[Investigation of interaction between silver ions and rutin in water by physical methods].

UV-vis, ASM, AAS, SERS, thermodynamics, kinetics were used to study the reduction of silver ions in excess of rutin to nanoparticles with and without addition of alkali. The reaction consists of a fast redox stage of cluster Ag (1 min) with adsorbed rutin. The secondary stage of a primary nanoparticles ends after 30 minutes. A slower stage of large nanocrystals ends after 24 hours.

Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood? Results from the Leningrad siege study, a cross sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between decreased maternal food intake and risk factors for coronary heart disease in adult life. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SUBJECTS: 169 subjects exposed to malnutrition in utero (intrauterine group) during the siege of Leningrad (now St Petersburg) in 1941-4; 192 subjects born in Leningrad just before rationing began, before the siege (infant group); and 188 subjects born concurrently with the first two groups but outside the area of the siege (unexposed group). SETTING: Ott Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Petersburg. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of risk factors for coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus-obesity, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin concentrations, lipids, albumin excretion rate, and clotting factors. RESULTS: There was no difference between the subjects exposed to starvation in utero and those starved during infant life in: (a) glucose tolerance (mean fasting glucose: intrauterine group 5.2 (95% confidence interval 5.1 to 5.3), infant group 5.3 (5.1 to 5.5), P = 0.94; mean 2 hour glucose: intrauterine group 6.1 (5.8 to 6.4), infant group 6.0 (5.7 to 6.3), P = 0.99); (b) insulin concentration; (c) blood pressure; (d) lipid concentration; or (e) coagulation factors. Concentrations of von Willebrand factor were raised in the intrauterine group (156.5 (79.1 to 309.5)) compared with the infant group (127.6 (63.9 to 254.8); P < 0.001), and female subjects in the intrauterine group had a stronger interaction between obesity and both systolic (P = 0.01) and diastolic (P = 0.04) blood pressure than in the infant group. Short adult stature was associated with raised concentrations of glucose and insulin 2 hours after a glucose load-independently of siege exposure. Subjects in the unexposed group had non-systematic differences in subscapular to triceps skinfold ratio, diastolic blood pressure, and clotting factors compared with the exposed groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intrauterine malnutrition was not associated with glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Subjects exposed to malnutrition showed evidence of endothelial dysfunction and a stronger influence of obesity on blood pressure.

[Fluorescence microscopy demonstration of mitochondria in tissue culture cells using berberine]. / Liuminestsentnomikroskopicheskoe vyiavlenie mitokhondrii kletkakh kul'tur tkanei s pomosch'iu berberina.

The possibility of fluorescence microscopical examination of mitochondria in living animal cells using fluorochrome berberine sulphate is shown. At concentrations of 30--50 g per ml the chemical is accumulated selectively in mitochondria of living cells. The specificity of berberine sulphate accumulation in mitochondria was shown by comparative phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy. The advantages of the method is its high sensitivity and simplicity, especially when mitochondria can not be examined by the phase contrast microscopy.

[Use of the antibiotic, olivomycin, for the cytochemical study of chromatin]. / Ispol'zovanie antibiotika olivomitsina dlia tsitokhimicheskogo izucheniia khromatina.

The possibility to use the antibiotic olivomycin for fluorescence cytochemistry of chromatin properties has been shown. It is found that the binding of olivomycin to nuclei reveals the functional state of chromatin and changes in the course of its activation. The essential condition for the application of the method described is the use of ethanol-aceton fixative. When other fixatives are used, in particular 70% ethanol, olivomycin binding reflects differences in nuclear DNA amount, rather than those in chromatin properties. The advantages of the method described, in comparison with the commonly used technique, are associated with the high affinity of olivomycin to DNA, absence of olivomycin binding with RNA, simplicity of the staining procedures , and with rather a high stability of complexes formed between olivomycin and DNA.

[Fluorescence microscopic study of cells and polykaryons in the early periods following polyethylene glycol treatment]. / Fluorestsentno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie kletok i polikarionov v rannie sroki posle obrabotki poliétilenglikolem.

A fluorescence-microscopical study is made of cultured murine fibroblasts (L-cells) in early periods after the treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Optimal conditions of fusion procedure were found under which the effectiveness of fusion was the highest and the toxical effect of PEG the lowest. The number of dead cells after the treatment with PEG did not exceed 10%. No significant changes in chromatin cytochemical properties (Acridine Orange and Olivomycin binding) were observed in the early periods of PEG treatment, that allows to use PEG for studying chromatin properties in hybrid cells obtained by PEG fusion. By means of PEG fusion, the hybrid cells with prematurely condensed chromosomes and also hybrids between animal and yeast cells have been obtained.

[Cytochemical properties of prematurely condensed chromosomes]. / Tsitokhimicheskie svoistva prezhdevremenno kondensirovannykh khromosom.

Prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) have been obtained by polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced fusion in suspension of the Chinese hamster metaphase cultured cells with those in interphase. As alternative approach the PEG-fusion of the Chinese hamster asynchronous culture cells in monolayer with subsequent incubation in free medium was used. A comparative cytofluorimetric investigation of PCC and chromatin of the interphase nuclei of corresponding ploidy has shown some increase (up to 10%) of acridine orange and olivomycin binding with PCC chromatin. A similar slight increase in low molecular weight ligands binding with chromatin was also found in mitotic chromosomes. The data obtained confirm the opinion about the similarity of events taking place in chromatin during physiological mitosis and premature chromosome condensation. The cytochemical study of chromatin availability to low molecular weight ligands can be used as a criterion for judging on the properties of the artificially condensed chromatin.

[Prognostic significance of bicycle ergometry test in patients with myocarditis]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie rezul'tatov veloérgometricheskoi proby u bol'nykh miokarditami.

A total of 42 patients with rheumatic carditis were examined in the acute-subacute period and following 3-5 years. Seventeen patients were diagnosed as having primary rheumatic carditis, 9 presented with tonsillogenic rheumatic carditis, and 16 had viral rheumatic carditis. The diagnosis of myocarditis was established on the basis of clinical, immunological, and virological findings. The study involved ECG, PhCG, PCG, and bicycle ergometer testing recordings. Groups of patients with good and poor prognosis were identified. Low threshold exercise, exercise-inadequate tachycardia, complex cardiac arrhythmias, phasic myocardial hypodynamic syndrome and volume exercise syndrome that are formed during performance are prognostically poor indicators. More profound electric and mechanic dysfunctions were observed in patients with tonsillogenic or viral myocarditis.

[Electro- and phonocardiographic changes in tonsillogenic cardiopathies and primary rheumocarditis]. / Izmeneniia élektro- i fonokardiogrammy pri tozillogennykh kardiopatiiakh i pervichnom revmokardite.

With the use of computers it proved possible to distinguish the most informative electro- and phonocardiographic signs in variants of tonsillogenic affection of the heart and primary rheumatic carditis as the result of which the severity of the myocardial affection could be judged. These signs are very important in the choice of the treatment and in prognosis. Cardiac-type neurocirculatory dystonias are characterized by the fewest informative signs indicative of vegetative effects produced on the heart. In tonsillogenic myocardial dystrophy, the number of informative signs and their pronounced character increase, which is evidence of more complex disorders in the heart. The signs in infectious-allergic myocarditis and primary rheumatic carditis are common in character, which makes differential diagnosis difficult and calls for further research into new diagnostic methods. According to the phonocardiogram, a systolic murmur was present in patients of all the groups that were examined, which had specific features in neurocirculatory dystonia and in tonsillogenic myocardial dystrophy. No essential differences were found in myocarditides.

[The adequacy and safety of low epidural anesthesia in urological operations on patients with concomitant ischemic heart disease]. / Adekvatnost' i bezopasnost' nizkoi épidural'noi anestezii pri urologicheskikh operatsiiakh u bol'nykh s soputstvuiushchei ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

An electrocardiographic evaluation of the functional state of the myocardium in patients operated upon for urological diseases under conditions of low epidural anesthesia has shown that in the absence of a cardiovascular pathology the method of anesthesia fails to exert a substantial influence on the circulation homeokinesis and functional state of the myocardium. The following use of the low epidural anesthesia in 105 patients with a coexistent ischemic heart disease during urological operative interventions results in two times less amount of cardiovascular complications, lethality and duration of the postoperative period.

[Intravital accumulation of acriflavine in mitochondria of yeast organisms]. / Prizhiznennoe nakoplenie akriflavina v mitokhondriiakh drozhzhevykh organiznov

Acriflavine, a fluorochrome of the acridine series, inducing cytoplasmic mutations in yeast organisms, at low concentrations (0.25 to 2.50 mcg/ml) in the growth medium, is selectively accumulated in the mitochondria in which it forms complexes with nucleic acids. This binding of acriflavine to nucleic acids in the mitochondria has almost no effect on the cell viability though their respiratory activity decreases at these concentrations by 70 percent, and the activity of fermentation increases by 15 to 20 percent.

[Pregnancy and diabetes mellitus]. / Beremennost' i sakharnyi diabet.

The dynamics of the placental lactogenic hormone level, insulin requirements, and glycaemia during pregnancy was studied in diabetes I and II patients and diabetic pregnancies. Fructose amine and C-peptide levels in maternal and neonatal blood were measured in different diabetes types. The risk of diabetes I development in relation to the incidence of the HLA-system antigens was assessed. The need for a functional insulin therapy prior to and during pregnancy was substantiated.

[Effect of the antitumor antibiotic actinoxanthine on cells cultured in vitro]. / Vliianie protivoopukholevogo antibiotika aktinoksantina na kletki, kul'tiviruemye in vitrol

Significant changes in the nucleus structure, complete suppression of the mitotic activity, markedly decreased synthesis of RNA (by 70--80 per cent according to incorporation of 3H-uridine) and decreased levels of DNA (by 40 per cent according to olivomycin binding) were observed in the fibroblasts cultivated in vitro due to exposure to actinoxanthine in an amount of 50 microgram/ml. The data indicate direct damaging effect of the drug on the cell chromatin. The above nuclear changes were also observed after a short-term exposure of the cells to the drug (up to 5 minutes). Still, they became evident only after the subsequent incubation of the cells in a pure culture medium for at least 15 minutes. No such changes in the nucleus structure were detected when after the 5-minute exposure to actinoxanthine the cells were exposed to trypsin for 3 minutes. When the time of exposure to actinoxanthine was longer (15 minutes and higher), trypsin suppressed the manifestation of the above nuclear changes. The two-stage mechanism of the damaging effect of actinoxanthine on the chromatin of the cells cultivated in vitro is discussed. The damaging effect of actinoxanthine on the cells begins from binding of the drug with the cell membrane. After that a short incubation period follows and then the characteristic changes in the nucleus structure appear.