Comparing the efficacy of biofeedback and balloon-assisted training in the treatment of dyssynergic defecation.

BACKGROUND: Dyssynergic defecation does not respond appropriately to routine treatments for constipation. Recently, research has shown that biofeedback therapy is useful in anorectal dyssynergia. OBJECTIVE: To compare two treatment modalities for patients experiencing dyssynergic defecation. METHODS: Sixty-five subjects with dyssynergic defecation were recruited and randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: balloon defecation training and biofeedback therapy. In the first group, a balloon was inserted into the rectum and inflated by water injection so that the patient experienced the sensation of a full rectum and, thus, the need to defecate. The patient was subsequently asked to reject the balloon. In the biofeedback group, the pen electrode of an electromyographic biofeedback device was inserted into the rectum, with the patient subsequently being asked to increase abdominal pressure and relax the rectal muscles accordingly. RESULTS: The findings showed a reduction in constipation in both groups. The ability to reject the balloon (volume and time) was significantly better in postintervention measurements; however, better results were found in the biofeedback arm of the study. Patient satisfaction after treatment reached 52% with balloon training and 79% in the biofeedback group. Reports of incomplete evacuation and the need for digit use during defecation remained constant after treatment in balloon-trained patients. CONCLUSION: Biofeedback training appeared to be superior to balloon defecation training and resulted in measurable changes in subjective and objective variables of dyssynergia.

The Effects of Sodium Selenite on Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Reactive Oxygen Species Levels of In Vitro Matured Mouse Oocytes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of present study is to determine the effects of supplementation of oocyte maturation medium with sodium selenite (SS) on oocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI), and metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes were recovered from 6-8 week old female mice after superovulation. Some of the GV oocytes were cultured and matured in the presence and absence of SS. Then in vivo and in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes were subjected to mitochondria staining by MitoTracker green, ROS analysis, and mtDNA copy number determination using absolute real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The maturation rate of GV oocytes to the MII stage significantly increased in the SS supplemented group (79.25%) compared to the control group (72.46%, P<0.05). The intensity of mitochondrial staining was not different among the studied groups, whereas the mitochondria distribution in the cytoplasm of the IVM oocytes showed some aggregation pattern. The in vivo obtained MII oocytes had lower ROS levels and higher mtDNA copy numbers than IVM-MII oocytes (P<0.05). The SS supplemented group had significantly lower ROS levels and higher mtDNA copy numbers than the non-treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: SS increased oocyte mtDNA copy number by decreasing oxidative stress. SS had an association with better oocyte developmental competence.