RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate possible morphometric alterations in bone tissue and the calcium serum concentration in ovariectomized mice subjected to physical training. METHODS: Fifty female mice, aged 90 days, divided into 5 groups (n=10): control (C), pseudo-operated sedentary (POS), pseudo-operated trained (POT), ovariectomized sedentary (OVS) and ovariectomized trained (OVT). Groups OVS and OVT were subjected to an ovariectomy, and groups POS and POT were subjected to a pseudo-surgery. Thirty days after the surgery, groups POT and OVT were subjected to physical training during 05 weeks in ergometer at a speed of 20 m/min. The other animals stayed sedentary at the same period. Afterwards the animals were sacrificed and had blood collected to realize calcium serum dosage and the right femurs were collected to realize a histomorphometric study. RESULTS: The calcium serum concentration in group OVT was lower than the other groups (p<0.05). The mass of femurs in groups POT and OVT was higher than the group Control (p<0.05). The average density of the osteocytes was higher in group OVS (p<0.05). The average value of the area of the osteocytes showed difference only between groups POS and OVS (p<0.05). There were no differences in the bone length, nor in the osteocytes perimeter. CONCLUSION: The physical training in part prevented the alterations in the bone tissue due to the ovariectomy and enabled an increase of the bone formation.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/anatomía & histología , Calcio/sangre , Ovariectomía , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Animales , Densidad Ósea , Huesos/citología , Huesos/metabolismo , Femenino , Fémur/anatomía & histología , Ratones , OsteocitosRESUMEN
This study seeks to identify the formation of social support networks of people with physical disabilities, and how these networks can help facilitate access to health services and promote social inclusion. It is a cross-sectional study, with data collected via a form applied to physically disabled persons over eighteen years of age registered with the Family Health Teams of the municipal district of João Pessoa in the state of Paraíba. It was observed that the support networks of these individuals predominantly consist of family members (parents, siblings, children, spouses) and people outside the family (friends and neighbors). However, 50% of the interviewees declared that they could not count on any support from outside the family. It was observed that the support network contributes to access to the services and participation in social groups. However, reduced social inclusion was detected, due to locomotion difficulties, this being the main barrier to social interaction. Among those individuals who began to interact in society, the part played by social support was fundamental.
Asunto(s)
Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Servicios de Salud para Personas con Discapacidad , Participación Social , Apoyo Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study seeks to analyze which are the variables associated with the difficulty of elderly people with disabilities gaining access to the health services. This is an observational study of an analytical cross-sectional nature, with a sample of 244 elderly people with disabilities. Data relating to socio-economic profile, the nature of the disability, and the conditions of access to health services were gathered. Version 11.0 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used for descriptive, statistical and analytical assessment of the data. The protection variables for difficulties in being treated in the health services were: the lack of drains, culverts, trash, bags of refuse, or irregular floor surfaces; the absence of ramps on sidewalks and pavements; the availability of transport; ease in scheduling appointments; and the length of the waiting period to be attended. The number of factors listed shows that the architectonic barriers and the current situation of healthcare need to be adequate in order to ensure full access and use by the elderly with disabilities to the health services.
Asunto(s)
Personas con Discapacidad , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/normas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The scope of this study was to monitor the access of persons with disabilities and permanent mobility restrictions to the Unified Health System in João Pessoa, State of Pernambuco. This is a descriptive field study, consisting of a random sample of 523 people with disabilities or permanent mobility restrictions. Data collection occurred between August 2007 and December 2008 and consisted of home interviews. The neuromusculoskeletal functions and those related to movement (52%) were among the most affected body functions, with a higher incidence among body structures related to movement (44.2%) and those of the nervous system (39.2%), with special emphasis on the high number of cases (14%) due to the sequelae from strokes. Among the respondents, 63.9% stated that there had not been sufficient and appropriate means to lessen the physical obstacles between their homes and the places where they received healthcare, and 41.7% claimed that there were no special facilities for the handicapped in the healthcare offices. Brazilian law ensures rights for people with disabilities, which were not broadly respected. Action is necessary to prevent the development of disabilities, especially those resulting from the sequelae from strokes.
Asunto(s)
Personas con Discapacidad , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Limitación de la Movilidad , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
This study seeks to identify the formation of social support networks of people with physical disabilities, and how these networks can help facilitate access to health services and promote social inclusion. It is a cross-sectional study, with data collected via a form applied to physically disabled persons over eighteen years of age registered with the Family Health Teams of the municipal district of João Pessoa in the state of Paraíba. It was observed that the support networks of these individuals predominantly consist of family members (parents, siblings, children, spouses) and people outside the family (friends and neighbors). However, 50% of the interviewees declared that they could not count on any support from outside the family. It was observed that the support network contributes to access to the services and participation in social groups. However, reduced social inclusion was detected, due to locomotion difficulties, this being the main barrier to social interaction. Among those individuals who began to interact in society, the part played by social support was fundamental.
Este estudo objetiva identificar a constituição das redes de apoio social das pessoas com deficiência física e como estas podem contribuir para facilitar o acesso aos serviços de saúde e a inclusão social das mesmas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com dados coletados através de um formulário, aplicado em pessoas com deficiência física maiores de dezoito anos, cadastradas nas Equipes de Saúde da Família do município de João Pessoa (PB). Constatou-se que as redes de apoio dessas pessoas estão constituídas principalmente pelos componentes da dimensão familiar (pais, irmãos, filhos, cônjuges) e extrafamiliar (amigos e vizinhos). No entanto, 50% dos entrevistados relataram não contar com qualquer apoio fora da família. Verificou-se que a rede de apoio contribui para o acesso aos serviços e para a participação em grupos sociais. Evidenciou-se, porém, uma reduzida inserção social, decorrente da dificuldade de locomoção, sendo esta a principal barreira para a interação social. Entre as pessoas que começaram a interagir na sociedade o apoio social foi fundamental.
Asunto(s)
Antraquinonas/metabolismo , Aspergillus oryzae/metabolismo , Colorantes/metabolismo , Peroxidasas/metabolismo , Aspergillus oryzae/enzimología , Microbiología Industrial , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
Malnutrition during lactation is associated with hypoprolactinemia and failure in milk production. Adult rats whose mothers were malnourished presented higher body weight and serum tri-iodothyronine (T(3)). Maternal hypoprolactinemia at the end of lactation caused higher body weight in adult life, suggesting an association between maternal prolactin (PRL) level and programming of the offspring's adult body weight. Here, we studied the consequences of the maternal PRL inhibition at the end of lactation by bromocriptine (BRO) injection, a dopaminergic agonist, upon serum TSH and thyroid hormones, thyroid iodide uptake, liver mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD), liver and pituitary de-iodinase activities (D1 and/or D2), and in vitro post-TRH TSH release in the adult offspring. Wistar lactating rats were divided into BRO - injected with 1 mg/twice a day, daily for the last 3 days of lactation, and C - control, saline-injected with the same frequency. At 180 days of age, the offspring were injected with (125)I i.p. and after 2 h, they were killed. Adult animals whose mothers were treated with BRO at the end of lactation presented lower serum TSH (-51%), T(3) (-23%), and thyroxine (-21%), lower thyroid (125)I uptake (-41%), liver mGPD (-55%), and pituitary D2 (-51%) activities, without changes in the in vitro post-TRH TSH release. We show that maternal PRL suppression at the end of lactation programs a hypometabolic state in adulthood, in part due to a thyroid hypofunction, caused by a central hypothyroidism, probably due to decreased TRH secretion. We suggest that PRL during lactation can regulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and programs its function.
Asunto(s)
Bromocriptina/farmacología , Hipotiroidismo/sangre , Hipotiroidismo/fisiopatología , Lactancia/sangre , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Prolactina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos , Femenino , Glicerolfosfato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Antagonistas de Hormonas , Hiperprolactinemia/sangre , Hiperprolactinemia/inducido químicamente , Hiperprolactinemia/fisiopatología , Hipotiroidismo/inducido químicamente , Yoduro Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Hipófisis/efectos de los fármacos , Hipófisis/enzimología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tirotropina/sangre , Tiroxina/sangre , Triyodotironina/sangreRESUMEN
Este estudo propõe analisar quais variáveis se associam com a dificuldade no acesso de idosos com deficiência aos serviços de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico de caráter transversal, com uma amostra de 244 idosos com deficiência. Foram agrupados dados pertinentes ao perfil socioeconômico, à caracterização da deficiência e às condições de acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde. Para análise estatística descritiva e analítica dos dados, foi utilizado o software Statistical Package for the Social Science, versão 11.0. As variáveis de proteção para a dificuldade em ser atendido nos serviços de saúde foram: ausência de esgotos, bueiros, dejetos, sacos de lixos, ou pisos quebrados; ausência de degraus nas calçadas e existência de calçamento; presença de transporte; facilidade na marcação de consultas; e o baixo tempo de espera para ser atendido. O somatório dos fatores expostos mostra que as barreiras arquitetônicas e situação atual de atenção à saúde precisam ser adequadas, visando o ingresso e utilização plena dos idosos com deficiência aos serviços de saúde.
This study seeks to analyze which are the variables associated with the difficulty of elderly people with disabilities gaining access to the health services. This is an observational study of an analytical cross-sectional nature, with a sample of 244 elderly people with disabilities. Data relating to socio-economic profile, the nature of the disability, and the conditions of access to health services were gathered. Version 11.0 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used for descriptive, statistical and analytical assessment of the data. The protection variables for difficulties in being treated in the health services were: the lack of drains, culverts, trash, bags of refuse, or irregular floor surfaces; the absence of ramps on sidewalks and pavements; the availability of transport; ease in scheduling appointments; and the length of the waiting period to be attended. The number of factors listed shows that the architectonic barriers and the current situation of healthcare need to be adequate in order to ensure full access and use by the elderly with disabilities to the health services.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Personas con Discapacidad , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/normas , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
The scope of this study was to monitor the access of persons with disabilities and permanent mobility restrictions to the Unified Health System in João Pessoa, State of Pernambuco. This is a descriptive field study, consisting of a random sample of 523 people with disabilities or permanent mobility restrictions. Data collection occurred between August 2007 and December 2008 and consisted of home interviews. The neuromusculoskeletal functions and those related to movement (52%) were among the most affected body functions, with a higher incidence among body structures related to movement (44.2%) and those of the nervous system (39.2%), with special emphasis on the high number of cases (14%) due to the sequelae from strokes. Among the respondents, 63.9% stated that there had not been sufficient and appropriate means to lessen the physical obstacles between their homes and the places where they received healthcare, and 41.7% claimed that there were no special facilities for the handicapped in the healthcare offices. Brazilian law ensures rights for people with disabilities, which were not broadly respected. Action is necessary to prevent the development of disabilities, especially those resulting from the sequelae from strokes.
Objetivou-se avaliar a acessibilidade de pessoas com deficiência e restrição de mobilidade permanente ao SUS em João Pessoa (PB). Trata-se de estudo descritivo de campo, composto por amostra aleatória de 523 pessoas com deficiência ou restrição permanente de mobilidade. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de agosto de 2007 à dezembro de 2008 e consistiu de entrevistas domiciliares. As funções neuromusculoesqueléticas e relacionadas ao movimento foram as mais prejudicadas (52%), havendo maior acometimento das estruturas corporais relacionadas ao movimento (44,2%) e as do Sistema Nervoso (39,2%), com destaque para o elevado número de casos (14%) decorrentes de sequela de Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). Entre os entrevistados, 63,9% afirmam que de suas residências aos locais onde recebiam atendimento à Saúde não haviam meios suficientes e apropriados para diminuir os obstáculos físicos e 41,7% que não existiam adaptações nos locais de atendimento. A legislação brasileira garante direitos às pessoas com deficiência que não foram amplamente respeitados. São necessárias ações que previnam o desenvolvimento de deficiências, em especial aquelas decorrentes de sequelas de AVC.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Personas con Discapacidad , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Limitación de la Movilidad , Brasil , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
Introdução: Diversos estudos descritos na literatura apontam os benefícios da prática da atividade física habitual na melhoria do nível de saúde de seus praticantes. Em atitude oposta, o sedentarismo tem sido vinculado ao aparecimento de desordens dos sistemas cardiovascular, respiratório e musculoesquelético. Objetivo: Averiguar a presença de possíveis relações entre alterações posturais e a prática da atividade física habitual em sujeitos jovens. Método: A casuística foi composta de 36 indivíduos divididos em 2 grupos: a) sedentários (21,24±1,87 anos; 62,12±11,38 kg; l,69±O,09m; IMC=21,72±13,l1kg/m2) formado por 7 homens e 14 mulheres; b) fisicamente ativos (21,20±3,23 anos; 66,38± 18,56 kg; 1,72±0, 11m; IMC=22,18±4,23kg/m2) formado por 10 homens e 5 mulheres. Para classificação dos grupos foi utilizado o questionário de Atividade Física Habitual de Baecke, adaptado para adultos considerando apenas os escores de exercícios físicos no lazer (EFL) e atividades de lazer e locomoção (ALL), contendo 8 questões relacionadas à prática de exercícios físicos e de atividades laborais dos últimos 12 meses. Os sujeitos foram colocados em posição ortostática para o registro de fotos nos planos frontal (anterior e posterior) e sagital (direito e esquerdo), com marcadores passivos em 17 pontos anatômicos, para em seguida serem -analisadas pelo Software de AvaliaçãoPostural (SAPO), de onde foram obtidos os dados referentes aos desalinhamentos entre os mesmos. Os dados foram analisados pelo SPSS 10.0, por meio do teste t Student para comparação dos grupos, com um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os dados do estudo apontaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes para Alinhamento entre as Espinhas Ilíacas Ântero-superiores (AHEIAS; p = 0,04) e Diferença de Comprimento entre os Membros Inferiores (DCMI; p = 0,04). Conclusão: Os sujeitos que não praticam atividade física habitual mostraram assimetrias nos membros inferiores, que podem levar as alterações.
Introduction: Several studies in the literature show the benefits of physical activity practice in improving the healthstatus of its practitioners. However, the inactivity has been linked to the appearance of disorders of the cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal. Objective: To investigate the presence of possible relationships between postural changes and the practice of physical activity in young subjects. Method: The sample consisted of 36 individuais divided into 2 groups: a) sedentary (21.24±1.87 years, 62.12±11.38 kilograms, 1.69±0.09 m, BMI=21.72±13.11 kg/m2) consistingof7 men and 14 women, b) physically active (21.20 ± 3.23 years, 66.38 ± 18.56 kg, 1.72 ± 0.11 m, BMI=22.18± 4.23 kg/m2), comprising 10 men and 5 women. For classification of the groups used the questionnaire of habitual physical activity of Baecke adapted for adults, just considering the scores of physical exe2S for recreation and transportation with 8 questions related to physical exercise and work activities of the past 12 -c-:hs. The subjects were placed in standing position and pictures were taken in the frontal (front and rear) and sagit-- ight and left) with passive markers in 17 anatomical points, and are then analyzed using the postural assessment'>- ",-flore (POAS) of where they obtained the data concerning misalignment between them. The data were analyzed by _:::s.5 10.0, using the Student t test to compare groups, with a significance levei of 5%. Results: Data from the study _.ied statistically significant differences in alignment between the anterior iliac spine top (AHEIAS p = 0.04) and length::=Sence between the Leg (DCMI, p = 0.04). Conclusion: The subjects who do not practice regular physical activity--cwed asymmetries in the lower limbs, which can lead to postural changes. However, it is necessary to further studies larger sample to confirm the effects of inactivity on the misalignment and positioning of certain body structures.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Actividad Motora , Ejercicio Físico , PosturaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Investigar as possíveis alteracões morfométricas no tecido ósseo e na concentracão sérica de cálcio em camundongos ovariectomizadas submetidas ao treinamento físico. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta camundongos fêmeas, com 90 dias de idade, distribuídos em 5 grupos (n=10): controle (C), pseudo-operado sedentário (POS), pseudo-operado treinado (POT), ovariectomizado sedentário (OVS) e ovariectomizado treinado (OVT). Os grupos OVS e OVT foram submetidos a ovariectomia, e os grupos POS e POT a uma pseudo-cirurgia. Trinta dias após a cirurgia, os grupos POT e OVT foram submetidos ao exercício físico, durante 05 semanas em esteira elétrica a uma velocidade de 20 m/min. Os demais animais permaneceram sedentários no mesmo período. Após esse período os animais foram sacrificados, coletando o sangue para realizacão de dosagens séricas de cálcio e os fêmures direitos para estudo histomorfométrico. RESULTADOS: A concentracão sérica de cálcio no grupo OVT apresentou-se mais baixa do que nos demais grupos (p<0,05). A massa dos fêmures mostrou-se superior em relacão ao grupo controle, nos grupos POT e OVT (p<0,05). A densidade média de osteócitos foi mais alta no grupo OVS (p<0,05). O valor médio da área dos osteócitos mostrou diferenca apenas entre os grupos POS e OVS (p<0,05). Não houve diferencas no comprimento ósseo nem no perímetro dos osteócitos. CONCLUSAO: O exercício, em parte, preveniu as alteracões do tecido ósseo decorrentes da ovariectomia e possibilitou um aumento da formacão óssea.