RESUMEN
A distinct cluster of highly pathogenic avian influenzaviruses of subtype A(H5N1) has been found to emergewithin clade 2.2.1.2 in poultry in Egypt since summer2014 and appears to have quickly become predominant.Viruses of this cluster may be associated withincreased incidence of human influenza A(H5N1) infectionsin Egypt over the last months.
Asunto(s)
Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Gripe Aviar/virología , Gripe Humana/virología , Aves de Corral , Animales , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes , Egipto/epidemiología , Glicoproteínas Hemaglutininas del Virus de la Influenza/genética , Humanos , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Gripe Aviar/diagnóstico , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Filogenia , Aves de Corral/virología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , ARN Viral/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ARNRESUMEN
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype are enzootic in poultry populations in different parts of the world, and have caused numerous human infections in recent years, particularly in Egypt. However, no sustained human-to-human transmission of these viruses has yet been reported. We tested nine naturally occurring Egyptian H5N1 viruses (isolated in 2014-2015) in ferrets and found that three of them transmitted via respiratory droplets, causing a fatal infection in one of the exposed animals. All isolates were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors. However, these viruses were not transmitted via respiratory droplets in three additional transmission experiments in ferrets. Currently, we do not know if the efficiency of transmission is very low or if subtle differences in experimental parameters contributed to these inconsistent results. Nonetheless, our findings heighten concern regarding the pandemic potential of recent Egyptian H5N1 influenza viruses.
Asunto(s)
Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinaria , Animales , Antivirales/farmacología , Bioensayo , Perros , Egipto/epidemiología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Hurones , Expresión Génica , Células HeLa , Humanos , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/clasificación , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Células de Riñón Canino Madin Darby , Neuraminidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Neuraminidasa/genética , Neuraminidasa/metabolismo , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/transmisión , Filogenia , Medición de Riesgo , Carga Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Virales/metabolismoRESUMEN
An experiment was conducted with Hy-Line W36 hens to determine the influence of age on tibia ash and breaking strength of hens kept in cages and floor pens. Breaking strength progressively decreased from 20 to 32 weeks of age for hens kept in cages and floor pens. However, the decrease was greater with hens kept in cages. Tibia ash progressively increased from 20 to 32 weeks of age; there was no difference after 23 weeks of age between cage and floor groups. Twenty hens were moved from cages to floor and 20 were moved from the floor to cages at 26 weeks of age. Tibia breaking strength did not significantly change for those moved from cages to floor and decreased for those moved from floor to cages. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant at 32 weeks of age.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Huesos/fisiología , Pollos/fisiología , Animales , Femenino , Resistencia a la Tracción , Tibia/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of Protamone on fatty liver syndrome in commercial laying hens. The addition of either 110 or 220 mg of protamone per kilogram of diet significantly lowered liver fat and also significantly reduced body weight. From histological examination of livers of hens fed Protamone it was found that the hepatocytes contained little or no lipid, whereas hepatocytes of hens fed the control diet were turgid with lipid. The addition of Protamone to the diet resulted in a significant reduction in egg production without effecting feed efficiency in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, egg production was significantly reduced and feed efficiency improved during Days 1 to 28. However, feed efficiency was poorer during Days 29 to 56 for hens receiving the Protamone.
Asunto(s)
Caseínas/uso terapéutico , Pollos , Hígado Graso/veterinaria , Yodoproteínas/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/dietoterapia , Animales , Caseínas/administración & dosificación , Hígado Graso/dietoterapia , Hígado Graso/patología , Femenino , Aditivos Alimentarios/administración & dosificación , Yodoproteínas/administración & dosificación , Hígado/patología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/patología , Síndrome/veterinaria , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Two experiments were conducted each consisting of two trials. Day-old Bobwhite quail were fed a starter diet containing a microbial preparation of Lactobacilli. In both experiments the experimental diets were fed for 5 weeks. No significant differences in growth, feed efficiency, or mortality were found between the control and Lactobacilli supplemented diets. Mortality was higher than normal within all treatments but unaffected by treatment.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Lactobacillus , Codorniz/fisiología , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves/mortalidad , Peso Corporal , Trastornos Nutricionales/mortalidad , Trastornos Nutricionales/veterinariaRESUMEN
Two Saudi patients who underwent cardiac surgery, developed fever after being discharged from hospital. Both received blood transfusion during operation. The cause of fever was found to be due to malaria acquired from the transfused blood. As no single measure could prevent transfusion malaria, clinical awareness of the condition should lead to early diagnosis and management of such cases.
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Malaria Falciparum/transmisión , Malaria Vivax/transmisión , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Reacción a la Transfusión , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Malaria Falciparum/diagnóstico , Malaria Falciparum/etiología , Malaria Vivax/diagnóstico , Malaria Vivax/etiología , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Arabia SauditaRESUMEN
1. The relative sensitivities of broiler chicks, White Leghorn chicks, quail chicks, goslings and turkey poults to increasing dietary contents of aflatoxin from 1 to 21 d of age were determined. Aflatoxin was included in the diets at three concentrations (0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 mg aflatoxin B1 equivalents/kg). 2. Data were analysed for species differences in food consumption, body weight, food utilisation, mortality and liver pathology. 3. There were no significant effects of aflatoxin in broiler and Leghorn chicks. Aflatoxin at 0.7 mg/kg decreased the body weight of turkey poults but tended to increase the growth rate of goslings. At 1.4 mg aflatoxin/kg food consumption, body weight and weight gain of goslings were adversely affected. 4. Liver damage occurred in goslings and quail chicks at all inclusions of aflatoxin and was extensive at 2.1 mg/kg. 5. Poults and goslings appeared to be the most sensitive, quail were intermediate and domestic chicks were most resistant.