Evaluation of the Concept of Value-Based Healthcare Applied to an Integrated Palliative Care Program in Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the "Value-Based Healthcare" concept of an integrated palliative care (PC) program in Bogotá, Colombia, through the measurement of health outcomes and care costs in the last 3 months of life. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study that included patients ≥18 years old who died in 2020 due to medical conditions amenable to PC. The measured health outcomes included pain, wellbeing, comfort, quality of life (QOL), and satisfaction. We analyzed the behavior of overall care costs during the last 3 months of the patients' lives and controlled for the effect of exposure to the program, considering the disease type and insurance coverage, using a linear regression model, nearest-neighbor matching, and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Among patients exposed to the program, the mean pain score was 2.1/10 (± 1.3) and wellbeing was rated at 3.5/10 (± 1.0), comfort at 1.6/24 (± 1.3), QOL at 3.6/5.0 (± 0.17), and satisfaction at 9.3/100 (± 0.15). The positive changes in these scores were greater for patients who remained in the program for over 3 months. Cost reduction was demonstrated in the last 90 days of life, with statistically significant and chronologically progressive savings during the last 30 days of life exceeding 5 million pesos per patient (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the success of PC in reducing pain, improving wellbeing and QOL, providing comfort, and ensuring high levels of satisfaction. Moreover, PC is an effective value-based healthcare strategy and can significantly enhance the efficiency of healthcare services by reducing end-of-life healthcare costs.

Risk factors associated with penile prosthesis infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with infection in patients who undergo penile prosthesis implantation. METHODS: We performed a systematic review/meta-analysis, including clinical trials, quasi-experiments, retrospective and prospective cohort studies, and case-control studies. Searching was done in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. Participants were patients who had erectile dysfunction, regardless of the etiology, and underwent penile prosthesis implantation. Two researchers reviewed each reference by title and abstract. The statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan® 5.3). RESULTS: A total of 513 studies were found with the search strategies. After excluding duplicates, 40 studies with a total of 175,592 patients were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Among patient characteristics, we found that diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression appear to have increase odds of infection. Related to the procedure, infection-retardant-coated penile prosthesis and primary (first) surgery appear to lower odds of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression were associated with increased infection rates; infection-retardant coating of the prosthesis and primary surgery were associated with reduced infection rates.

Combination High Flow Priapism With Low Flow Priapism: Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Priapism is defined as a persistent penile erection lasting longer than 4 hours and unrelated to sexual activity. It is one of the most common emergencies treated by urologists. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of various types of priapism have led to targeted management strategies according to type of priapism. AIM: The aims of this article is report the case of a 24-year-old man who was presented in the emergency department with a combination of high flow priapism with low flow priapism. METHODS: This case report documents the case of a patient who presented in the emergency department with a high flow priapism that then became to a ischemic priapism. CONCLUSION: Priapism is one of the most common emergencies treated by urologists. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of various types of priapism have led to targeted management strategies as was shown in our case. Carvajal A, Benavides JA. Combination High Flow Priapism With Low Flow Priapism: Case Report. Sex Med 2019;7:111-113.

A New Technique for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Using Retrograde Ureteroscopy and Laser Fiber to Achieve Percutaneous Nephrostomy Access: The Initial Case Report.

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) serves as the gold standard minimally invasive procedure to remove large renal stones. The puncture is made from the skin to the chosen calix under fluoroscopic guidance, although this remains a challenging technique. We describe the initial case of retrograde holmium laser acquired nephrostomy access. Case Presentation: In this study, we present the case of a 48-year-old woman with right renal colic with imaging revealing a 2.6 cm staghorn stone. With institutional approval, we performed a new technique utilizing retrograde access with a flexible ureteroscope and a holmium laser fiber to achieve nephrostomy access for PCNL in the prone position. With the ureteroscope confirmed in the desired calix, the ureteroscope and laser fiber were aimed and fired toward the flank and thus creating a subcostal nephrostomy tract. PCNL was then carried out per standard of care lithotripsy techniques utilizing the holmium laser. Conclusion: In this initial case, percutaneous retrograde laser access allowed for desired caliceal nephrostomy access under direct vision.

Reconstrucción de pene luego de necrosis de glande por priapismo / Penile Reconstruction after Glans Necrosis by Priapism

Introducción El priapismo se define como una erección parcial o completa que dura más de 4 horas en ausencia de estímulo sexual. Se clasifica en isquémico, no isquémico e intermitente. El primero corresponde a la mayoría de casos y puede producirse por un estímulo sexual o por medicamentos. El manejo inicial consiste en la aspiración de los cuerpos cavernosos y la inyección de simpaticomiméticos. Cuando esas medidas fallan, el manejo quirúrgico está indicado. Entre las complicaciones más frecuentes está la disfunción eréctil, sin embargo, en la literatura, hay muy pocos reportes de necrosis de pene. Descripción del Caso Clínico Paciente de 60 años de edad que presentó priapismo isquémico luego de la inyección intracavernosa de prostaglandina E. Viene a consulta y le realizan lavado de cuerpos cavernosos con inyección de simpaticomiméticos que no fue exitoso; por lo que le realizan fístula espongio-cavernosa distal (Al-Ghorab) y rafia de uretra por lesión advertida. Consulta nuevamente por persistencia de edema, áreas necróticas y sangrado en glande. Se decidió iniciar manejo médico. Presentó evolución estacionaria y aumento en necrosis por lo que se derivó con cistostomía y se realizó desbridamiento de tejido necrótico inicialmente. Posteriormente se realizó Reconstrucción peneana + Uretroplastia peneana + Lavado desbridamiento de tejidos + Cistoscopia con buena evolución clínica. Conclusiones Existen diferentes factores de riesgo para presentar priapismo de origen isquémico como es la inyección de medicamentos intracavernosos. La principal complicación que se presenta es la disfunción eréctil. Sin embargo, hay pocos casos descritos de necrosis de glande. En el caso de nuestro paciente se plantean diferentes hipótesis como factores contribuyentes a la necrosis como son el uso de simpaticomiméticos y/o la desvascularización del glande posterior a la cirugía. Al enfocar ese tipo de paciente, es indispensable realizar un adecuado manejo inicial para prevenir ese tipo de complicación que, aunque es poco frecuente, puede resultar catastrófica.

Introduction Priapism is defined as a prolonged and persistent penile erection that is unrelated to sexual stimulation and lasts longer than 4 hours in duration. It is classified as ischemic (low flow), non-ischemic (high flow), and stuttering (recurrent). Ischemic priapism is the most frequent. Initial treatment consists of corpora cavernosa aspiration. When it fails, surgical treatment is indicated. Erectile dysfunction is a frequent complication, however glans necrosis has been reported too. Case Report A 60 year-old patient with ischemic priapism after prostaglandin E intracavernous injection consulted. Initial treatment was corpora cavernosa aspiration without detumecense and then a distal espongio-cavernous fistula was done. Some days later, he presented edema, bloods and necrotic areas in his glands. Conservative medical treatment was done without success and a surgical treatment was considered. Reconstructive procedure was done with good evolution. Conclusions Ischemic priapism could be presented after intracavernous injection with low frequency. However, an appropriate treatment has to be done to prevent complications as penile necrosis. In this patient, there are some risk factors that could be contribute to glans necrosis as simpatico-mimetics used, lost of vascularization with surgery. When focusing on this type of patient, it is essential to carry out an adequate initial management to prevent this type of complication that, although rare, can result catastrophic

Reporte de caso: nueva técnica para el manejo de hipospadias refractaria en niños / Case Report: New Surgical Technique for the Management of Refractory Hypospadias in Children

Introducción y Objetivos Las hipospadias son una malformación congénita de la uretra que resulta en un desplazamiento ventral anormal de la uretra. La corrección quirúrgica requiere del adecuado entendimiento de la anatomía ya que el objetivo es crear un pene con una función y apariencia normal. Aún no hay consenso sobre cuál es la mejor técnica quirúrgica, pero el manejo multidisciplinario puede ofrecer alternativas diferentes en casos complejos. Por esa razón, se realizó en conjunto con cirugía plástica un colgajo en varios tiempos que es utilizado generalmente para cubrir defectos de tejidos blandos obteniendo muy buenos resultados. Materiales y Métodos Se describe el caso de un paciente con antecedente de hipospadias con correción previa fallida a quien se le realizó manejo conjunto con cirugía plástica; realizando un colgajo inguinal en varios tiempos más uretroplastia con injerto de mucosa oral. Resultados Paciente de 6 años con antecedente de hipospadias con uretroplastias fallidas. Al examen físico presentaba un pene con hipospadias severa y con cicatriz ventral por procedimientos previos que causaba curvatura. Fue valorado por cirugía plástica quien realizo un Colgajo pediculado inguinal en varios tiempos con interposición de material no absorbible. Cinco meses después, se realizó la uretroplastia con injerto de mucosa oral con rotación e inversión de la parte distal del colgajo para reconstruir el techo de la uretra distal. Conclusiones Las hipospadias son una malformación congénita compleja de corregir que en varias ocasiones requiere de un trabajo multidisciplinario para ofrecerle al paciente otras opciones de manejo con buenos resultados a largo plazo, sobre todo, cuando las técnicas convencionales han fallado.

Introduction Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly of the male urethra that results in abnormal ventral placement of the urethral opening. Surgical correction requires proper understanding of the penis anatomy to create a penis with normal function and appearance. Actually, there is no consensus about the best surgical technique, but multidiciplinary management may offer different alternatives in complex cases as was done in this case. Materials and Methods: We describe the case of a patient with a previous failed hypospadias correction who underwent joint management with plastic surgery; making an inguinal flap plus urethroplasty with oral mucosa graft. Results a 6 years-old patient with history of previous surgical hypospadias correction which failed, consulted at the service.The physical examination showed a penis with severe hypospadias and with ventral scar by previous procedures that caused curvature. It was evaluated by plastic surgery who performed an inguinal pedicle flap by stages with interposition of non-absorbable material. 5 months later, urethroplasty with oral mucosa graft was performed with rotation and inversion of the distal flap to reconstruct the roof of the distal urethra. Conclusions Hypospadias are a complex congenital malformation. Surgical management is a challenge. In most difficult cases a multidisciplinary approach is necessary.

Guía colombiana para el manejo integral de la estrechez de uretra / Colombian Guideline for the Integral Management of the Urethral Stricture

La estrechez de uretra es definida como la disminución anormal en el calibre de la luz de la uretra que puede estar o no asociado a la fibrosis de los tejidos circundantes (uretra posterior), o del cuerpo esponjoso (uretra anterior). Esa patología es causada por diferentes condiciones como la inflamación, la infección, trauma o secundario a iatrogenia por diferentes mecanismos y en algunos casos en los cuales no se determina la etiología, se define como idiopática. La sintomatología no es específica y se puede sobreponer con otras condiciones que incluyen síntomas del tractor urinario inferior (LUTS) e infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) que pueden confundir el diagnóstico.

Urethral stricture is defined as an abnormal decrease in the caliber of the urethral lumen that may or may not be associated with fibrosis of the surrounding tissues (posterior urethra), or of the corpus spongiosum (anterior urethra). This pathology is caused by different conditions such as inflammation, infection, trauma or secondary to iatrogenic by different mechanisms and in some cases in which the etiology is not determined, it is defined as idiopathic. The symptomatology is not specific and can be superimposed with other conditions including lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary tract infections (UTI) that can confuse the diagnosis.