-the-counter or prescription option. However, the effectiveness and safety of phenylephrine have been subjects of debate. This systematic review aims to provide an updated perspective on the efficacy of oral phenylephrine versus placebo in addressing nasal congestion in adults. We conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, a systematic review involving searches on PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were defined to identify high-quality studies. The focus was on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies published in English between 1998 and 2023, involving adult populations. The interventions compared oral phenylephrine with placebo or standard care, with outcomes centering on changes in nasal congestion symptoms and nasal airway resistance. We identified four articles that met the criteria. These studies exhibited varied designs and populations. The findings consistently indicated that phenylephrine was not more effective than a placebo in relieving nasal congestion. This systematic review demonstrates that oral phenylephrine did not offer substantial relief from nasal congestion compared to a placebo in adults. The studies featured diverse designs, yet the prevailing conclusion was that phenylephrine's efficacy was limited. Safety assessments showed no life-threatening adverse events, with common side effects including headaches and mild discomfort. In summary, this systematic review indicates that oral phenylephrine is not significantly more effective than a placebo in alleviating nasal congestion in adults. Clinicians should explore alternative treatment options, considering the review's limitations. Additional research may be needed to clarify the role of oral phenylephrine in managing nasal congestion.

Wastewater early warning system for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and variants in a Coruña, Spain.

Wastewater-based epidemiology has been widely used as a cost-effective method for tracking the COVID-19 pandemic at the community level. Here we describe COVIDBENS, a wastewater surveillance program running from June 2020 to March 2022 in the wastewater treatment plant of Bens in A Coruña (Spain). The main goal of this work was to provide an effective early warning tool based in wastewater epidemiology to help in decision-making at both the social and public health levels. RT-qPCR procedures and Illumina sequencing were used to weekly monitor the viral load and to detect SARS-CoV-2 mutations in wastewater, respectively. In addition, own statistical models were applied to estimate the real number of infected people and the frequency of each emerging variant circulating in the community, which considerable improved the surveillance strategy. Our analysis detected 6 viral load waves in A Coruña with concentrations between 103 and 106 SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies/L. Our system was able to anticipate community outbreaks during the pandemic with 8-36 days in advance with respect to clinical reports and, to detect the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in A Coruña such as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA.2) in wastewater with 42, 30, and 27 days, respectively, before the health system did. Data generated here helped local authorities and health managers to give a faster and more efficient response to the pandemic situation, and also allowed important industrial companies to adapt their production to each situation. The wastewater-based epidemiology program developed in our metropolitan area of A Coruña (Spain) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic served as a powerful early warning system combining statistical models with mutations and viral load monitoring in wastewater over time.

Development of an Iberian Chorizo Salted With a Combination of Mineral Salts (Seawater Substitute) and Better Nutritional Profile.

The present study evaluated the effect of salt reduction using a seawater substitutes, at the nutritional and mineral composition, its physicochemical, biochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of Iberian chorizo, compared with one elaborated with low salt content (KCl) and another with a normal salt content (CTRL). To this end, three batches of chorizo were prepared [Treatment 1: CTRL, 100% NaCl; Treatment 2: KCl, 31% KCl, and Treatment 3: SC (Winbi®), <3% NaCl]. In KCl and SC chorizo lots, values of moisture, salt, and water activity (aw) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the CTRL chorizo. The chorizo with lower salt content presented higher proteolytic activity; with the nutritional declaration "reduced Na content "with Na values 25% lower than the CTRL. In addition, using this combination caused significant effects (P < 0.05) on the mineral composition of chorizo SC, allowing the inclusion of more nutritional and health claims in its labeling under legislation. The partial substitution of NaCl for KCl (31%), caused an increase in the gumminess, chewiness, and hardness of the chorizo. The SC chorizo lost the reddish hue typical of this sausage, although it was the best sensory valued by a panel of consumers. No differences were observed in the microbiological quality of the different batches of chorizo, always fulfilling the legally established microbiological criteria.

Paravertebral lipomatous ganglioneuroma with intraspinal extension. Case report and literature review. / Ganglioneuroma lipomatoso paravertebral con extensión intraespinal. Descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Lipomatous ganglioneuromas are a rare variant of ganglioneuromas characterized by a mature adipocytic component admixed with a conventional ganglioneuroma component. We present the case of a 34 year old patient with a paravertebral right lesion L1-L4 with intraspinal extension and secondary neurological deficit, who underwent surgery in our hospital. The pathological anatomy showed a yellowish encapsulated neoplasm, which under microscopic evaluation showed areas of ganglioneuroma admixed with areas of mature fat. In the follow up, the patient was asymptomatic, had recovered paresis in the right lower extremity and in the last image control did not present data of lesion recurrence. Fewer than 10 cases of lipomatous ganglioneuromas have been reported in the literature, being this the first paravertebral case wih intraspinal extension and with neurological deficit, hence the interest of this work.

Choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle. A case report. / Papiloma del plexo coroideo del tercer ventrículo. Descripción de un caso.

Choroid plexus papilloma is an uncommon tumour of the central nervous system, accounting for less than 1% of all intracranial neoplasm. The usual locations are the lateral ventricle in infants and children and the fourth ventricle in adults. The third ventricle is a rare location, with few cases reported in the literature. We describe the case of a 3-month-old boy who was admitted to our centre with signs of raised intracranial pressure. Neuroimaging studies showed a third ventricular mass with associated hydrocephalus. The patient underwent complete tumour removal through a transfrontal approach and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery. Postoperative course of the child was uneventful and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed no residual tumour. Histopathology of the resected lesion confirmed the diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma. We discuss the clinical, radiological and histological features of this infrequent type of tumours.

Haptoglobin expression in human colorectal cancer.

Aims and experimental design. The acute-phase protein haptoglobin (Hp) has been recently detected in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue, where its expression correlates with metastasis. Recently, we identified Hp as a CDw75 antigen-expressing protein in colorectal tissue. To deepen the knowledge of this protein in CRC, we studied the expression of Hp in healthy and tumour tissue specimens from 62 CRC patients by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, as well as in the Caco-2 and HT-29 CRC cell lines by quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Results and discussion. Hp immuno-positive staining was absent in the 18 healthy colorectal specimens analysed, whereas it was observed in 24% (15/62) of the tumour specimens as cytoplasmic granules within cancer cells. Furthermore, Hp expression in CRC was associated with Dukes' stage and the presence of metastasis in our population of study. In vitro cultured Caco-2 and HT-29 cells expressed mRNA for Hp and the protein was detected at the cell surface. Conclusions. This study confirms the expression of Hp in CRC, both in vivo and in vitro, and provides further evidence of its association with disease progression and metastasis.