Nonsurgical endodontic treatment of permanent maxillary incisors with immature apex and a large periapical lesion: a case report.

Immature teeth with necrotic pulp and large periapical lesions are difficult to treat via conventional endodontic therapy. However, they can be treated with calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). This article reports the case of a nonvital tooth with a periapical lesion and an open apex that was treated with a single-visit MTA apical plug. A radiographic evaluation taken 6 months post-treatment showed a decrease in the periapical lesion; at 1 year, complete healing was visible.

Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Bulk-fill and Nanohybrid Composite after Exposure to Different Beverages at Various Time Intervals - An In vitro Study.

AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the surface roughness and microhardness of bulk-fill composite and nanohybrid composite resin after exposure to three different beverages at different time intervals. METHODOLOGY: In this study, 60 composite discs each for bulk fill and nanohybrid, of dimensions 10 mm × 2 mm were made. Both composites were randomly divided into four subgroups, i.e., 15 samples each for artificial saliva, tea, coffee, and soft drinks which were further subdivided into five samples for three time intervals. Composite resin discs were immersed in beverages for 4 min in 24 h for 7, 15, and 30 days. All samples were evaluated for surface roughness and microhardness before and after immersion. RESULTS: Both the composites showed a significant increase in surface roughness in all the beverages with maximum change in surface roughness observed in nanohybrid composite resin immersed in soft drinks. Furthermore, the microhardness of both the composites was decreased significantly in all beverages with maximum change in microhardness observed in nanohybrid composite resin immersed in soft drinks. CONCLUSIONS: Bulk-fill composite resin has better resistance to surface roughness and higher microhardness as compared to nanohybrid. Furthermore, acidic beverages highly affect the physical properties of both composite resins for longer periods.

Résumé Objectif:Comparer la rugosité de surface et la microdureté du composite Bulk-Fill et de la résine composite nanohybride après exposition à trois boissons différentes à différents intervalles de temps.Matériels et Méthodes:Dans cette étude, 60 disques composites chacun pour remplissage en vrac et nanohybride, de dimensions 10 mm X 2 mm ont été fabriqués. Les deux composites ont été divisés au hasard en quatre sous-groupes, soit 15 échantillons chacun pour la salive artificielle, le thé, le café et les boissons gazeuses, qui ont ensuite été subdivisés en 5 échantillons pendant 3 intervalles de temps. Des disques de résine composite ont été immergés dans des boissons pendant 4 minutes en 24 heures pendant 7, 15 et 30 jours. Tous les échantillons ont été évalués pour la rugosité de surface et la microdureté avant et après immersion.Résultats:Les deux composites ont montré une augmentation significative de la rugosité de surface dans toutes les boissons, un changement maximal de rugosité de surface ayant été observé dans la résine composite nanohybride immergée dans une boisson gazeuse. De plus, la microdureté des deux composites a diminué de manière significative dans toutes les boissons, un changement maximal de microdureté ayant été observé dans la résine composite nanohybride immergée dans une boisson gazeuse.Conclusions:La résine composite de remplissage en vrac a une meilleure résistance à la rugosité de surface et une microdureté plus élevée que la nanohybride. De plus, les boissons acides affectent fortement les propriétés physiques des deux résines composites sur des périodes plus longues.

Endodontic management of central incisor associated with large periapical lesion and fused supernumerary root: a conservative approach.

Fusion and gemination are developmental anomalies of teeth that may require endodontic treatment. Fusion may cause various clinical problems related to esthetics, tooth spacing, and other periodontal complications. Additional diagnostic tools are required for the diagnosis and the treatment planning of fused tooth. The present case report describes a case of unilateral fusion of a supernumerary root to an upper permanent central incisor with large periapical lesion in which a conservative approach was used without extraction of supernumerary tooth and obturated with mineral trioxide aggregate to reach a favorable outcome.

A rare root canal configuration of bilateral maxillary first molar with 7 root canals diagnosed using cone-beam computed tomographic scanning: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: The complexity of the root canal system of maxillary molars presents a constant challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of these teeth. This case report describes the importance of a surgical operating microscope and cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging. METHODS: Root canal treatment of a left maxillary first molar with 3 roots and 7 canals was successfully performed. Seven canals were identified with the help of a surgical operating microscope and CBCT imaging. CBCT images also confirmed the 3 roots and 7 canals in the right maxillary first molar. RESULTS: CBCT images confirmed a type IV canal pattern in the distal and palatal root, whereas the mesial root had a type VIII canal pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a surgical operating microscope and CBCT imaging helps the clinician to diagnose unusual anatomy of a tooth and facilitate successful endodontic treatment.

Evaluation of effect of ultrasonic scaling on surface roughness of four different tooth-colored class V restorations: An in-vitro study.

AIMS: This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic scaling on surface roughness of four different tooth-colored class V restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 100 human extracted teeth, 20 were randomly selected for each group, marked with the outline of class V cavity. Class V cavities were prepared on facial surface of teeth of all groups except control group. These cavities were then restored with GC 2, GC 9, GC 2 LC, and Filtek Z 250 XT. All the specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 1 month. Initial surface roughness values (Ra in µm) of restorations were evaluated with the surface roughness tester. Ultrasonic instrumentation was then carried out for 60 s on the restoration surface and final roughness values were evaluated. Data were analyzed with Paired t-test, One-way ANOVA, Tukey's test. RESULTS: Mean Pre-instrumentation surface roughness was highest with GC 2, whereas it was least in case of Filtek Z 250 XT. Mean post-instrumentation surface roughness was highest with GC 2, whereas it is least in case of Filtek Z 250 XT. CONCLUSION: GC 2 LC showed highest and Filtek Z 250 XT showed least susceptibility to ultrasonic scaling.

Aesthetic Rehabilitation of Discoloured Nonvital Anterior tooth with Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching: Case Series.

Discolouration of teeth, especially the anteriores, can result in considerably cosmetic impairment in person. Combine effects of intrinsic and extrinsic colour determines the appearance of teeth. Whitening of teeth with bleaching is a more conservative therapeutic method than full crowns, veneers or composite restorations which is more invasive and expensive. Among bleaching techniques, in office bleaching with carbamide peroxide provide superior aesthetic result in short period of time with no adverse effects. This paper presents case series of tooth discolouration in non-vital tooth which was successfully bleached using 35 % carbamide peroxide. After 1 year follow up the prognosis was good with no reversal of tooth discolouration. This case report allows the better understanding of the concept of nonvital tooth bleaching with carbamide peroxide which gives a non-invasive alternative for aesthetic purpose in preserving the natural tooth structure.

A rare root canal configuration of maxillary second molar: a case report.

A thorough knowledge of root canal morphology is a prerequisite for the endodontic therapy. The maxillary molars, especially the second molars, have the most complicated root canal system in permanent dentition. There are many variations in canal number and configuration in maxillary molars. Treatment may be unsuccessful because the dentist may fail to recognize the unusual canal configuration. The present paper describes a case of a right maxillary second molar with a canal configuration rarely reported in the literature. The tooth had four roots with four root canals, two individual palatal roots (mesiopalatal and distopalatal) with their own separate canals. The mesiobuccal and distobuccal root had normal anatomy. This paper may intensify the complexity of maxillary molar variation and is intended to reinforce clinician's awareness of the rare morphology of root canals.