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1.
J Med Genet ; 59(6): 559-567, 2022 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33820833

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is characterised by congenital joint contractures in two or more body areas. AMC exhibits wide phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Our goals were to improve the genetic diagnosis rates of AMC, to evaluate the added value of whole exome sequencing (WES) compared with targeted exome sequencing (TES) and to identify new genes in 315 unrelated undiagnosed AMC families. METHODS: Several genomic approaches were used including genetic mapping of disease loci in multiplex or consanguineous families, TES then WES. Sanger sequencing was performed to identify or validate variants. RESULTS: We achieved disease gene identification in 52.7% of AMC index patients including nine recently identified genes (CNTNAP1, MAGEL2, ADGRG6, ADCY6, GLDN, LGI4, LMOD3, UNC50 and SCN1A). Moreover, we identified pathogenic variants in ASXL3 and STAC3 expanding the phenotypes associated with these genes. The most frequent cause of AMC was a primary involvement of skeletal muscle (40%) followed by brain (22%). The most frequent mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive (66.3% of patients). In sporadic patients born to non-consanguineous parents (n=60), de novo dominant autosomal or X linked variants were observed in 30 of them (50%). CONCLUSION: New genes recently identified in AMC represent 21% of causing genes in our cohort. A high proportion of de novo variants were observed indicating that this mechanism plays a prominent part in this developmental disease. Our data showed the added value of WES when compared with TES due to the larger clinical spectrum of some disease genes than initially described and the identification of novel genes.


Asunto(s)
Artrogriposis , Artrogriposis/diagnóstico , Artrogriposis/genética , Artrogriposis/patología , Genómica , Humanos , Linaje , Fenotipo , Proteínas/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Secuenciación del Exoma
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(15)2022 Jul 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35955641

RESUMEN

The implementation of high-throughput diagnostic sequencing has led to the generation of large amounts of mutational data, making their interpretation more complex and responsible for long delays. It has been important to prioritize certain analyses, particularly those of "actionable" genes in diagnostic situations, involving specific treatment and/or management. In our project, we carried out an objective assessment of the clinical actionability of genes involved in myopathies, for which only few data obtained methodologically exist to date. Using the ClinGen Actionability criteria, we scored the clinical actionability of all 199 genes implicated in myopathies published by FILNEMUS for the "National French consensus on gene Lists for the diagnosis of myopathies using next generation sequencing". We objectified that 63 myopathy genes were actionable with the currently available data. Among the 36 myopathy genes with the highest actionability scores, only 8 had been scored to date by ClinGen. The data obtained through these methodological tools are an important resource for strategic choices in diagnostic approaches and the management of genetic myopathies. The clinical actionability of genes has to be considered as an evolving concept, in relation to progresses in disease knowledge and therapeutic approaches.


Asunto(s)
Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Enfermedades Musculares , Consenso , Humanos , Enfermedades Musculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Musculares/genética , Enfermedades Musculares/terapia , Mutación , Atención al Paciente
3.
Neurogenetics ; 22(1): 33-41, 2021 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33405017

RESUMEN

The nuclear envelope (NE) separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in all eukaryotic cells. A disruption of the NE structure compromises normal gene regulation and leads to severe human disorders collectively classified as nuclear envelopathies and affecting skeletal muscle, heart, brain, skin, and bones. The ubiquitous NE component LAP1B is encoded by TOR1AIP1, and the use of an alternative start codon gives rise to the shorter LAP1C isoform. TOR1AIP1 mutations have been identified in patients with diverging clinical presentations such as muscular dystrophy, progressive dystonia with cerebellar atrophy, and a severe multi-systemic disorder, but the correlation between the mutational effect and the clinical spectrum remains to be determined. Here, we describe a novel TOR1AIP1 patient manifesting childhood-onset muscle weakness and contractures, and we provide clinical, histological, ultrastructural, and genetic data. We demonstrate that the identified TOR1AIP1 frameshift mutation leads to the selective loss of the LAP1B isoform, while the expression of LAP1C was preserved. Through comparative review of all previously reported TOR1AIP1 cases, we delineate a genotype/phenotype correlation and conclude that LAP1B-specific mutations cause a progressive skeletal muscle phenotype, while mutations involving a loss of both LAP1B and LAP1C isoforms induce a syndromic disorder affecting skeletal muscle, brain, eyes, ear, skin, and bones.


Asunto(s)
Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa Clase I/genética , Mutación/genética , Membrana Nuclear/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Niño , Femenino , Mutación del Sistema de Lectura/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Músculos/metabolismo , Músculos/patología , Membrana Nuclear/metabolismo , Membrana Nuclear/ultraestructura , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Fenotipo
4.
Hum Mutat ; 41(1): 17-37, 2020 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31448844

RESUMEN

Calcium (Ca2+ ) acts as a ubiquitous second messenger, and normal cell and tissue physiology strictly depends on the precise regulation of Ca2+ entry, storage, and release. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a major mechanism controlling extracellular Ca2+ entry, and mainly relies on the accurate interplay between the Ca2+ sensor STIM1 and the Ca2+ channel ORAI1. Mutations in STIM1 or ORAI1 result in abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis and are associated with severe human disorders. Recessive loss-of-function mutations impair SOCE and cause combined immunodeficiency, while dominant gain-of-function mutations induce excessive extracellular Ca2+ entry and cause tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) and Stormorken syndrome (STRMK). TAM and STRMK are spectra of the same multisystemic disease characterized by muscle weakness, miosis, thrombocytopenia, hyposplenism, ichthyosis, dyslexia, and short stature. To date, 42 TAM/STRMK families have been described, and here we report five additional families for which we provide clinical, histological, ultrastructural, and genetic data. In this study, we list and review all new and previously reported STIM1 and ORAI1 cases, discuss the pathomechanisms of the mutations based on the known functions and the protein structure of STIM1 and ORAI1, draw a genotype/phenotype correlation, and delineate an efficient screening strategy for the molecular diagnosis of TAM/STRMK.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Trastornos de las Plaquetas Sanguíneas/diagnóstico , Trastornos de las Plaquetas Sanguíneas/genética , Dislexia/diagnóstico , Dislexia/genética , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Ictiosis/diagnóstico , Ictiosis/genética , Trastornos Migrañosos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Migrañosos/genética , Miosis/diagnóstico , Miosis/genética , Mutación , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/diagnóstico , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/genética , Bazo/anomalías , Alelos , Calcio/metabolismo , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Eritrocitos Anormales , Mutación con Ganancia de Función , Estudios de Asociación Genética/métodos , Genotipo , Humanos , Fatiga Muscular/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteína ORAI1/genética , Proteína ORAI1/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Unión Proteica , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , Molécula de Interacción Estromal 1/genética , Molécula de Interacción Estromal 1/metabolismo
5.
J Inherit Metab Dis ; 42(5): 803-808, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30887539

RESUMEN

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is a rare X-linked metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the PGK1 gene. Patients usually develop various combinations of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (NSHA), myopathy, and central nervous system disorders. In this national multicenter observational retrospective study, we recorded all known French patients with PGK deficiency, and 3 unrelated patients were identified. Case 1 was a 32-year-old patient with severe chronic axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy resembling Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, mental retardation, microcephaly, ophthalmoplegia, pes cavus, and the new c.323G > A PGK1 hemizygous mutation. Case 2 was a 71-year-old patient with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis, and a c.943G > A PGK1 hemizygous mutation. Case 3 was a 48-year-old patient with NSHA, retinitis pigmentosa, mental retardation, seizures, stroke, parkinsonism, and a c.491A > T PGK1 hemizygous mutation. This study confirms that PGK deficiency is an extremely rare disorder with a wide phenotypic spectrum, and demonstrates for the first time that PGK deficiency may affect the peripheral nervous system and present as a CMT-like disorder.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma X/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma X/genética , Errores Innatos del Metabolismo/diagnóstico , Errores Innatos del Metabolismo/genética , Fosfoglicerato Quinasa/deficiencia , Adulto , Anciano , Francia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Fosfoglicerato Quinasa/genética , Estudios Retrospectivos
6.
Ann Neurol ; 81(3): 467-473, 2017 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28220527

RESUMEN

Congenital myopathies are phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. We describe homozygous truncating mutations in MYPN in 2 unrelated families with a slowly progressive congenital cap myopathy. MYPN encodes the Z-line protein myopalladin implicated in sarcomere integrity. Functional experiments demonstrate that the mutations lead to mRNA defects and to a strong reduction in full-length protein expression. Myopalladin signals accumulate in the caps together with alpha-actinin. Dominant MYPN mutations were previously reported in cardiomyopathies. Our data uncover that mutations in MYPN cause either a cardiac or a congenital skeletal muscle disorder through different modes of inheritance. Ann Neurol 2017;81:467-473.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Musculares/genética , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/genética , Adulto , Consanguinidad , Exoma , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mutación , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/patología , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/fisiopatología , Linaje
7.
Acta Neuropathol ; 134(6): 889-904, 2017 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28685322

RESUMEN

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), a severe congenital myopathy, is caused by mutations in the MTM1 gene located on the X chromosome. A majority of affected males die in the early postnatal period, whereas female carriers are believed to be usually asymptomatic. Nevertheless, several affected females have been reported. To assess the phenotypic and pathological spectra of carrier females and to delineate diagnostic clues, we characterized 17 new unrelated affected females and performed a detailed comparison with previously reported cases at the clinical, muscle imaging, histological, ultrastructural and molecular levels. Taken together, the analysis of this large cohort of 43 cases highlights a wide spectrum of clinical severity ranging from severe neonatal and generalized weakness, similar to XLMTM male, to milder adult forms. Several females show a decline in respiratory function. Asymmetric weakness is a noteworthy frequent specific feature potentially correlated to an increased prevalence of highly skewed X inactivation. Asymmetry of growth was also noted. Other diagnostic clues include facial weakness, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia, skeletal and joint abnormalities, and histopathological signs that are hallmarks of centronuclear myopathy such as centralized nuclei and necklace fibers. The histopathological findings also demonstrate a general disorganization of muscle structure in addition to these specific hallmarks. Thus, MTM1 mutations in carrier females define a specific myopathy, which may be independent of the presence of an XLMTM male in the family. As several of the reported affected females carry large heterozygous MTM1 deletions not detectable by Sanger sequencing, and as milder phenotypes present as adult-onset limb-girdle myopathy, the prevalence of this myopathy is likely to be greatly underestimated. This report should aid diagnosis and thus the clinical management and genetic counseling of MTM1 carrier females. Furthermore, the clinical and pathological history of this cohort may be useful for therapeutic projects in males with XLMTM, as it illustrates the spectrum of possible evolution of the disease in patients surviving long term.


Asunto(s)
Heterocigoto , Mutación , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/diagnóstico , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas no Receptoras/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/genética , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/patología , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/fisiopatología , Fenotipo , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas no Receptoras/metabolismo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
8.
Acta Neuropathol ; 133(4): 517-533, 2017 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28012042

RESUMEN

Muscle contraction upon nerve stimulation relies on excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) to promote the rapid and generalized release of calcium within myofibers. In skeletal muscle, ECC is performed by the direct coupling of a voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel (dihydropyridine receptor; DHPR) located on the T-tubule with a Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor; RYR1) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) component of the triad. Here, we characterize a novel class of congenital myopathy at the morphological, molecular, and functional levels. We describe a cohort of 11 patients from 7 families presenting with perinatal hypotonia, severe axial and generalized weakness. Ophthalmoplegia is present in four patients. The analysis of muscle biopsies demonstrated a characteristic intermyofibrillar network due to SR dilatation, internal nuclei, and areas of myofibrillar disorganization in some samples. Exome sequencing revealed ten recessive or dominant mutations in CACNA1S (Cav1.1), the pore-forming subunit of DHPR in skeletal muscle. Both recessive and dominant mutations correlated with a consistent phenotype, a decrease in protein level, and with a major impairment of Ca2+ release induced by depolarization in cultured myotubes. While dominant CACNA1S mutations were previously linked to malignant hyperthermia susceptibility or hypokalemic periodic paralysis, our findings strengthen the importance of DHPR for perinatal muscle function in human. These data also highlight CACNA1S and ECC as therapeutic targets for the development of treatments that may be facilitated by the previous knowledge accumulated on DHPR.


Asunto(s)
Canales de Calcio/genética , Canales de Calcio/metabolismo , Miotonía Congénita/genética , Miotonía Congénita/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Calcio/metabolismo , Canales de Calcio Tipo L , Células Cultivadas , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Células Musculares/metabolismo , Células Musculares/patología , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Mutación , Miotonía Congénita/diagnóstico por imagen , Miotonía Congénita/patología , Fenotipo , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Adulto Joven
10.
Nat Genet ; 39(9): 1134-9, 2007 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17676042

RESUMEN

Centronuclear myopathies are characterized by muscle weakness and abnormal centralization of nuclei in muscle fibers not secondary to regeneration. The severe neonatal X-linked form (myotubular myopathy) is due to mutations in the phosphoinositide phosphatase myotubularin (MTM1), whereas mutations in dynamin 2 (DNM2) have been found in some autosomal dominant cases. By direct sequencing of functional candidate genes, we identified homozygous mutations in amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) in three families with autosomal recessive inheritance. Two missense mutations affecting the BAR (Bin1/amphiphysin/RVS167) domain disrupt its membrane tubulation properties in transfected cells, and a partial truncation of the C-terminal SH3 domain abrogates the interaction with DNM2 and its recruitment to the membrane tubules. Our results suggest that mutations in BIN1 cause centronuclear myopathy by interfering with remodeling of T tubules and/or endocytic membranes, and that the functional interaction between BIN1 and DNM2 is necessary for normal muscle function and positioning of nuclei.


Asunto(s)
Dinamina II/genética , Enfermedades Musculares/genética , Mutación , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Sitios de Unión/genética , Células COS , Línea Celular , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Dinamina II/metabolismo , Femenino , Genes Recesivos , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/genética , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/metabolismo , Haplotipos , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Microscopía Confocal , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Enfermedades Musculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Musculares/patología , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Unión Proteica , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Transfección
12.
Brain ; 137(Pt 12): 3160-70, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25260562

RESUMEN

Centronuclear myopathies are congenital muscle disorders characterized by type I myofibre predominance and an increased number of muscle fibres with nuclear centralization. The severe neonatal X-linked form is due to mutations in MTM1, autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy with neonatal or childhood onset results from mutations in BIN1 (amphiphysin 2), and dominant cases were previously associated to mutations in DNM2 (dynamin 2). Our aim was to determine the genetic basis and physiopathology of patients with mild dominant centronuclear myopathy without mutations in DNM2. We hence established and characterized a homogeneous cohort of nine patients from five families with a progressive adult-onset centronuclear myopathy without facial weakness, including three sporadic cases and two families with dominant disease inheritance. All patients had similar histological and ultrastructural features involving type I fibre predominance and hypotrophy, as well as prominent nuclear centralization and clustering. We identified heterozygous BIN1 mutations in all patients and the molecular diagnosis was complemented by functional analyses. Two mutations in the N-terminal amphipathic helix strongly decreased the membrane-deforming properties of amphiphysin 2 and three stop-loss mutations resulted in a stable protein containing 52 supernumerary amino acids. Immunolabelling experiments revealed abnormal central accumulation of dynamin 2, caveolin-3, and the autophagic marker p62, and general membrane alterations of the triad, the sarcolemma, and the basal lamina as potential pathological mechanisms. In conclusion, we identified BIN1 as the second gene for dominant centronuclear myopathy. Our data provide the evidence that specific BIN1 mutations can cause either recessive or dominant centronuclear myopathy and that both disorders involve different pathomechanisms.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Mutación/genética , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Dinamina II/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo
13.
Genome Med ; 16(1): 87, 2024 Jul 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38982518

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Congenital myopathies are severe genetic diseases with a strong impact on patient autonomy and often on survival. A large number of patients do not have a genetic diagnosis, precluding genetic counseling and appropriate clinical management. Our objective was to find novel pathogenic variants and genes associated with congenital myopathies and to decrease diagnostic odysseys and dead-end. METHODS: To identify pathogenic variants and genes implicated in congenital myopathies, we established and conducted the MYOCAPTURE project from 2009 to 2018 to perform exome sequencing in a large cohort of 310 families partially excluded for the main known genes. RESULTS: Pathogenic variants were identified in 156 families (50%), among which 123 families (40%) had a conclusive diagnosis. Only 44 (36%) of the resolved cases were linked to a known myopathy gene with the corresponding phenotype, while 55 (44%) were linked to pathogenic variants in a known myopathy gene with atypical signs, highlighting that most genetic diagnosis could not be anticipated based on clinical-histological assessments in this cohort. An important phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity was observed for the different genes and for the different congenital myopathy subtypes, respectively. In addition, we identified 14 new myopathy genes not previously associated with muscle diseases (20% of all diagnosed cases) that we previously reported in the literature, revealing novel pathomechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this approach illustrates the importance of massive parallel gene sequencing as a comprehensive tool for establishing a molecular diagnosis for families with congenital myopathies. It also emphasizes the contribution of clinical data, histological findings on muscle biopsies, and the availability of DNA samples from additional family members to the diagnostic success rate. This study facilitated and accelerated the genetic diagnosis of congenital myopathies, improved health care for several patients, and opened novel perspectives for either repurposing of existing molecules or the development of novel treatments.


Asunto(s)
Secuenciación del Exoma , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Fenotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Mutación , Exoma/genética , Linaje , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/genética , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Musculares/genética , Enfermedades Musculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Musculares/congénito , Niño , Adulto
14.
J Neurol ; 271(7): 4008-4018, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38517523

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA) linked to the VMA21 gene leads to autophagy failure with progressive vacuolation and atrophy of skeletal muscles. Current knowledge of this rare disease is limited. Our objective was to define the clinical, radiological, and natural history of XMEA. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study collecting clinical, genetic, muscle imaging, and biopsy data of XMEA patients followed in France and reviewed the literature for additional cases. RESULTS: Eighteen males had genetically confirmed XMEA in France, carrying four different VMA21 variants. Mean age at disease onset was 9.4 ± 9.9 (range 1-40) years. In 14/18 patients (77.8%), onset occurred during childhood (< 15 years); however in four patients, the disease started in adulthood. Patients had anterior and medial compartment thigh muscle weakness, distal contractures (56.3%), elevated CK levels (1287.9 ± 757.8 U/l) and autophagic vacuoles with sarcolemmal features on muscle histopathology. Muscle MRI (n = 10) showed a characteristic pattern of lower limb muscle involvement. In 11 patients, outcome measures were available for an average follow-up period of 10.6 ± 9.8 years and six of them show disease progression. Mean change of functional outcomes was 0.5 ± 1.2 points for Brooke and 2.2 ± 2.5 points for Vignos score, 7/16 patients (43.8%) needed a walking aid and 3/16 (18.8%) were wheelchair-bound (median age of 40 years old, range 39-48). The variant c.164-7 T > G was associated with a later onset of symptoms. Respiratory insufficiency was common (57.1%) but cardiac involvement rare (12.5%). INTERPRETATION: XMEA has variable age of onset, but a characteristic clinical, histopathological, and muscle imaging presentation, guiding the diagnosis. Although slowly, motor disability progresses with time, and relevant genotype-phenotype correlations will help design future clinical trials.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma X , Músculo Esquelético , Fenotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Estudios Retrospectivos , Niño , Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma X/genética , Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma X/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma X/patología , Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma X/fisiopatología , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatología , Preescolar , Lactante , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Francia , Enfermedades Musculares , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Vacuolares
15.
Nat Genet ; 56(3): 395-407, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429495

RESUMEN

In digenic inheritance, pathogenic variants in two genes must be inherited together to cause disease. Only very few examples of digenic inheritance have been described in the neuromuscular disease field. Here we show that predicted deleterious variants in SRPK3, encoding the X-linked serine/argenine protein kinase 3, lead to a progressive early onset skeletal muscle myopathy only when in combination with heterozygous variants in the TTN gene. The co-occurrence of predicted deleterious SRPK3/TTN variants was not seen among 76,702 healthy male individuals, and statistical modeling strongly supported digenic inheritance as the best-fitting model. Furthermore, double-mutant zebrafish (srpk3-/-; ttn.1+/-) replicated the myopathic phenotype and showed myofibrillar disorganization. Transcriptome data suggest that the interaction of srpk3 and ttn.1 in zebrafish occurs at a post-transcriptional level. We propose that digenic inheritance of deleterious changes impacting both the protein kinase SRPK3 and the giant muscle protein titin causes a skeletal myopathy and might serve as a model for other genetic diseases.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Musculares , Pez Cebra , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Conectina/genética , Conectina/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético , Enfermedades Musculares/genética , Enfermedades Musculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Musculares/patología , Mutación , Pez Cebra/genética
16.
Nat Genet ; 33(4): 487-91, 2003 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12612583

RESUMEN

Remodeling of the cytoskeleton is central to the modulation of cell shape and migration. Filamin A, encoded by the gene FLNA, is a widely expressed protein that regulates re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton by interacting with integrins, transmembrane receptor complexes and second messengers. We identified localized mutations in FLNA that conserve the reading frame and lead to a broad range of congenital malformations, affecting craniofacial structures, skeleton, brain, viscera and urogenital tract, in four X-linked human disorders: otopalatodigital syndrome types 1 (OPD1; OMIM 311300) and 2 (OPD2; OMIM 304120), frontometaphyseal dysplasia (FMD; OMIM 305620) and Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS; OMIM 309350). Several mutations are recurrent, and all are clustered into four regions of the gene: the actin-binding domain and rod domain repeats 3, 10 and 14/15. Our findings contrast with previous observations that loss of function of FLNA is embryonic lethal in males but manifests in females as a localized neuronal migration disorder, called periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH; refs. 3-6). The patterns of mutation, X-chromosome inactivation and phenotypic manifestations in the newly described mutations indicate that they have gain-of-function effects, implicating filamin A in signaling pathways that mediate organogenesis in multiple systems during embryonic development.


Asunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples/genética , Cromosomas Humanos X , Proteínas Contráctiles/genética , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Ligamiento Genético , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/genética , Mutación , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Mapeo Cromosómico , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Filaminas , Humanos , Intrones , Masculino , Modelos Genéticos , Modelos Moleculares , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Transducción de Señal , Síndrome , Distribución Tisular
17.
Hum Mutat ; 33(6): 949-59, 2012 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22396310

RESUMEN

Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder associated with general skeletal muscle weakness, type I fiber predominance and atrophy, and abnormally centralized nuclei. Autosomal dominant CNM is due to mutations in the large GTPase dynamin 2 (DNM2), a mechanochemical enzyme regulating cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking in cells. To date, 40 families with CNM-related DNM2 mutations have been described, and here we report 60 additional families encompassing a broad genotypic and phenotypic spectrum. In total, 18 different mutations are reported in 100 families and our cohort harbors nine known and four new mutations, including the first splice-site mutation. Genotype-phenotype correlation hypotheses are drawn from the published and new data, and allow an efficient screening strategy for molecular diagnosis. In addition to CNM, dissimilar DNM2 mutations are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) peripheral neuropathy (CMTD1B and CMT2M), suggesting a tissue-specific impact of the mutations. In this study, we discuss the possible clinical overlap of CNM and CMT, and the biological significance of the respective mutations based on the known functions of dynamin 2 and its protein structure. Defects in membrane trafficking due to DNM2 mutations potentially represent a common pathological mechanism in CNM and CMT.


Asunto(s)
Dinamina II/genética , Genes Dominantes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Mutación , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Dinamina II/química , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Miopatías Estructurales Congénitas/diagnóstico , Polimorfismo Genético , Alineación de Secuencia
19.
Acta Neuropathol ; 124(2): 273-83, 2012 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22526018

RESUMEN

Inherited neuromuscular disorders (NMD) are chronic genetic diseases posing a significant burden on patients and the health care system. Despite tremendous research and clinical efforts, the molecular causes remain unknown for nearly half of the patients, due to genetic heterogeneity and conventional molecular diagnosis based on a gene-by-gene approach. We aimed to test next generation sequencing (NGS) as an efficient and cost-effective strategy to accelerate patient diagnosis. We designed a capture library to target the coding and splice site sequences of all known NMD genes and used NGS and DNA multiplexing to retrieve the pathogenic mutations in patients with heterogeneous NMD with or without known mutations. We retrieved all known mutations, including point mutations and small indels, intronic and exonic mutations, and a large deletion in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, validating the sensitivity and reproducibility of this strategy on a heterogeneous subset of NMD with different genetic inheritance. Most pathogenic mutations were ranked on top in our blind bioinformatic pipeline. Following the same strategy, we characterized probable TTN, RYR1 and COL6A3 mutations in several patients without previous molecular diagnosis. The cost was less than conventional testing for a single large gene. With appropriate adaptations, this strategy could be implemented into a routine genetic diagnosis set-up as a first screening approach to detect most kind of mutations, potentially before the need of more invasive and specific clinical investigations. An earlier genetic diagnosis should provide improved disease management and higher quality genetic counseling, and ease access to therapy or inclusion into therapeutic trials.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/diagnóstico , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Humanos , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/genética , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/metabolismo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
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