Diagnostics possibilities of erythrocytes analysis by the method of laser interference microscopy.

The morphofunctional state of erythrocytes significantly changes by the onset and progression of various diseases, as well as in critical conditions, injuries, accompanied by severe tissue damage. This leads to a violation of microcirculation and has an effect on hemorheology in general. In connection with this, there is a need for the development of adequate methods for assessing the functional activity of erythrocytes. The aim of the work was to study the possibilities of laser interference microscopy in the analysis of the functional state of erythrocytes. The results allowed us to quantify the state of the phase height and phase diameter of erythrocytes. Analysis of the surface nanostructure gave a qualitative assessment of the functional activity of cells. The following patterns were revealed: the action of adrenaline causes the appearance of echinocytes with an increase in phase height and decrease phase diameter and the appearance of spicules on the surface of cells. The action of cortisol leads to a decrease in the phase height and the phase diameter with the appearance of numerous loosening of the structure of the cell surface. Moreover, the traditional method of analyzing the distribution of erythrocytes in a population by morphology (discocytes, stomatocytes, and degeneratively altered cell forms) did not reveal statistically significant differences. Thus, the results indicate that the interference microscopy method allows a qualitative assessment of the morphofunctional activity of native cells. This increases the information content of the analysis and leads to the objectification of data on the functional capabilities of erythrocytes.

[The evaluation of genotoxic effects in buccal epithelium under disorders of adaption status of organism.]

The cyto-morphologic analysis of buccal epithelium is one of technique of evaluation of adaptation status of organism and xenogeneic intoxication. The analysis of reactivity of cells of buccal epithelium is used to obtain information concerning genetic alterations in human cells that is extremely important for proper decision making related to issues of population health protection. The smoking results in manifestation of tension of adaptation mechanisms and significant increasing of risk of development cytogenetic disorders in cells of buccal epithelium of oral cavity. The study was carried out concerning morphology of buccal epithelial cells of smoking youths. The cytogram demonstrated a reliable decreasing of number of normal cells and increasing of percentage of cells with various cytogenetic alterations. The cells with micro-nuclei are observed twice more often that can be considered as an integral indicator of genetic disorders in inter phase. In smokers, among cells with signs of completion of nucleus destruction the cells with karyorrhexis are registered reliably more often. The results of micro-nucleus test are an unfavorable prognostic indication testifying high degree of genotoxicity of tobacco smoke and meaning a disorder of cytogenetic homeostasis and decreasing of adaptation reserve of organism.

[Theoretical study of fluorescence of photosynthetic pigments at complex dependence of intensity of exciting light on time].

Now the methods using the radiance with complex dependence of light intensity on time are applied to research of photosynthesis by means of fluorescence, exciting photosynthetic pigments. One of these methods is applied in PAM-fluorometers--the commercial devices currently widely used to investigate a state of photosynthesizing systems. However, if excitation is performed in this way, the question, what components of fluorescence are registered at an output of such devices, remains to be open-ended. In this work an attempt to analyse this task has been made.

[Molecular genetic determinants of intraspecific polymorphism of the phytopathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica].

The review summarizes the current evidence on the phytopathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, which is a classic object for studying hypovirulence. Phenotypic manifestations of hypovirulence and themolecular mechanisms of action of the mycovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus (CHV) infecting the fungus are described in detail. Genetic determinants of vegetative incompatibility in C. parasitica (a phenomenon increasing polymorphism of the fungus and preventing CHV expansion) are considered. The data on C. parasitica polymorphism are correlated with the data on the distribution of different CHV species in the European, American, and Asian populations of the fungus.

[The role of altered respiratory mechanics and systemic inflammation in the development of dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Evaluation of the state of respiratory muscles during lung hyperinflation and their role in the development of dyspnea in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease involved 18 patients with stage III-IV disease (mean age 66.1 +/- 6.5 yr; mean duration of the disease 16.7 +/- 8.4 yr). It included measurements of static lung volume, bronchodilatation response to beta-2 adrenomimetic, strength of respiratory muscles (from maximum inhalation and exhalation pressure) and levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) combined with high-resolution CT. It was found that markedly decreased muscular strength and enhanced dyspnea in more than half of the patients were more closely associated with bronchospastic reaction and systemic inflammatory oedema than with hyperinflation. These data confirm priority of anti-inflammatory therapy in patients with severe COPD suffering marked decrease of respiratory muscle strength and positively responding to beta-2 adrenomimetic.

[Comparative assessment of electroencephalographic readings and perfusion index in patients in the perioperative period and coma].

Different monitoring modes are used to estimate the depth of anesthesia. Electroencephalography (EEG) is employed as a method of an electrophysiological study of brain function both during anesthesia and at the neuroresuscitative stage and changes in the peripheral vascular bed are evaluated by means of the perfusion index (PI). The purpose of the study was to comparatively analyze the use of EEG readings and PI at different stages of surgery and in coma of various etiologies. Thirty female patients aged 30-70 years (Group 1) operated on under general anesthesia were examined. Group 2 consisted of 14 intensive care unit patients of both sexes and different ages (range, 3 to 60 years) who had depressed consciousness to the comatose level. The association established between the changes in EEG reading and PI in the perioperative period allows estimation of the depth and adequacy of anesthesia, by analyzing the changes in both EEG and PI. Unlike central hemodynamic parameters, PI shows an earlier response to nociception. Group 2 patients had also synchronous changes in EEG and PI characteristics in various clinical conditions.

SPS technique for ionizing radiation source fabrication based on dense cesium-containing core.

The work presents a novel method for fabrication of the high-quality ionizing radiation source (IRS), which is promising to replace unsafe commercial products based on 137CsCl prohibited by IAEA. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique has been applied to produce dense ceramic and glass-ceramic matrixes from Cs-containing (˜13.5 wt.%) zeolite yielding in non-dispersible cores sealed in the container of radiation-resistant steel (J93503, US standard). One-stage SPS regimes to provide high-quality product have been optimized: sintering temperature <1000 °C, heating and holging duration 13 and 5 min, respectively, pressure 24.5 MPa. XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, XFS and solid-state MAS NMR 133Cs methods prove exceptional physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics of the obtained materials, namely: density 99.8% from theoretical, compressive strength ˜477 MPa, leaching rate 10-4-10-6 g cm-2 day-1. Results of the investigation can be promising for fabrication of the IRS cores on a large scale as done for similar Russian products RSL, IGI-C, M37C, GID-C.

[Estimation of the sweat composition of fatty acids].

Changes in the fatty acid composition of sweat lipid were studied in persons whose activity was associated with military service. There were significant changes in essential fatty acids of sweat lipids, which made it possible to use this noninvasive biological object as a criterion for rating dysadaptive processes in armed forces personnel.

[A mathematical model of delayed luminescence oscillations of higher plants and analysis of the reaction rates calculated by the model].

The oscillatory regime of delayed millisecond luminescence was obtained by the model developed earlier. We compared the rates of changes in the concentrations of some of the metabolites calculated by the model with the rates calculated by other known models. The results of calculations for the changes in metabolite concentrations after switching off the light were compared with experimental data.

[The effect of the amount of dialdehyde cellulose-bound enzyme on the activity of immobilized trypsin after gamma irradiation and in the storage process]. / Vliianie kolichestva sviazannogo s dial'degidtselliulozoi fermenta na aktivnost' immobilizovannogo tripsina posle gamma-oblucheniia i v protsesse khraneniia.

It is found the complex effect of the bound enzyme concentration on the proteolytic activity of trypsin immobilized to dialdehydecellulose (preriodate oxidation) after gamma irradiation and in process of storage. It is shown the occurrence of three stages of immobilized enzyme inactivation in process of immobilization and storage. The velocity of inactivation did not depend on bound trypsin concentration. The ratio of proteolytic activity of samples before and after gamma irradiation was increased with the increase of immobilized to carrier enzyme concentration and was not change (in range of experiment error) in process of storage. The results were compared with that of crystalline trypsin.