RESUMEN
Asthma, an inflammatory disorder of the airways, is the most common chronic disease of children worldwide. There are significant racial/ethnic disparities in asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality among US children. This trend is mirrored in obesity, which may share genetic and environmental risk factors with asthma. The majority of asthma biomedical research has been performed in populations of European decent. We sought to identify genetic risk factors for asthma in African American children. We also assessed the generalizability of genetic variants associated with asthma in European and Asian populations to African American children. Our study population consisted of 1227 (812 asthma cases, 415 controls) African American children with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between SNP genotype and asthma status. We identified a novel variant in the PTCHD3 gene that is significantly associated with asthma (rs660498, p = 2.2 × 10(-7)) independent of obesity status. Approximately 5 % of previously reported asthma genetic associations identified in European populations replicated in African Americans. Our identification of novel variants associated with asthma in African American children, coupled with our inability to replicate the majority of findings reported in European Americans, underscores the necessity for including diverse populations in biomedical studies of asthma.
Asunto(s)
Asma/genética , Asma/patología , Negro o Afroamericano/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Asma/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Medicina de Precisión , Factores de Riesgo , San Francisco/epidemiología , Población Blanca/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Extracellular Nef which has been implicated in disease progression and development of AIDS induces IL-10, a potent immunosuppressive cytokine, in vitro. The present study was designed to examine whether the action of extracellular Nef is a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent event. Anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting reveals that recombinant HIV-1 Nef induces rapid tyrosyl phosphorylation of several cellular proteins in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pre-treatment of cells with herbimycin A, but not with genistein, significantly abolishes the Nef-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. Furthermore, ELISA and RNase protection assays show that herbimycin A significantly blocks Nef-induced production of IL-10 at both the protein and the mRNA level. Genistein and aminogenistein have a much less blocking effect on the ability of Nef to induce IL-10. These results provide evidence for the involvement of a herbimycin A-sensitive PTK in the signal transduction pathway for exogenous HIV-1 Nef.