Age and Gender Differences in the Borrowing of Personal Stories.

BACKGROUND: In prior research, about half of undergraduate students claimed to have "borrowed" a story, by telling someone else's autobiographical memory as if it was their own. Given that borrowing stories often involves intentional fabrication, and given that there are age-related declines in lying, we hypothesized that reports of intentionally borrowing stories should decline with age. METHODS: We recruited participants who ranged in age from 18 to 86 and asked them to complete an online retrospective survey about borrowing stories. RESULTS: Consistent with our hypothesis, older age was associated with lower reports of borrowing stories. Furthermore, among people who did report borrowing a story, older age was associated with less frequent story borrowing and less recent story borrowing. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of using age-diverse samples when examining social memory phenomena. Findings based upon undergraduate students do not always replicate in other age groups.

Aberrant Multiciliogenesis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

We previously identified a novel molecular subtype of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) defined by increased expression of cilium-associated genes, airway mucin gene MUC5B, and KRT5 marker of basal cell airway progenitors. Here we show the association of MUC5B and cilia gene expression in human IPF airway epithelial cells, providing further rationale for examining the role of cilium genes in the pathogenesis of IPF. We demonstrate increased multiciliogenesis and changes in motile cilia structure of multiciliated cells both in IPF and bleomycin lung fibrosis models. Importantly, conditional deletion of a cilium gene, Ift88 (intraflagellar transport 88), in Krt5 basal cells reduces Krt5 pod formation and lung fibrosis, whereas no changes are observed in Ift88 conditional deletion in club cell progenitors. Our findings indicate that aberrant injury-activated primary ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling may play a causative role in Krt5 pod formation, which leads to aberrant multiciliogenesis and lung fibrosis. This implies that modulating cilium gene expression in Krt5 cell progenitors is a potential therapeutic target for IPF.

Smartphone-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention (OKquit) for Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline Users: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco quitlines provide effective resources (eg, nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation counseling, and text and web-based support) for those who want to quit smoking in the United States. However, quitlines reach approximately only 1%-3% of people who smoke each year. Novel, smartphone-based, and low-burden interventions that offer 24/7 access to smoking cessation resources that are tailored to current readiness to quit may increase appeal, reach, and effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions. OBJECTIVE: This study will examine the efficacy of OKquit, a low-burden smartphone-based app for smoking cessation. METHODS: Approximately 500 people who smoke cigarettes and access the Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline (OTH) will be randomized to receive standard OTH care (SC) or SC plus the novel OKquit smartphone app for smoking cessation (OKquit). All participants will use a smartphone app to complete study surveys (ie, baseline, 27 weekly surveys, brief daily check-ins, and 27-week follow-up). Upon completion of daily check-ins and weekly surveys, participants will receive either trivia type messages (SC) or messages that are tailored to current readiness to quit smoking and currently experienced lapse triggers (OKquit). In addition, those assigned to receive the OKquit app will have access to on-demand smoking cessation content (eg, quit tips, smoking cessation medication tips). It is hypothesized that participants assigned to OKquit will be more likely to achieve biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence than those assigned to SC at 27 weeks post enrollment. In addition, participants who use more OTH resources (eg, more cessation coaching sessions completed) or more OKquit resources (eg, access more quit tips) will have greater biochemically verified smoking cessation rates. RESULTS: Data collection began in September 2022 and final follow-ups are expected to be completed by May 2025. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this randomized controlled trial will determine whether the OKquit smartphone app combined with OTH care will increase smoking cessation rates over standard OTH care alone. If successful, OKquit could provide tailored intervention content at a fraction of the cost of traditional interventions. Furthermore, this type of low-burden intervention may offer a way to reach underserved populations of adults who smoke and want to quit. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05539209; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05539209. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/56827.

APOBEC3 activity promotes the survival and evolution of drug-tolerant persister cells during acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer.

APOBEC mutagenesis is one of the most common endogenous sources of mutations in human cancer and is a major source of genetic intratumor heterogeneity. High levels of APOBEC mutagenesis are associated with poor prognosis and aggressive disease across diverse cancers, but the mechanistic and functional impacts of APOBEC mutagenesis on tumor evolution and therapy resistance remain relatively unexplored. To address this, we investigated the contribution of APOBEC mutagenesis to acquired therapy resistance in a model of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. We find that inhibition of EGFR in lung cancer cells leads to a rapid and pronounced induction of APOBEC3 expression and activity. Functionally, APOBEC expression promotes the survival of drug-tolerant persister cells (DTPs) following EGFR inhibition. Constitutive expression of APOBEC3B alters the evolutionary trajectory of acquired resistance to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, making it more likely that resistance arises through de novo acquisition of the T790M gatekeeper mutation and squamous transdifferentiation during the DTP state. APOBEC3B expression is associated with increased expression of the squamous cell transcription factor ΔNp63 and squamous cell transdifferentiation in gefitinib-resistant cells. Knockout of ΔNp63 in gefitinibresistant cells reduces the expression of the p63 target genes IL1a/b and sensitizes these cells to the thirdgeneration EGFR inhibitor osimertinib. These results suggest that APOBEC activity promotes acquired resistance by facilitating evolution and transdifferentiation in DTPs, and suggest that approaches to target ΔNp63 in gefitinib-resistant lung cancers may have therapeutic benefit.

Emotional expressions affect perceptions of younger and older adults' everyday competence.

Facial expressions of emotion allow us to predict other people's intentions and behaviors. However, we often overextend these predictions to also make inferences about other people's underlying tendencies and dispositions. People with happy expressions are perceived to have stable positive traits whereas people with sad expressions are perceived to have stable negative traits. In these studies, we tested whether this extends to inferences about younger and older adults' abilities to complete fundamental activities of independent living, such as independently getting dressed, preparing food, and remembering directions. Our results showed that both younger and older adult targets were perceived to have greater everyday competence in completing activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and memory tasks when they displayed happy or neutral expressions rather than sad expressions. This pattern did not vary based upon either the target's gender or the participant's age. However, for the ADL and IADL ratings, the overgeneralization of emotions to ratings of everyday competence was greater for the older adult targets than for the younger adult targets. Drawing from the ecological approach to social perception, these results suggests that spontaneous trait inferences are most likely to occur when the age-trait association is strong. Given that perceptions of competence are also associated with behavioral ramifications, such as being subjected to patronizing behavior, having lower employment opportunities, and being seen as low in social status, our results also suggest that older adults whose facial expressions appear sad may be especially prone to these adverse outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Nursing Student's Knowledge Assessment about Chagas Disease / Evaluación del conocimiento de estudiantes de enfermería sobre la enfermedad de Chagas

Abstract Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about Chagas disease that nursing students possess in a higher education institution in the department of Santander. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study, with students of VIII and X nursing level. For the collection of information, a questionnaire based on nursing outcome indicators was applied: knowledge of the disease process related to Chagas. A univariate and bivariate descriptive analysis of the information was carried out presenting qualitative variables by absolute and relative frequencies, quantitative variables through median and range, test hypothesis by Mann Whitney U. Results: Statistically significant evidence is present in the process indicators of the disease and complications of the disease, value p <0.02. Regarding the indicator process of the disease, 48.7% of the students obtained substantial classified knowledge and 29% moderate knowledge. 55.3% have knowledge of the complications of the disease, being substantial; Similar degree of knowledge was obtained in indicators: measures to minimize the progression of the disease (60.5%) and causes or contributing factors (52.6%); in the indicator of signs and symptoms of the disease, 52.6% of the students obtained extensive knowledge, with a NOC score of 5. Conclusion: The indicator that showed a greater degree of knowledge of Chagas disease by students was signs and symptoms with extensive knowledge. This level obtained is crucial for the diagnosis, early treatment and control of the disease by the health team.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad de Chagas que poseen los estudiantes de enfermería en una institución de educación superior en departamento de Santander Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, con estudiantes de VIII y X nivel de enfermería. Para la recolección de información se aplicó un cuestionario basado en indicadores resultado de enfermería: conocimiento proceso de enfermedad relacionado con Chagas. Se realizó análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado de la información presentando variables cualitativas mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas, las variables cuantitativas a través de mediana y rango, prueba hipótesis por U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: Presenta evidencia estadísticamente significativa en los indicadores proceso de la enfermedad y complicaciones de la enfermedad, valor p < 0.02. Con relación al indicador proceso de la enfermedad, 48,7% de los estudiantes obtuvo conocimiento clasificado sustancial y el 29% conocimiento moderado. El 55.3% tiene conocimiento de las complicaciones de la enfermedad, siendo sustancial; similar grado de conocimiento fue obtenido en indicadores: medidas para minimizar la progresión de la enfermedad (60.5%) y Causas o factores contribuyentes (52.6%); en el indicador de signos y síntomas de la enfermedad, el 52,6% de los estudiantes obtuvieron un conocimiento extenso, con puntaje del NOC de 5. Conclusión: El indicador que evidenció un mayor grado de conocimiento de la enfermedad de Chagas por parte de los estudiantes, fue signos y síntomas con grado de conocimiento extenso. Este nivel obtenido, es trascendental para el diagnóstico, tratamiento precoz y control de la enfermedad por parte del equipo de salud.