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1.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry ; 60(9): 1010-1020, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30882909

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The prenatal period is a period of vulnerability during which neurotoxic exposures exert persistent changes in brain development and behavior. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants in commercial products, are known to be developmental neurotoxicants. PBDEs were phased out of use in the United States a decade ago, but exposure remains widespread due to their release from existing products and biopersistence. Despite consistent animal and epidemiological evidence of developmental neurotoxicity, the neural substrates linking prenatal PBDE serum concentrations to impaired neurodevelopment are poorly understood. METHODS: In the present study, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine associations between prenatal PBDE concentrations measured in maternal serum and intrinsic functional network organization (i.e., global and local efficiency; estimated using a graph-theoretical approach) in 5-year-old children (n = 34). We explored whether PBDE serum concentrations were associated with executive functioning (EF) assessed using a parent-report questionnaire (BRIEF-P) (n = 106) and whether changes in intrinsic functional network organization linked the association between prenatal PBDE serum concentrations and EF problems. RESULTS: Children with higher prenatal PBDE serum concentrations showed: (a) increased global efficiency of brain areas involved in visual attention (e.g., inferior occipital gyrus) (ß's = .01, FDR-corrected p's ≤ .05); (b) more reported EF problems (ß's = .001, FDR-corrected p's ≤ .05). Higher global efficiency of brain areas involved in visual attention was associated with more EF problems (ß's = .01, FDR-corrected p's < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Intrinsic functional network organization of visual attention brain areas linked prenatal PBDE concentrations to EF problems in childhood. Visual attention may contribute to the development of higher-order cognitive functions, such as EF, which could be explored in future studies.


Asunto(s)
Atención/fisiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/inducido químicamente , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Función Ejecutiva/fisiología , Retardadores de Llama/efectos adversos , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/sangre , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/fisiopatología , Adulto , Preescolar , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Embarazo/sangre , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/diagnóstico por imagen , Percepción Visual/fisiología
2.
Environ Int ; 134: 105212, 2020 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31743804

RESUMEN

Genetic factors explain 60 percent of variance in reading disorder. Exposure to neurotoxicants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), may be overlooked risk factors for reading problems. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine associations between prenatal PBDE concentrations and functional connectivity of a reading-related network (RN) in a community sample of 5-year-old children (N = 33). Maternal serum PBDE concentrations (∑PBDE) were measured at 12.2 ±â€¯2.8 weeks gestation (mean ±â€¯SD). The RN was defined by 12 regions identified in prior task-based fMRI meta-analyses; global efficiency (GE) was used to measure network integration. Linear regression evaluated associations between ∑PBDE, word reading, and GE of the RN and the default mode network (DMN); the latter to establish specificity of findings. Weighted quantile sum regression analyses evaluated the contributions of specific PBDE congeners to observed associations. Greater RN efficiency was associated with better word reading in these novice readers. Children with higher ∑PBDE showed reduced GE of the RN; ∑PBDE was not associated with DMN efficiency, demonstrating specificity of our results. Consistent with prior findings, ∑PBDE was not associated word reading at 5-years-old. Altered efficiency and integration of the RN may underlie associations between ∑PBDE concentrations and reading problems observed previously in older children.


Asunto(s)
Lectura , Preescolar , Dislexia , Femenino , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Embarazo
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