Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. DESIGN: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: A network of university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: The study comprises 1,380 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: The individualized group will receive intraoperative recruitment maneuvers followed by individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (open lung approach) during the intraoperative period plus postoperative ventilatory support with high-flow nasal cannula, whereas the control group will be managed with conventional lung-protective ventilation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Individual and total number of postoperative complications, including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute lung injury; unplanned readmission and reintubation; length of stay and death in the critical care unit and in the hospital will be analyzed for both groups. The authors hypothesize that the intraoperative application of an open lung approach followed by an individual indication of high-flow nasal cannula in the postoperative period will reduce pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients.

Individualised, perioperative open-lung ventilation strategy during one-lung ventilation (iPROVE-OLV): a multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether individualisation of the perioperative open-lung approach (OLA) to ventilation reduces postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing lung resection. We compared a perioperative individualised OLA (iOLA) ventilation strategy with standard lung-protective ventilation in patients undergoing thoracic surgery with one-lung ventilation. METHODS: This multicentre, randomised controlled trial enrolled patients scheduled for open or video-assisted thoracic surgery using one-lung ventilation in 25 participating hospitals in Spain, Italy, Turkey, Egypt, and Ecuador. Eligible adult patients (age ≥18 years) were randomly assigned to receive iOLA or standard lung-protective ventilation. Eligible patients (stratified by centre) were randomly assigned online by local principal investigators, with an allocation ratio of 1:1. Treatment with iOLA included an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre to 40 cm H2O of end-inspiratory pressure followed by individualised positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titrated to best respiratory system compliance, and individualised postoperative respiratory support with high-flow oxygen therapy. Participants allocated to standard lung-protective ventilation received combined intraoperative 4 cm H2O of PEEP and postoperative conventional oxygen therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of severe postoperative pulmonary complications within the first 7 postoperative days, including atelectasis requiring bronchoscopy, severe respiratory failure, contralateral pneumothorax, early extubation failure (rescue with continuous positive airway pressure, non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or reintubation), acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary infection, bronchopleural fistula, and pleural empyema. Due to trial setting, data obtained in the operating and postoperative rooms for routine monitoring were not blinded. At 24 h, data were acquired by an investigator blinded to group allocation. All analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03182062, and is complete. FINDINGS: Between Sept 11, 2018, and June 14, 2022, we enrolled 1380 patients, of whom 1308 eligible patients (670 [434 male, 233 female, and three with missing data] assigned to iOLA and 638 [395 male, 237 female, and six with missing data] to standard lung-protective ventilation) were included in the final analysis. The proportion of patients with the composite outcome of severe postoperative pulmonary complications within the first 7 postoperative days was lower in the iOLA group compared with the standard lung-protective ventilation group (40 [6%] vs 97 [15%], relative risk 0·39 [95% CI 0·28 to 0·56]), with an absolute risk difference of -9·23 (95% CI -12·55 to -5·92). Recruitment manoeuvre-related adverse events were reported in five patients. INTERPRETATION: Among patients subjected to lung resection under one-lung ventilation, iOLA was associated with a reduced risk of severe postoperative pulmonary complications when compared with conventional lung-protective ventilation. FUNDING: Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Regional Development Funds.

Manejo anestésico en paciente pediátrico con síndrome de Hurler / Anesthetic management of pediatric patient with Hurler syndrome

La mucopolisacaridosis (MPS) es un trastorno hereditario degenerativo progresivo, causado por la acumulación excesiva intralisosomal de glicoaminoglicanos en diversos tejidos. Estos cúmulos producen hipertrofia celular, produciendo alteración de las funciones y de la estructura de los tejidos involucrados. El síndrome de Hurler es un tipo de MPS caracterizado por una vía aérea difícil, considerándose la vía aérea más dificil de la anestesia pediátrica. Además pueden presentar retraso mental progresivo y miocardiopatías. Presentamos un caso de un niño de 4 años de edad diagnosticado de síndrome de Hurler sometido a anestesia general para la colocación de un reservorio en yugular interna derecha. Discutimos manejo anestésico de estos pacientes.

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a hereditary progressively degenerative disease caused by excessive intralysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in various tissues. This accumulation causes cellular hypertrophy, altering functions and the structure of the tissues involved. Hurler syndrome is a type of MPS, characterized by a difficult respiratory tract, considered the most problematic one for pediatric anesthesia; it may also present progressive mental retard and myocardiopathies. We describe a case of a 4-year-old child diagnosed with Hurler syndrome who underwent general anesthesia for placement of a reservoir in his right internal jugular vein. We analyzed the anesthetic handling of these patients.

A mucopolissacaridose (MPS) é uma doença hereditária degenerativa progressiva causada pelo acúmulo intralisossomal excessivo de glicoaminoglicanos em diversos tecidos. Esse acúmulo produz hipertrofia celular, que por sua vez altera as funções e estrutura dos tecidos envolvidos. O síndrome de Hurler é um tipo de MPS caracterizado por uma via aérea difícil, considerada a mais problemática para a anestesia pediátrica, que também pode apresentar retardo mental progressivo e miocardiopatias. Descrevemos o caso de um criança de 4 anos de idade, diagnosticada de síndrome de Hurler e submetida a anestesia geral para a colocação de um dispositivo reservatório na jugular interna direita. Analisamos o manejo anestésico destes pacientes.