Feasibility of a Physical Training Intervention With Music in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Physical activity performed with music activates important brain areas associated with cognition, emotions, and motor skills. Limited information is available on the feasibility and acceptability of physical activity and music interventions. The current study aimed to (a) determine the feasibility of a physical training intervention with music in older women, and (b) describe the differences between pretest and posttest variables (i.e., cognitive state, immediate memory, executive function, gait parameters [cadence and gait speed], muscle strength, flexibility, and symptoms of depression). Results suggest that the intervention with physical training and music was feasible, given the high acceptability and retention rates, high level of attendance at the sessions, and absence of adverse events. Significant improvements were observed in immediate memory (p ≤ 0.01), executive function (p ≤ 0.05), cadence (p ≤ 0.01), leg strength (p ≤ 0.01), right arm strength (p ≤ 0.01), left arm strength (p ≤ 0.05), symptoms of depression (p ≤ 0.01), and left lower body flexibility (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, a randomized clinical trial with a larger sample could confirm the effects of this intervention on memory, executive function, cadence, leg strength, arm strength, symptoms of depression, and left lower body flexibility. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(11), 37-43.].

The effect of an Internet-based intervention designed to reduce HIV/AIDS sexual risk among Mexican adolescents.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of an Internet-based intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors and increase resilience to sexual risk behaviors among Mexican adolescents, a key HIV/AIDS risk group. METHODOLOGY: The study had a quasi-experimental design with single-stage cluster sampling. Participants ages 14-17 were stratified by gender and randomly assigned to either receive intervention "Connect" (which included face-to-face and Internet-based sessions designed to reduce sexual risk behaviors and increase resilience to sexual risk) or control (a general educational video on reducing health risks). A total of 9 survey instruments were administered online through SurveyMonkey pre- and post-intervention to assess changes in sexual risk and protective factors as well as two outcomes of interest: risky sexual behaviors and resilience. Pearson correlation assessed instrument reliability while multivariable linear regression models assessed two study hypotheses: (1) the effect of the intervention on sexual behavior and resilience is mediated by adolescent age, gender, and sexual experience and (2) risk and protective factors are mediators between the intervention and sexual behavior. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 193 adolescents between 14 and 17 years old (n = 96 in the control group and n = 97 in the experimental group). Survey instruments were reliable. Age was associated with pre-to-post test changes in sexual resilience (ß = -6.10, p = .019), which partially mediated the effect of the intervention on sexual resilience (ß = 5.70, p = .034). Social support was associated with pre-to-post test changes in risky sexual behavior (ß = -0.17, p = .039). CONCLUSION: Intervention "Connect" was independently associated with improved self-reported resilience to risky sexual behaviors, though not with a reduction in those behaviors in multivariate analyses. This is the first Internet-based intervention designed to reduce HIV/AIDS sexual risk among Mexican adolescents.

[HIV risk perception and safe sex in migrants from the northern border of Mexico]. / Percepción de riesgo para VIH y sexo seguro en migrantes de la frontera norte de México.

INTRODUCTION: In 2019, 9,828 new cases of HIV and 5,825 of AIDS were detected in Mexico, the migrant population is considered highly vulnerable, which is presumed to be due to unfavorable conditions in their transit through the country, an important variable in the context of sexual health is the perception that they may have about being or not at risk. A study of perception of contracting HIV can have important implications for health. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the perception of risk for HIV and safe sex in migrants from the northern border of Mexico. METHODS: The design was predictive correlational and cross-sectional, sample of 302 migrants from two border cities of Tamaulipas, systematic random probability sampling. RESULTS: It was found that about 90% were men with a mean age of (M = 33,25, SD = 9,62) years, in general, migrants have a low perception of risk for HIV and this was correlated with safe sex (rs = -,134, p =,020), furthermore, a regression analysis showed that the perception of risk for HIV has a predictive effect on safe sex (ß = -, 143, F = 6,27 [gl=1,300], p = 0,013), CONCLUSION: Migrants are a group that requires interest in the field of research related to sexuality, despite being a vulnerable group and identified as at risk, their perception of acquiring HIV is low, this variable should be considered of importance in future research in the sexual field of migrants, because it can be used in conjunction with others as a model or as a mediator.

Factors Associated With the Role of Parents for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus in Mexican Adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The parental role is key for the prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) in adolescents; however, there are factors that can facilitate or inhibit its performance. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the role of parents for prevention of HPV in their adolescent children. METHOD: A descriptive correlational study design included a convenience sample of 582 Mexican parents, whose son or daughter, 13 to 15 years of age, was in either the second or third year of high school. Data analyses included multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Factors related to the role of parents included knowledge about HPV (rs = 0.180, p < .01), perceived risk to contract HPV (rs = 0.148, p < .01), self-efficacy for sexual communication with adolescents (rs = 0.507, p < .01), and attitude toward prevention of HPV (rs = 0.272, p < .01). Self-efficacy for sexual communication with adolescents and attitude toward prevention of HPV positively influenced the parental role, explaining 28.8% of the variance, F(4, 577) = 59.80, p < .001. CONCLUSIONS: Parents with positive attitudes regarding prevention of HPV and who perceive self-efficacy in communicating sexuality issues with their adolescent children, develop a preventative role.

Multilevel elements associated with HIV serosorting for sexual encounters: a scoping literature review.

A scoping literature review to identify the multilevel HIV serosorting related elements was developed. Articles from EBSCO, PubMed, PsyNET and Science Direct with serosort* or serosorting at the tittle or abstract, written in English or Spanish were included. No restriction in type of population or design were applied. 239 records were retrieved after duplicates removed, but 181 references were extracted for full-text review. Individual level: HIV knowledge, serostatus, risk perceptions, abilities to disclose and for condom use negotiation, motivations, use of drugs, stigma, attitudes toward condom use, and perceptions/beliefs about the HIV and related treatments, HIV infection rates/testing and behavioral factors. Interpersonal level: social networks, abilities (sexual behavior negotiation, and communication). Community level: stigma, social norms, access to HIV related services. Structural level: political context, HIV related funding and public policies. HIV Serosorting is not solely an interpersonal behavior it involves multilevel elements that must be acknowledged by professionals and stakeholders.

[Interpersonal factors as predictors of sexual self-esteem in women in Northeast Mexico]. / Factores interpersonales como predictores de la autoestima sexual en mujeres del noreste de México.

OBJECTIVE: Sexual self-esteem has generated results that make clear their impact on sexual health, which is forged by interactions with other people. For this reason, the goal of this study is to evaluate if the variables time spent with the partner, number of sexual partners, support of the couple, sexual assertiveness and partner violence predict sexual self-esteem in women in Northeast Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Predictive and correlational study. The sample consisted of 605 women users of primary health care centers. As inclusion criteria, it was considered that participants were between 18 and 40 years of age (M=27.68; TD=6.52), who maintained a relationship of at least three months and with sexual activity within that relationship. RESULTS: Couple support, partner violence and sexual assertiveness behaved as predictive factors, accounting for 32% of sexual self-esteem in women (F=52.410, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Interpersonal factors are key elements in the understanding and evaluation of sexual self-esteem in women. These findings will support the improvement of the sexual health of this population, who are a vulnerable group to sexual problems in Mexico.

[Use of online sexual material and safe sex in men who have sex with men]. / Uso de material sexual en línea y sexo seguro en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual material online has represented, from its origins, an important role in the life of men who have sex with men. Internet, which has become a vehicle without restriction for its access, has favored an increase in the use of this material, and has had an impact on the sexual behavior of these men. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of online sexual material influences safe sexual behavior in men who have sex with men. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An analytical observational study was conducted, with a sample of 251 men who have sex with men from a city in northeastern Mexico. The respondent driven sampling was used, an ad hoc sociodemographic and sexuality data questionnaire was applied, and a questionnaire to measure the use of online sexual material and questionnaire on safe sexual behavior. RESULTS: The simple linear regression model shows that the use of online sexual material negatively influences safe sexual behavior (R2=0.062; F[1,249]=16.937; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide the guideline to continue with studies in the investigation of said sociocultural variable and its consideration is proposed in the programs focused on the prevention of HIV in this population.

Perceived risk and decisional balance to HIV testing in men who have sex with men from Monterrey, Mexico. / Riesgo percibido y balance decisional hacia la prueba del VIH en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres de Monterrey, México.

The perceived risk to HIV and the decisional balance (pros and cons) towards HIV testing are fundamental aspects for understanding the motivation of men who have sex with men to engage in behaviours that reduce or increase the risk of infection with the virus. OBJECTIVES: To describe the perceived risk of HIV and the decisional balance towards HIV testing and determine the association between perceived risk and the decisional balance towards HIV testing of men who have sex with men. METHOD: Descriptive correlational design, we used respondent-driven sampling, with which we recruited 202 men who have sex with men. RESULTS: Mean age of 27.79 (SD=8.13), 66.3% reported low perceived risk to HIV. The most significant pros were: "If I had HIV I would not want to infect anyone else" (95%) and "I would like to be sure I did not have HIV to tell my sexual partner" (90.6%). The most significant cons were: "I am afraid of the needle used for the HIV test" (53%), "people could reject me if they had HIV" (78.7%). Finally, there was a correlation between the perceived risk and the decisional balance towards HIV testing (rs=.759, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Given such data, in future interventions it is important to consider information about the importance of HIV testing on a regular basis, as well as actions to increase the perception of vulnerability to HIV in this population.

Multilevel elements associated with HIV serosorting for sexual encounters: a scoping literature review / Elementos multinivel asociados a seroclasificación por VIH en encuentros sexuales: revisión de alcance de la literatura

Abstract A scoping literature review to identify the multilevel HIV serosorting related elements was developed. Articles from EBSCO, PubMed, PsyNET and Science Direct with serosort* or serosorting at the tittle or abstract, written in English or Spanish were included. No restriction in type of population or design were applied. 239 records were retrieved after duplicates removed, but 181 references were extracted for full-text review. Individual level: HIV knowledge, serostatus, risk perceptions, abilities to disclose and for condom use negotiation, motivations, use of drugs, stigma, attitudes toward condom use, and perceptions/beliefs about the HIV and related treatments, HIV infection rates/testing and behavioral factors. Interpersonal level: social networks, abilities (sexual behavior negotiation, and communication). Community level: stigma, social norms, access to HIV related services. Structural level: political context, HIV related funding and public policies. HIV Serosorting is not solely an interpersonal behavior it involves multilevel elements that must be acknowledged by professionals and stakeholders.

Resumen Se desarrolló una revisión de alcance de la literatura para identificar elementos multinivel relacionados a la seroclasificación de VIH. Se incluyeron artículos de EBSCO, PubMed y Science Direct con serosort* o serosorting en título o resumen, escritos en Inglés o Español. No se aplicaron restricciones por tipo de población y diseño. Después de remover duplicados, se recuperaron 239 records, solo 181 referencias se extrajeron para revisión a texto completo. Nivel individual: Conocimiento del VIH, seroestado, percepciones de riesgo, habilidades para develar el seroestado y negociar el condón, motivaciones, uso de drogas, estigma, actitudes sobre uso del condón, y percepciones/ creencias acerca del VIH y tratamientos, tasas de infección y tamizaje de VIH, factores conductuales. Nivel interpersonal: redes sociales, habilidades (negociación de la conducta sexual, y comunicación). Nivel comunitario: Estigma, normas sociales, acceso a servicios de VIH. Nivel estructural: contexto político, políticas públicas y financiamiento relacionado al VIH. La seroclasificación de VIH no es solamente una conducta interpersonal, incluye elementos multinivel que deben ser reconocidos por los profesionales de salud y tomadores de decisiones.

Prototipo móvil para fomentar el uso de condón en jóvenes mexicanos: un estudio de caso / Mobile Prototype for the Promotion of Condom Use in Mexican Youth: a Case Study

Se han utilizado aplicaciones móviles para promover el uso del condón que carecen de fundamento teórico y no consideran la opinión de los usuarios en su desarrollo por lo que han sido evaluadas negativamente. El objetivo fue desarrollar y evaluar una aplicación móvil para promover el uso correcto y consistente del condón en jóvenes mexicanos con riesgo de VIH, basado en enfoque de pensamiento de diseño centrado en el usuario. Utilizando metodología cualitativa se realizaron tres fases. En la primera fase, inspiración, se identificaron las necesidades de 9 jóvenes con respecto al uso del prototipo. En la segunda fase, ideación, se transformaron estas necesidades en soluciones y se validaron en 15 jóvenes. En la tercera fase, implementación, se realizó una prueba de usabilidad en otros 15 jóvenes. En conclusión, este enfoque ofreció una solución práctica para el desarrollo de un prototipo móvil para fomentar el uso de condón en jóvenes(AU)

Mobile applications have been used to promote the use of condoms, but those have no theoretical basis and do not consider the opinion of users in their development, which is why they have been evaluated negatively. The objective was to develop and evaluate a mobile application to promote the correct and consistent use of the condom in youth at risk of HIV, based on a user-centered design thinking approach. Using qualitative methodology, three phases were carried out. In the first phase, inspiration, the needs of 9 young people were identified with respect to the use of the prototype. In the second phase, ideation, these needs were transformed into solutions and validated in 15 youths. In the third phase, implementation, a usability test was conducted on other 15 youths. In conclusion, this approach offered a practical solution for the development of a mobile prototype to encourage the use of condoms in young people(AU)

Validación de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale en mujeres mexicanas / Validation of the Sexual Assertiveness Scale in Mexican Women

RESUMEN La asertividad sexual constituye una dimensión fundamental de la sexualidad humana por su relación con distintos indicadores de la salud sexual. Es la capacidad de las personas para iniciar la actividad sexual, rechazar la actividad sexual no deseada y emplear métodos anticonceptivos y así desarrollar comportamientos saludables. Esta se mide a través de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS). Hasta la fecha, la SAS no se ha validado en población mexicana, por lo que se considera importante examinar sus propiedades psicométricas en esta población. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo validar la SAS en una muestra de 202 mujeres mexicanas. Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se confirmó la estructura trifactorial del SAS: inicio, rechazo y embarazo-enfermedades de transmisión sexual (CFI = .953; TLI = .927). Asimismo, se obtuvo una confiabilidad adecuada en las tres subescalas y, de forma global (<±> = .85), sus puntuaciones correlacionaron significativamente en la dirección esperada con autoestima sexual y depresión rasgo. Se concluye que la SAS presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas en población femenina mexicana.

ABSTRACT Given its relationship to various indicators of sexual health, sexual assertiveness is a fundamental dimension of human sexuality. This is defined as the ability that people have to initiate sexual activity, refuse unwanted sexual activity, and use contraceptive methods, thereby developing healthy behaviours - which can be measured using the Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS). To date, the SAS has not been validated in the Mexican population, albeit it is considered important to examine the psychometric properties of the latter. Therefore, to the aim of this study was to validate the SAS in a sample of 202 Mexican women. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the SAS: initiation, rejection, and pregnancy-sexually transmitted diseases (CFI = .953; TLI = .927). Similarly, adequate reliability was obtained in the three subscales and overall (<±> = .85). Their scores significantly correlated in the expected direction with sexual self-esteem and the trait depression. It is concluded that the SAS has psychometric properties which are acceptable in Mexican women.

Revisión sistemática de predictores socioculturales y psicológicos de conductas sexuales de riesgo para VIH en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres / Systematic review of socio-cultural and psychological predictors of sexual risk behaviors for HIV in men who have sex with men

El propósito del presente trabajo fue revisar de manera sistemática los predictores de las conductas sexuales de riesgo para VIH/SIDA de los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres. Se realizaron búsquedas de artículos en 12 bases de datos electrónicas. Se utilizaron combinaciones de 11 palabras claves de acuerdo al Medical Subject Headings. Se siguió la guía Critical Appraisal Skills Program en español para seleccionar los estudios incluidos en el análisis. De 309, 10 investigaciones de tipo correlacional cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y de evaluación. Se concluye que el nivel de escolaridad, ingresos, red social, homofobia internalizada y machismo destacan entre los predictores socioculturales; identidad sexual, autoeficacia, actitudes hacia el uso del preservativo y conocimiento sobre VIH/SIDA destacan entre los predictores psicológicos.

The purpose of this paper was to review systematically the predictors of sexual risk behavior for HIV/AIDS of men who have sex with men. It was searched articles within 12 electronic databases. It was used 11 keywords combinations according to Medical Subject Headings. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program in Spanish was followed to select the studies included in the analysis. Ten of 309 correlational researches met the selection criteria, and evaluation criteria. It is concluded that education level, income, internalized homophobia, social network and machismo highlighted among socio-cultural predictors; and sexual identity, self-effi cacy, attitudes towards condom use and knowledge about HIV/AIDS highlighted among psychological predictors.