RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To minimize the risk of incomplete excision of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) the macroscopic tumor margins should be adequately defined. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging tool that can provide structural and vascular information about skin cancer lesions. The study objective was to compare the presurgical delineation of facial BCC by clinical examination, histopathology, and OCT imaging in tumors undergoing full excision. METHODS: Ten patients with BCC lesions on the face were examined clinically, with OCT and histopathology at 3-mm intervals, from the clinical lesion border and beyond the resection line. The OCT scans were evaluated blinded and a delineation estimate of each BCC lesion was made. The results were compared to the clinical and histopathologic results. RESULTS: OCT evaluations and histopathology were in agreement in 86.6% of the collected data points. In three cases the OCT scans estimated a reduction of the tumor size compared to the clinical tumor border set by the surgeon. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the notion that OCT can have a role in the clinical daily practice by aiding clinicians in delineating BCC lesions before surgery.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Basocelular , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Carcinoma Basocelular/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma Basocelular/cirugía , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Cirugía de Mohs/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Preoperative short cervical length (CL) remains a major risk factor for preterm birth after laser surgery for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), but the optimal intervention to prolong pregnancy remains elusive. The objective of this study was to compare secondary methods for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancies with TTTS undergoing fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP), in the setting of a short cervix at the time of FLP, in five North American Fetal Treatment Network (NAFTNet) centers. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of data collected prospectively at five NAFTNet centers, conducted from January 2013 to March 2020. Inclusion criteria were a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy complicated by TTTS, undergoing FLP, with preoperative CL < 30 mm. Management options for a short cervix included expectant management, vaginal progesterone, pessary (Arabin, incontinence or Bioteque cup), cervical cerclage or a combination of two or more treatments. Patients were not included if the intervention was initiated solely on the basis of having a twin gestation rather than at the diagnosis of a short cervix. Demographics, ultrasound characteristics, operative data and outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was FLP-to-delivery interval. Propensity-score matching was performed, with each treatment group matched (1:1) to the expectant-management group for CL, in order to estimate the effect of each treatment on the FLP-to-delivery interval. RESULTS: A total of 255 women with a twin pregnancy complicated by TTTS and a short cervix undergoing FLP were included in the study. Of these, 151 (59%) were managed expectantly, 32 (13%) had vaginal progesterone only, 21 (8%) had pessary only, 21 (8%) had cervical cerclage only and 30 (12%) had a combination of treatments. A greater proportion of patients in the combined-treatment group had had a prior preterm birth compared with those in the expectant-management group (33% vs 9%; P = 0.01). Mean preoperative CL was shorter in the pessary, cervical-cerclage and combined-treatment groups (14-16 mm) than in the expectant-management and vaginal-progesterone groups (22 mm for both) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in FLP-to-delivery interval between the groups, nor in gestational age at delivery or the rate of live birth or neonatal survival. Vaginal progesterone was associated with a decrease in the risk of delivery before 28 weeks' gestation compared with cervical cerclage and combined treatment (P = 0.03). Using propensity-score matching for CL, cervical cerclage was associated with a reduction in FLP-to-delivery interval of 13 days, as compared with expectant management. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of pregnancies with TTTS and a short maternal cervix undergoing FLP were managed expectantly for a short cervix, establishing a high (62%) risk of delivery before 32 weeks in this condition. No treatment that significantly improved outcome was identified; however, there were significant differences in potential confounders and there were also likely to be unmeasured confounders. Cervical cerclage should not be offered as a secondary prevention for preterm birth in twin pregnancies with TTTS and a short cervix undergoing FLP. A large randomized controlled trial is urgently needed to determine the effects of treatments for the prevention of preterm birth in these pregnancies. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Asunto(s)
Cuello del Útero/cirugía , Transfusión Feto-Fetal/cirugía , Complicaciones del Embarazo/cirugía , Embarazo Gemelar , Nacimiento Prematuro/prevención & control , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/cirugía , Cerclaje Cervical , Cuello del Útero/patología , Femenino , Fetoscopía , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/patología , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: One of the main problems in the diagnostics of pediatric melanomas is the differentiation from benign dermal lesions typical for this age group, such as Spitz nevus. The biological behavior of pediatric melanomas differs considerably from that of melanomas in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cancer testis (CT) antigens are named after their typical expression pattern since they are present in various types of malignant tumors but in normal adult tissues are solely expressed in testicular germ cells. Because of this tumor-associated expression pattern, CT antigens are regarded as potential targets for vaccine-based immunotherapy of cancer and might be used as diagnostic tools in surgical pathology. In adults, melanoma is among the tumors showing a high incidence of CT antigen expression; however, while there is ample knowledge about adult melanomas, little is known about the presence of CT antigens in pediatric melanomas. Consequently, the expression of CT antigens MAGE-A1, MAGE-A4, CT7/MAGE-C1, NY-ESO-1, and GAGE was analyzed in a series of pediatric melanomas. The study was restricted to cases of metastatic disease and/or fatal outcome. A total of 12 cases were available and immunohistochemically analyzed with monoclonal antibodies (mAb). RESULTS: The expression of CT antigens was generally low and present in only 4 of 12 cases. This is in stark contrast to the expression of these antigens in adult melanomas. Moreover, the extent of expression was very limited with most cases showing only a focal CT antigen expression and only marked in very small tumor areas (<5%). CONCLUSION: Despite the low case numbers this study indicates that CT antigens are most likely not useful as diagnostic markers in pediatric melanomas or as targets for vaccine-based immunotherapy. It supports the notion that pediatric melanomas show a different biological behavior than their adult counterparts.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Antígenos Específicos del Melanoma/análisis , Melanoma/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Adolescente , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análisis , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Proteínas de la Membrana/análisis , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análisisRESUMEN
Human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells produce urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). We found that after incubation of monolayer cultures with purified native human plasminogen in serum-containing medium, bound plasmin activity could be eluted from the cells with tranexamic acid, an analogue of lysine. The bound plasmin was the result of plasminogen activation on the cell surface; plasmin activity was not taken up onto cells after deliberate addition of plasmin to the serum-containing medium. The cell surface plasmin formation was inhibited by an anticatalytic monoclonal antibody to u-PA, indicating that this enzyme was responsible for the activation. Preincubation of the cells with diisopropyl fluorophosphate-inhibited u-PA led to a decrease in surface-bound plasmin, indicating that a large part, if not all, of the cell surface plasminogen activation was catalyzed by surface-bound u-PA. In the absence of plasminogen, most of the cell surface u-PA was present in its single-chain proenzyme form, while addition of plasminogen led to formation of cell-bound two-chain u-PA. The latter reaction was catalyzed by cell-bound plasmin. Cell-bound u-PA was accessible to inhibition by endogenous PAI-1 and by added PAI-2, while the cell-bound plasmin was inaccessible to serum inhibitors, but accessible to added aprotinin and an anticatalytic monoclonal antibody. A model for cell surface plasminogen activation is proposed in which plasminogen binding to cells from serum medium is followed by plasminogen activation by trace amounts of bound active u-PA, to form bound plasmin, which in turn serves to produce more active u-PA from bound pro-u-PA. This exponential process is subject to regulation by endogenous PAI-1 and limited to the pericellular space.
Asunto(s)
Fibrosarcoma/enzimología , Péptido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Activadores Plasminogénicos/metabolismo , Plasminógeno/metabolismo , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/enzimología , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Membrana Celular/enzimología , Medios de Cultivo , Activación Enzimática , Fibrinolisina/metabolismo , Humanos , Cinética , Peso Molecular , Unión ProteicaRESUMEN
A specific surface receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) recognizes the amino-terminal growth factor-like sequence of uPA, a region independent from and not required for the catalytic activity of this enzyme. The properties of the uPA receptor (uPAR) and the localization and distribution of uPA in tumor cells and tissues suggest that the uPA/uPAR interaction may be important in regulating extracellular proteolysis-dependent processes (e.g., invasion, tissue destruction). Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), an inducer of U937 cell differentiation to macrophage-like cells, elicits a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the number of uPAR molecules as shown by binding, cross-linking, and immunoprecipitation studies. The effect of PMA is blocked by cycloheximide. Overall, the data indicate that PMA increases the synthesis of uPA. PMA treatment also causes a decrease in the affinity of the uPAR for uPA, thus uncovering another way of regulating the interaction between uPA and uPAR. In addition, the PMA treatment causes a modification of migration of the cross-linked receptor in mono- and bidimensional gel electrophoresis.
Asunto(s)
Monocitos/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacología , Recuento de Células , Línea Celular , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Precursores Enzimáticos , Humanos , Técnicas de Inmunoadsorción , Peso Molecular , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Activadores Plasminogénicos/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/biosíntesis , Receptores de Superficie Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo Uroquinasa , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The urokinase-mediated plasminogen activation system plays a central role in the extracellular proteolytic degradation reactions in cancer invasion. In this review article we discuss a number of recent findings identifying a new cellular receptor protein, uPARAP, that interacts with components of this proteolytic system. uPARAP is a high molecular weight type-1 membrane protein, belonging to the macrophage mannose receptor protein family. On the surface of certain cells, uPARAP forms a ternary complex with the pro-form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its primary receptor (uPAR). While the biological consequences of this reaction have not yet been verified experimentally, a likely event is ligand internalization because uPARAP is a constitutively recycling internalization receptor. uPARAP also binds at least one component, collagen type V, in the extracellular matrix meshwork, pointing to a potential role in proteolytic substrate presentation. Additional ligands have been proposed, including collagenase-3 and glycoproteins capable of interacting with one of the multiple carbohydrate recognition-type domains of uPARAP. In various adult tissues uPARAP is present on fibroblasts, macrophages and a subset of endothelial cells. In fetal tissues the protein has also been demonstrated in certain bone forming regions. Hypotheses on the physiological function of uPARAP include regulatory roles in extracellular proteolysis. This type of function would be likely to direct the local turnover of proteases and their substrate degradation products and thus may add to the complicated interplay between several cell types in governing restricted tissue degradation.
Asunto(s)
Lectinas de Unión a Manosa , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/fisiología , Activadores Plasminogénicos/fisiología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/fisiología , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/fisiología , Animales , Humanos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/análisis , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/química , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Péptido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Activadores Plasminogénicos/química , Unión Proteica , Receptores de Superficie Celular/análisis , Receptores de Superficie Celular/química , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo Uroquinasa , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/químicaRESUMEN
The two common genetic variants of human C3, C3 S and C3 F, were purified and characterized by SDS-PAGE, agarose gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and amino acid analysis. The difference in electrophoretic mobility between the two variants was conserved after purification, and by isoelectric focusing of the hemolytically active proteins, pI values of 5.86 and 5.81 were determined for C3 S and C3 F, respectively. Any difference in amino acid composition was too small to be detected by amino acid analysis, and the two proteins had the same molecular weight as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Asunto(s)
Complemento C3/aislamiento & purificación , Aminoácidos/análisis , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Complemento C3/genética , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Variación Genética , Humanos , Focalización Isoeléctrica , Peso MolecularRESUMEN
A polymorphic epitope in the third component of human complement was studied. This allotypic system is distinct from the electrophoretically determined C3 S/F polymorphism and is defined by the recognition of one allotype by a monoclonal antibody. Allotypic protein variants, C3F+ (reactive with this antibody) and C3S- (non-reactive with the antibody), were purified. Deglycosylation studies and N-terminal sequencing of CNBr fragments, reactive with the antibody, revealed that the polymorphic epitope was present in a beta chain fragment of mol. wt 20,000. In the intact C3 molecule, this fragment is situated with N-terminus at residue No. 202, using the numbering of the cDNA derived amino acid sequence of human prepro C3. Addition of Fab fragments from the alloselective antibody preferentially inhibited the activity of C3F+ in a haemolytic assay which is selective for the C3 activity in the alternative complement pathway.
Asunto(s)
Complemento C3/inmunología , Epítopos/análisis , Polimorfismo Genético , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Complemento C3/antagonistas & inhibidores , Complemento C3/genética , Bromuro de Cianógeno , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Humanos , Fragmentos de Péptidos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The extracellular proteolytic pathway mediated by the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a cascade system, initiated by activation of the zymogen, pro-uPA. Pro-uPA as well as uPA binds to the cellular uPA receptor (uPAR) which has a central function in cell-dependent acceleration of the cascade system. This role of uPAR is generally assumed to be a positioning effect since uPAR-expressing cells exclusively stimulate the activation of cell surface-bound plasminogen (Ellis et al. (1993) Methods Enzymol. 223, 223-233). However, it was recently reported that a recombinant, soluble uPAR (suPAR) was capable of accelerating plasminogen activation in solution (Higazi et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 17375-17380). In this work we show that suPAR as such has no accelerative role. In contrast, the progress of the activation reactions in a soluble system with pro-uPA and plasminogen was found to be attenuated by suPAR. This delay of the activation system was shown to include a partial inhibition of the plasmin-mediated activation of pro-uPA as well as of the uPA-mediated activation of plasminogen.
Asunto(s)
Activadores Plasminogénicos/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/metabolismo , Animales , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Activación Enzimática , Humanos , Plasminógeno/metabolismo , Precursores de Proteínas/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/aislamiento & purificación , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo Uroquinasa , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismoRESUMEN
Radiolabeled pro-urokinase plasminogen activator (pro-uPA) was cross-linked to a specific protein on the surface of human monocyte-like U937 cells in a reaction catalyzed by tissue transglutaminase. The conjugate formed with this unknown component had a much higher molecular weight (apparent M(r) 250,000-300,000) than the complex of pro-uPA and the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). There was a strong preference for the pro-form of uPA. The conjugate was recognized by antibodies against uPA but not by anti-uPAR antibodies. Nevertheless, the blocking of uPAR with a monoclonal antibody abolished the formation of the conjugate, thus showing a role of uPAR in this process.
Asunto(s)
Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados , Monocitos/enzimología , Transglutaminasas/metabolismo , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Membrana Celular/enzimología , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , Peso Molecular , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo Uroquinasa , Proteínas Recombinantes/análisis , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Transglutaminasas/aislamiento & purificación , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/análisis , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
We have raised four monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes within the human cell-surface receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). One of these antibodies completely abolishes the potentiation of plasmin generation observed upon incubation of the zymogens pro-u-PA and plasminogen with U937 cells. This antibody, which is also the only one to completely inhibit the binding of DFP-inactivated [125I]-u-PA to U937 cells, is directed against the u-PA binding NH2-terminal domain of u-PAR, a well-defined fragment formed by limited chymotrypsin digestion of purified u-PAR, demonstrating the functional independence of the u-PA binding domain as well as the critical role of u-PAR in the assembly of the cell-surface plasminogen activation system.
Asunto(s)
Activadores Plasminogénicos/metabolismo , Plasminógeno/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Línea Celular , Quimotripsina/metabolismo , Epítopos/inmunología , Fibrinolisina/análisis , Humanos , Cinética , Pruebas de Precipitina , Receptores de Superficie Celular/inmunología , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo Uroquinasa , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The urokinase receptor (uPAR) is a receptor for both urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and the adhesion protein vitronectin. There are two forms of cell surface-bound uPAR; intact uPAR and a cleaved form, uPAR(2+3), which is formed by uPA-catalyzed cleavage of uPAR. In ligand-blotting experiments we found that vitronectin binds uPAR but not uPAR(2+3). In real-time biomolecular interaction analysis using recombinant, soluble uPAR (suPAR) both plasma and multimeric forms of vitronectin bound to intact, antibody-immobilized suPAR. Monoclonal antibodies against domain 1 of uPAR blocked suPAR binding to vitronectin and vitronectin did not interact with suPAR(2+3). Both suPAR(2+3) and the isolated domain 1 failed to compete with the intact suPAR in binding to vitronectin. We therefore conclude that the intact receptor is required for efficient vitronectin binding.
Asunto(s)
Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Vitronectina/metabolismo , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Unión Competitiva , Técnicas Biosensibles , Humanos , Ligandos , Neuraminidasa , Inhibidor 1 de Activador Plasminogénico/farmacología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/química , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo Uroquinasa , Solubilidad , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Certain monoclonal antibodies are capable of inhibiting the biological binding reactions of their target proteins. At the molecular level, this type of effect may be brought about by completely different mechanisms, such as competition for common binding determinants, steric hindrance or interference with conformational properties of the receptor critical for ligand binding. This distinction is central when employing the antibodies as tools in the elucidation of the structure-function relationship of the protein in question. We have studied the effect of monoclonal antibodies against the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a protein located on the surface of various types of malignant and normal cells which is involved in the direction of proteolytic degradation reactions in the extracellular matrix. We show that surface plasmon resonance/biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) can be employed as a highly useful tool to characterize the inhibitory mechanism of specific antagonist antibodies. Two inhibitory antibodies against uPAR, mAb R3 and mAb R5, were shown to exhibit competitive and non-competitive inhibition, respectively, of ligand binding to the receptor. The former antibody efficiently blocked the receptor against subsequent ligand binding but was unable to promote the dissociation of a preformed receptor-ligand complex. The latter antibody was capable of binding the preformed complex, forming a transient trimolecular assembly, and promoting the dissociation of the uPA/uPAR complex. The continuous recording of binding and dissociation, obtained in BIA, is central in characterizing these phenomena. The identification of a non-competitive inhibitory mechanism against this receptor reveals the presence of a determinant which influences the binding properties of a remote site in the molecular structure and which could be an important target for a putative synthetic antagonist.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Técnicas Biosensibles , Receptores de Superficie Celular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/metabolismo , Células CHO/metabolismo , Células CHO/ultraestructura , Cricetinae , Humanos , Radioisótopos de Yodo , Ligandos , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/inmunología , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo Uroquinasa , Proteínas Recombinantes/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Solubilidad , Transfección , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Binding of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) to a specific cell surface receptor (uPAR) plays a crucial role in proteolysis during tissue remodelling and cancer invasion. An immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of uPAR has now been developed. This assay is based on two monoclonal antibodies recognizing the non-ligand binding part of this receptor, and it detects both free and occupied uPAR, in contrast to ligand-binding assays used previously. In a variant of the assay, the occupied fraction of uPAR is selectively detected with a uPA antibody. To be used as a standard, a soluble variant of uPAR, suPAR, has been constructed by recombinant technique and the protein content of a purified suPAR standard preparation was determined by amino acid composition analysis. The sensitivity of the assay (0.6 ng uPAR/ml) is strong enough to measure uPAR in extracts of cultured cells and cancer tissue. Recent studies have shown that a high uPA level in tumor extracts is in some cancers associated with poor prognosis. The present assay will now allow similar prognostic studies of uPAR levels.
Asunto(s)
Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Receptores de Superficie Celular/análisis , Aminoácidos/análisis , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Células CHO , Carcinoma/química , Neoplasias del Colon/química , Cricetinae , Humanos , Ratones , Receptores de Superficie Celular/biosíntesis , Receptores de Superficie Celular/genética , Receptores de Superficie Celular/inmunología , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo Uroquinasa , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
The soluble antigens, antigen 2 (Ag2) and antigen 6 (Ag6), were copurified from supernatants of P. falciparum in vitro cultures by affinity chromatography and Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography. Rabbit antibodies to Ag2 were raised and characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Ag2 appeared as a duplet with molecular masses of 136 and 120 kDa when tested by immunoblotting. Immunoprecipitation experiments on Triton X-100 extracted antigens from synchronized cultures showed that the antigen was synthesized in the schizont stage. Ag2 was located near the surface of schizonts in the parasitophorous vacuole and in clefts in the infected erythrocyte cytoplasma as shown by immunogold electron microscopy.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Protozoos/análisis , Plasmodium falciparum/inmunología , Adulto , Animales , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Antígenos de Protozoos/aislamiento & purificación , Contrainmunoelectroforesis , Humanos , Immunoblotting , SolubilidadRESUMEN
A 67-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis was hospitalized because of dysphagia and severe nodulosis. Over a two-year period the patient had been treated with methotrexate. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck showed a 2 x 2 cm large tumour behind the top left lateral thyroid cartilage. A biopsy taken during direct laryngoscopy showed it was a rheumatic nodule. Treatment with colchicine reduced the patient's dysphagia. As methotrexate is used increasingly in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and as this particular drug causes rheumatic nodules in five to 10 per cent of the patients, it must be foreseen that the incidence of nodules in the upper airways will increase.
Asunto(s)
Antirreumáticos/efectos adversos , Enfermedades de la Laringe/inducido químicamente , Metotrexato/efectos adversos , Nódulo Reumático/inducido químicamente , Anciano , Colchicina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Supresores de la Gota/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Enfermedades de la Laringe/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Laringe/tratamiento farmacológico , Laringoscopía , Nódulo Reumático/diagnóstico por imagen , Nódulo Reumático/tratamiento farmacológico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Using immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization, we studied the expression of the components of the plasminogen activation system during progression to malignant melanoma with fresh melanocytic lesions. Expression of these components is confined to late stages of melanoma. t-PA expression is limited to rare cases of metastatic melanoma. The other components are frequently expressed concomitantly in the same tumour. Urokinase (u-PA) is expressed in stromal cells and only in tumour cells at invasive foci, urokinase receptor (u-PAR) in tumour cells, plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1) in the intratumoral extracellular matrix and plasminogen activator inhibitor type II (PAI-2) in tumour cells and stromal cells. In order to investigate the role of u-PAR as a prognostic marker, we have developed an assay for quantitation of the receptor. As a first step towards structural investigations, we have determined the disulfide cross-links of the first domain of uPAR.
Asunto(s)
Melanoma/metabolismo , Activadores Plasminogénicos/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Activador de Plasminógeno de Tipo Uroquinasa/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Hibridación in Situ , Melanoma/patología , Melanoma/secundario , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo UroquinasaRESUMEN
A case of adnexal tumor caused by Actinomyces Israelii is reported. The patient was a 39 year-old woman admitted because of persistent fever and a palpable tumor in the right fossa. She had used an IUD for 11 years. Nine months before admission a hysterectomy had been performed due to uterine fibromyomas.
Asunto(s)
Actinomicosis/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/microbiología , Absceso Abdominal/diagnóstico , Absceso Abdominal/microbiología , Absceso Abdominal/terapia , Actinomicosis/terapia , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Ovario/patología , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/terapiaRESUMEN
A case of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis is reported. The symptoms were watery diarrhoea and abdominal pain of several months duration. Endoscopic examination of the oesophagus, ventricle, duodenum, colon and rectum was normal. Mucosal biopsies from colon and rectum revealed ganglia cells and thin nerve fibres in the lamina mucosa, giving the diagnosis ganglioneuromatosis. As a consequence of the diagnosis thyroid scintigraphy, CT-scanning of the thyroid and adrenal glands and measurement of serum calcitonin and gastrin were performed. The tests revealed an intrathoracic nodular struma, and beyond this no abnormalities. The relation of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis to Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type II b is discussed and the necessity of performing mucosal-biopsy from endoscopically normal colonic mucosa in cases of chronic diarrhoea is emphasised.
Asunto(s)
Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Neoplasias del Colon/complicaciones , Diarrea/etiología , Ganglioneuroma/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Dolor Abdominal/diagnóstico , Dolor Abdominal/patología , Enfermedad Crónica , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diarrea/diagnóstico , Diarrea/patología , Femenino , Ganglioneuroma/diagnóstico , Ganglioneuroma/patología , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias del Recto/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/patologíaRESUMEN
The frequency of hospital autopsies declined after a new autopsy law was introduced in 1990. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of autopsy over a six month period in Copenhagen county. We compared the causes of death recorded on death certificates with autopsy findings. One thousand seven hundred and four hospital deaths were followed by 534 (31%) autopsies. Neither age of the decreased nor length of the admission seemed to influence the autopsy frequency. In 20% of the autopsies we found valuable new informations compared to the causes of death recorded on the death certificates.