Relation between EEG resting-state power and modulation of P300 task-related activity in theta band in schizophrenia.

There is some consistency in previous EEG findings that patients with schizophrenia have increased resting-state cortical activity. Furthermore, in previous work, we have provided evidence that there is a deficit in the modulation of bioelectrical activity during the performance of a P300 task in schizophrenia. Our hypothesis here is that a basal hyperactivation would be related with altered ability to change or modulate cortical activity during a cognitive task. However, no study so far, to the best of our knowledge, has studied the association between resting-state activity and task-related modulation. With this aim, we used a dual EEG paradigm (resting state and oddball task for elicitation of the P300 evoked potential) in a sample of patients with schizophrenia (n = 100), which included a subgroup of patients with first episode psychosis (n = 30), as well as a group of healthy controls (n = 93). The study measures were absolute power for resting-state; and spectral entropy (SE) and connectivity strength (CS) for P300-task data, whose modulation had been previously found to be altered in schizophrenia. Following the literature on P300, we focused our study on the theta frequency band. As expected, our results showed an increase in resting state activity and altered task-related modulation. Moreover, we found an inverse relationship between the amount of resting-state activity and modulation of task-related activity. Our results confirm our hypothesis and support the idea that a greater amount of resting theta-band synchrony could hamper the modulation of signal regularity (quantified by SE) and activity density (measured by CS) during the P300 task performance. This association was found in both patients and controls, suggesting the existence of a common mechanism and a possible ceiling effect in schizophrenia patients in relation to a decreased inhibitory function that limits their cortical reactivity to the task.

Healthcare professionals' perception and satisfaction with mental health tele-medicine during the COVID-19 outbreak: A real-world experience in telepsychiatry.

Background: The use of telemedicine is increasingly being implemented, showing numerous benefits over other methods. A good example of this is the use of telemedicine following the breakdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous experiences with telemedicine (TM) have not been significantly explored in relation to the professionals' own perspectives. Objective: Identify and explore the perceptions and interests of mental health professionals who have performed TM during the period of pandemia. Methods: A questionnaire on mental health professionals' perceptions of and satisfaction of TM, the Font Roja Work Satisfaction Questionnaire, was adapted and used. Data collected included 112 Psychiatric Service professionals who conducted TM in March 2020, after the country had been under lockdown for 10 weeks. Over 12.000 medical consultations were carried out by the phone, showing an overwhelming response to this method. Results: High levels of satisfaction were recorded amongst professionals. TM would function as a complement to the traditional system of face-to-face visits (n-112, f-109, 96.5%). Only 9.7% (f-11) believed that digital or virtual interventions would completely replace face-to-face visits. 60.8% did not consider this monotonous work. The older the health workers were, the more satisfied they felt during their follow-up telephone consultation. The greater the previous experience, the more satisfaction was shown. There were gender differences: female mental health workers reported a greater level of comfort. Conclusion: TM can be implemented with less effort, but it requires time, methods, and resources to be managed. Satisfaction among professionals is high, especially among those with more clinical experience. Patient satisfaction must be contrasted against this.

COVID pandemic as an opportunity for improving mental health treatments of the homeless people.

BACKGROUND: Homeless population has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Their living conditions, comorbidity with different pathologies and a greater frequency of mental disorders, make this population vulnerable. METHOD: We implemented a program of serial visits in a hostel for confined homeless of the city council social services, for the monitoring and treatment of mental disorders and substance abuse problems. Accompanied by serial phone and email contacts. RESULTS: A highly significant percentage (63%) had mental disorders or substance abuse, requiring pharmacological intervention, and 37% began follow-up in resources of the Mental Health and Addiction network of the Psychiatric Service at the end of the program. Hospital emergency service visits were drastically reduced. None of them were infected with COVID-19. An individualized Social plan was drawn up in order to reintegrate them with support in the community. CONCLUSIONS: The Results have been really positive, meeting all the objectives and opening up developing new programs in the future, in the pandemic outbreak and out of it.

Subcortical and cortical gray matter differences between Kraepelinian and non-Kraepelinian schizophrenia patients identified using voxel-based morphometry.

The long-term outcome of schizophrenia patients may differ depending on their brain structure. This would be reflected in significant structural differences between poor-outcome (i.e., Kraepelinian) and non-Kraepelinian patients. To assess this possibility, we have evaluated the degree of deviation in brain structure in Kraepelinian patients with respect to controls and non-Kraepelinian schizophrenia patients. We used voxel-brain morphometry (VBM) to assess the differences in gray matter volume across the brain in the Kraepelinian group with respect to the healthy controls and non-Kraepelinian patients. Twenty-six Kraepelinian and 18 non-Kraepelinian schizophrenia patients and 41 healthy controls were included. With respect to the healthy controls, the Kraepelinian patients showed a very significant decrease in gray matter in the frontal, occipital, and limbic cortices, and, at a subcortical level, bilaterally in the striatum and thalamus. In comparison with the non-Kraepelinian patients, the Kraepelinian individuals continued to show a similar subcortical decrease. Thus, Kraepelinian patients may be characterized by a distinct pattern of brain abnormalities, in particular, in subcortical regions.