PsART-ID inception cohort: clinical characteristics, treatment choices and outcomes of patients with psoriatic arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to understand clinical characteristics, real-life treatment strategies, outcomes of early PsA patients and determine the differences between the inception and established PsA cohorts. METHODS: PsArt-ID (Psoriatic Arthritis- International Database) is a multicentre registry. From that registry, patients with a diagnosis of PsA up to 6 months were classified as the inception cohort (n==388). Two periods were identified for the established cohort: Patients with PsA diagnosis within 5-10 years (n = 328), ≥10 years (n = 326). Demographic, clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, outcomes were determined for the inception cohort and compared with the established cohorts. RESULTS: The mean (s.d.) age of the inception cohort was 44.7 (13.3) and 167/388 (43.0%) of the patients were male. Polyarticular and mono-oligoarticular presentations were comparable in the inception and established cohorts. Axial involvement rate was higher in the cohort of patients with PsA ≥10 years compared with the inception cohort (34.8% vs 27.7%). As well as dactylitis and nail involvement (P = 0.004, P = 0.001 respectively). Both enthesitis, deformity rates were lower in the inception cohort. Overall, 13% of patients in the inception group had a deformity. MTX was the most commonly prescribed treatment for all cohorts with 10.7% of the early PsA patients were given anti-TNF agents after 16 months. CONCLUSION: The real-life experience in PsA patients showed no significant differences in the disease pattern rates except for the axial involvement. The dactylitis, nail involvement rates had increased significantly after 10 years from the diagnosis and the enthesitis, deformity had an increasing trend over time.

Disease characteristics of psoriatic arthritis patients may differ according to age at psoriasis onset: cross-sectional data from the Psoriatic Arthritis-International Database.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the impact of early versus late-onset psoriasis (PsO) on the disease characteristics of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in a large-multicentre cohort. METHODS: The data from a multicentre psoriatic arthritis database was analysed. Patients were grouped according to age at psoriasis onset (early onset; <40 years of age, late-onset; >40 years of age) and disease characteristics of the groups were compared by adjusting for BMI and PsA duration, where necessary. RESULTS: At the time of analyses, 1634 patients were recruited [62.8% females; early onset 1108 (67.8%); late-onset, 526 (32.2%)]. The late-onset group was more over-weight [66.8% vs. 86.8%, p<0.001; adjusted for age - aOR 1.55 (1.11-2.20; 95% CI)]. The early onset group had more scalp psoriasis at onset (56.7% vs. 43.0%, p<0.001), whereas extremity lesions were more common in the late-onset group (63.8% vs. 74.2%, p<0.001). Axial disease in males and psoriatic disease family history in females were significantly higher in the early onset group [38.0% vs. 25.4%; p=0.005; adjusted for PsA duration - aOR 1.76 (1.19-2.62; 95% CI) / 39.5% vs. 30.1%; p=0.003; OR 1.51 (1.15-1.99; 95% CI), respectively]. Psoriatic disease activity parameters, patient-physician reported outcomes and HAQ-DI scores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical features of PsA may be affected by the age at onset of PsO. Different genetic backgrounds in early and late-onset PsO may be driving the differences in psoriasis and PsA phenotypes.

What are the main barriers to achieve minimal disease activity in psoriatic arthritis in real life?

OBJECTIVES: Minimal disease activity (MDA) is an important target in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), however it is also criticised for having a low threshold for patient reported outcomes (PRO).The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of MDA and its components in patients with PsA and to evaluate disease characteristics and patterns in patients with or without MDA (MDA+ or MDA-). METHODS: PsArt-ID (Psoriatic Arthritis-International Database) is a prospective, multicentre web-based registry. PsA patients who had at least 1 year of disease duration and had full data for MDA were included for this analysis (n=317). Patients were considered in MDA+ when they met at least 5/7 of the MDA criteria. RESULTS: MDA was achieved in 46% patients. Within MDA- patients, body surface area (51.2%) and swollen joint count (53.5%) domains could still be achieved in the majority and 93.5% of them had no enthesitis using the Leeds enthesitis index. Of 170 patients with MDA-, 90 patients did not fulfill all 3 PROs of MDA. Mono-arthritis subtype (RR: 2.01), absence of enthesitis (RR: 1.570) and absence of distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint disease (RR: 1.1) were associated with higher probability of achieving MDA. CONCLUSIONS: The MDA criteria provide an objective target for treatment in trials and clinical practice; however, in real life PROs are the most significant barriers to achieve MDA. The presence of DIP joints disease makes it difficult to reach MDA due to active PROs.

The Psoriatic Arthritis Registry of Turkey: results of a multicentre registry on 1081 patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the characteristics of PsA, find out how well the disease is controlled in real life, demonstrate the treatments and identify the unmet needs. METHODS: The PsA registry of Turkey is a multicentre Web-based registry established in 2014 and including 32 rheumatology centres. Detailed data regarding demographics for skin and joint disease, disease activity assessments and treatment choices were collected. RESULTS: One thousand and eighty-one patients (64.7% women) with a mean (sd) PsA duration of 5.8 (6.7) years were enrolled. The most frequent type of PsA was polyarticular [437 (40.5%)], followed by oligoarticular [407 (37.7%)] and axial disease [372 (34.4%)]. The mean (sd) swollen and tender joint counts were 1.7 (3) and 3.6 (4.8), respectively. Of these patients, 38.6% were on conventional synthetic DMARD monotherapy, 7.1% were on anti-TNF monotherapy, and 22.5% were using anti-TNF plus conventional synthetic DMARD combinations. According to DAS28, 86 (12.4%) patients had high and 105 (15.2%) had moderate disease activity. Low disease activity was achieved in 317 (45.7%) patients, and 185 (26.7%) were in remission. Minimal disease activity data could be calculated in 247 patients, 105 of whom (42.5%) had minimal disease activity. The major differences among sexes were that women were older and had less frequent axial disease, more fatigue, higher HAQ scores and less remission. CONCLUSION: The PsA registry of Turkey had similarities with previously published registries, supporting its external validity. The finding that women had more fatigue and worse functioning as well as the high percentage of active disease state highlight the unmet need in treatment of PsA.

A relationship between spinal new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis and the sonographically determined Achilles tendon enthesophytes.

Spinal new bone formation is a major but incompletely understood manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We explored the relationship between spinal new bone formation and ultrasound (US)-determined Achilles enthesophytes to test the hypothesis that spinal new bone formation is part of a generalized enthesis bone-forming phenotype. A multicenter, case control study of 225 consecutive AS patients and 95 age/body mass index (BMI) matched healthy controls (HC) was performed. US scans of Achilles tendons and cervical and lumbar spine radiographs were obtained. All images were centrally scored by one investigator for US and one for radiographs, blinded to medical data. The relation between syndesmophytes (by modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) and the number of syndesmophytes) and enthesophytes (with a semi-quantitative scoring of the US findings) was investigated. AS patients had significantly higher US enthesophyte scores than HCs (2.1(1.6) vs. 1.6(1.6); p = 0.004). The difference was significant in males (p = 0.001) but not in females (p = 0.5). The enthesophyte scores significantly correlated with mSASSS scores (ρ = 0.274, p < 0.0001) with the association even stronger in males (enthesophyte scores vs. mSASSS ρ = 0.337, p < 0.0001). In multiple regression analysis, age, BMI, enthesophyte scores and disease duration were significantly associated with syndesmophytes in males, and keeping all other variables constant, increasing US enthesophyte scores increased the odds of having syndesmophytes by 67%. Male AS patients that have more severe US-determined Achilles enthesophyte also associated spinal syndesmophytes suggesting a bone-forming gender-specific phenotype that could be a useful marker predicting of new bone formation.

Vitamin D Levels in Takayasu's Arteritis and a Review of the Literature on Vasculitides.

OBJECTIVE: Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) is a chronic, large-vessel vasculitis. Vitamin D, as a steroidal hormone, has recently been shown to have immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Low vitamin D levels are demonstrated in various autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate vitamin D levels in patients with TAK. A comprehensive review of vitamin D levels in systemic vasculitides (SVs) is also performed. METHODS: The study included 36 patients with TAK, 28 patients with Behçet's disease (BD) as disease control and 30 sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH) vit D) levels were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. "Deficiency" was defined as 25(OH) vit D levels below 25 nmol/l and "insufficiency" as below 50 nmol/l. RESULTS: Plasma 25(OH) vit D levels were significantly lower in TAK patients (16.93 ± 10.62 nmol/l) than healthy controls (64.63 ± 21.82 nmol/l). Vitamin D level in BD patients (38.8 ± 20.9 nmol/l) is lower than healthy controls but higher than TAK patients. The frequency of vitamin D deficiency was 83.3% in patients with TAK compared to 3.3% in healthy controls. Plasma 25(OH) vit D levels were same between clinically active and inactive patients. In literature review, very few studies were found to investigate vitamin D in SVs. CONCLUSION: We observed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with TAK. As various immune effects of vitamin D on mononuclear cells and arterial endothelium is shown, vitamin D deficiency can be a predisposing factor for immune activation in SV. We therefore suggest monitorization and replacement of vitamin D status in all TAK and other SV patients.

An unusual case with vasculo-Behçet's disease: peripheral arterial aneurysm in an elderly woman.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, multi-systemic disorder that can affect all sizes of arteries and veins. Vascular involvement of BD is generally observed in young men and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Arterial lesions can appear as aneurysms, stenosis and occlusions in BD. We, here, present the case of a woman who developed a peripheral arterial aneurysm in her sixth decade, 20 years after disease onset. BD patients with aneurysms should be consulted at any age for pre- and post-operative assessment for immunosuppressive treatment to reduce recurrences, complications and disease activation.

Impaired quality of life, disability and mental health in Takayasu's arteritis.

OBJECTIVE: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly accepted to be among the major tools for outcome assessment in rheumatic disorders. In this study we aimed to assess quality of life (QoL), disability, anxiety and depression in patients with Takayasu's arteritis (TAK). METHODS: Patients followed with the diagnosis of TAK (n = 165) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 109) were enrolled to the study. The 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and hospital anxiety and depression scales (HADS) were used to assess QoL and mental status together with HAQ for disability. RESULTS: In SF-36 subscale assessment, all items were observed to be statistically lower in TAK patients; similarly HAQ scores were also higher (P < 0.001) in this group. In mental assessment, anxiety was found to be more common in TAK patients [90 (54.5%) vs 38 (34.9%), P = 0.001]. Depression also tended to be higher in TAK patients [70 (66.7%) vs 35 (33.3%)], without reaching significance (P = 0.086). Most of the SF-36 subgroup parameters were lower in TAK patients with active disease. Patients having anxiety and depression or with high HAQ scores reported worse SF-36 scores. In multivariate analysis, HADS-A, HADS-D and HAQ were associated with most SF-36 subscales. CONCLUSION: PROs demonstrate that not only general health but also physical and social functioning with physical role limitations and mental health parameters were impaired in TAK. Our results, especially in active disease, suggest that PROs such as SF-36 can be core domains of disease assessment in TAK, similar to ANCA-associated vasculitides.

Clinically silent Crohn's disease in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis unresponsive to conventional therapies.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory diseases with granulomatous nature. Here, we report a case of TA with a silent course of CD who was refractory to corticosteroid and immunosuppressive treatments and improved with adalimumab therapy.

Immunoglobulin subtypes predict therapy response to the biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

To analyze the effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) versus alternative TNF antagonists (aTNFs) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity in different subgroups of patients and relation with extraarticular manifestations of RA and to assess that RF-subsets have potential as predictors of clinical response to RTX. Patients with RA (n = 40, M/F: 3/37) who received aTNFs at least 6 months with good response (group I; n = 20) or discontinued at least one aTNFs because of the ineffectiveness and subsequently received RTX at least one course (group II; n = 20) were retrospectively evaluated. IgM-, IgA-, IgG-rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) levels were measured by ELISA technique. Extraarticular manifestations and radiological scores were also recorded. The mean (SD) age was 51.7 ± 6.5 years in group I and 52.1 ± 6.1 years in group II patients (p > 0.05). The median disease durations were higher in group II than group I [8.0 (2-30) vs. 13 (3-35) years, respectively, p = 0.04]. Presence of RF [13(61.9 %) vs. 20(100 %) p = 0.001] and extraarticular involvement [5(25 %) vs. 13(65 %) p = 0.01] were higher in group II patients. When Ig-RF subgroups analyzed, all subgroup (IgA, IgM, IgG) levels were higher in group II (p = 0.001, p = 0.05, p = 0.001). IgA-RF levels were significantly high in patients with extraarticular involvement (p = 0.04). Association between high RF levels and having extraarticular manifestations in RA patients may largely be attributed to the IgA isotype.

SARS-COV-2 MRNA vaccine-associated cutaneous vasculitis.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, global approach was to isolate populations with quarantine procedures to reduce the spread of this deadly virus until effective treatments are found or vaccines are developed. mRNA-based vaccines became available in the United States in March 2020. The Food and Drug Administration even issued an Emergency Use Authorization for individuals 16 years and older in December 2020. However, these rapid developments have brought along other problems such as possible side effects. As we develop and test a new treatment, it became clear how important side-effect management is. Here, we present a case of cutaneous vasculitis that developed on the fourth day of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. The patient was successfully treated with medium-dose methylprednisolone.

Dysexecutive syndrome: a specific pattern of cognitive impairment in systemic sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective-tissue disorder characterized by microvascular damage and tissue fibrosis. Although overt nervous system involvement is unusual in SSc, imaging studies have shown cerebral hypoperfusion. We evaluated cognitive functions in patients with SSc who had no history of neurological involvement, to seek cognitive impairment caused by the suggested cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery on 31 patients with SSc and on 2 groups of age-adjusted, sex-adjusted, and education-adjusted controls: 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 20 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The patients with SSc scored significantly worse on most of the measures of executive function than the 2 control groups (P<0.05). However, both patient groups did worse than the healthy controls on measures of attention and memory (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that patients with SSc have a specific pattern of cognitive impairment: the dysexecutive syndrome. Attentional and memory problems, however, may arise from other confounders such as disease duration and chronic medication use. SSc may be a rare cause of vascular cognitive impairment.

Vitamin D levels in patients with small and medium vessel vasculitis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with small and medium vessel systemic vasculitis. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D3 levels were measured in adult patients with systemic small and medium vessel vasculitis including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (CryV), IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (HS) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as control groups. 25OH vitamin D3 levels<30ng/ml and <20ng/ml were regarded as insufficiency and deficiency, respectively. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients (42 AAV, 2 CryV, 8 IgA vasculitis, 5 PAN) with systemic vasculitis, 101 HS, and 111 RA patients were included. The mean 25OH vitamin D3 level was 21.8±14.2ng/mL in patients with vasculitis, 42.7±27.6ng/mL in HS (p<.001) and 20.1±18.47ng/mL in patients with RA (p=.54). Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were significantly higher in patients with systemic vasculitis compared to HS (75.4% vs 33.7%, p<.001; %50 vs 21.8%, p<.001, respectively). Vitamin D status was not different in patients with systemic vasculitis compared to RA. There was a negative correlation between vitamin D status and CRP levels (=-.364, p=.007). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that renal involvement was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in patients with vasculitis (OR 22.5 [95% CI 1.6-128.9]. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are more frequent in patients with systemic small and medium vessel vasculitis and RA than HS. Renal involvement is one of the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in patients with vasculitis.

Novel and known periodontal pathogens residing in gingival crevicular fluid are associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a suspected environmental risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, correlation mechanisms between the two pathologies remain elusive. This study examined potential correlations between detached subgingival bacteria collected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and RA parameters. METHODS: RA patients (n = 52, F:M = 40:12), patients with Behcet's disease (BD, n = 40, F:M = 29:11) as another systemic inflammatory disease were studied along with a systemically healthy control group (HC, n = 57, F:M = 40:17). All participants were non-smokers. Full mouth periodontal parameters were recorded. RA activity was assessed using the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS-28). Rheumatoid factors (RFs)-IgM and -IgA were measured by ELISA. GCF samples were investigated by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization for 10 different bacterial taxa. RESULTS: The taxa TM7, Synergistetes cluster B, Leptotrichia, Megasphaera, Anaeroglobus geminatus, and Tannerella forsythia displayed significantly differential abundances between the groups. Whereas abundances of Megasphaera and A. geminatus were significantly increased in the RA group, only Porphyromonas gingivalis displayed significant correlations with plaque scores, bleeding on probing, and RF-IgA. RA patients displaying RF-IgA levels >75 IU/mL exhibited five-fold more abundant P. gingivalis levels than patients below the threshold. This association with RF-IgA levels appeared even more pronounced, by six-fold more P. gingivalis (P = 0.025), in patients with a DAS-28 score >3.2, indicative of moderate/very active RA. CONCLUSIONS: Unattached GCF bacteria may mediate the association between periodontitis and RA, and monitoring the bacterial composition of GCF might inform on RA activity. The role of newly identified bacterial taxa in RA warrants further investigations.

Elevated serum TREM-1 is associated with periodontitis and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) and peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) are involved in the propagation of inflammatory responses. This study investigated whether serum levels of TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 correlate with periodontitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. A total of 154 non-smoking participants with RA (n = 55, F/M: 41/14), Behçet´s disease (BD, n = 41, F/M: 30/11) and healthy controls (HC, n = 58, F/M: 40/18) were recruited. Serum and saliva were collected, the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS-28) was calculated and dental/periodontal measurements were recorded. Serum TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 levels were measured by ELISA and salivary bacterial DNA counts by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 levels were higher in RA (166.3 ± 94.3; 155.5 ± 226.9 pg/ml) than BD (102.3 ± 42.8; 52.5 ± 26.3 pg/ml) and HCs (89.8 ± 55.7; 67.4 ± 37.3 pg/ml) (p < 0.05). In RA, periodontitis was associated with increased TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 levels (p < 0.05), yet in patients under methotrexate TREM-1 levels were lower. TREM-1 correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, DAS-28 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, whereas PGLYRP1 positively correlated with CRP. RA patients displayed 3.5-fold higher salivary bacterial DNA counts than HCs. Increased serum TREM-1 levels correlated with PGLYRP1, CRP and DAS-28-ESR in RA patients with periodontitis.

Vitamin D Levels in Patients With Small and Medium Vessel Vasculitis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with small and medium vessel systemic vasculitis. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D3 levels were measured in adult patients with systemic small and medium vessel vasculitis including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (CryV), IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (HS) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as control groups. 25OH vitamin D3 levels<30ng/ml and <20ng/ml were regarded as insufficiency and deficiency, respectively. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients (42 AAV, 2 CryV, 8 IgA vasculitis, 5 PAN) with systemic vasculitis, 101 HS, and 111 RA patients were included. The mean 25OH vitamin D3 level was 21.8±14.2ng/mL in patients with vasculitis, 42.7±27.6ng/mL in HS (p<.001) and 20.1±18.47ng/mL in patients with RA (p=.54). Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were significantly higher in patients with systemic vasculitis compared to HS (75.4% vs 33.7%, p<.001; %50 vs 21.8%, p<.001, respectively). Vitamin D status was not different in patients with systemic vasculitis compared to RA. There was a negative correlation between vitamin D status and CRP levels (=-.364, p=.007). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that renal involvement was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in patients with vasculitis (OR 22.5 [95% CI 1.6-128.9]. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are more frequent in patients with systemic small and medium vessel vasculitis and RA than HS. Renal involvement is one of the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in patients with vasculitis.

Large joint and lower extremity involvement have higher impact on disease outcomes in oligoarticular psoriatic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Joints with different sizes and anatomical locations can be affected in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Our aim was to explore the effect of different joint patterns on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with mono-oligoarthritis. METHODS: Within PsArt-ID (Psoriatic Arthritis- International Database), 387/1670 patients who had mono-oligoarthritis (1-4 tender and swollen joints) were enrolled in cross-sectional assessment. The joints were categorized according to their size (small/large) and location (upper/lower extremity) and PROs, physician global assessment and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared. Analysis was made by categorizing according to joint counts (1-2 joints/ 3-4 joints). RESULTS: The mean age (SD) was 46.9 (14.24) with a mean (SD) PsA duration of 3.93 (6.03) years. Within patients with 1-2 involved joints (n = 302), size of the joints only had an impact on CRP values with large joints having higher CRP (P = .005), similar to lower extremity involvement (P = .004). PROs were similar regardless of size or location if 1-2 joints were inflamed. Within patients with 3-4 involved joints (n = 85), patient global assessment (PGA), pain, fatigue and physician global assessment were higher in the group with large joints. Similarly, PGA, pain, and physician global assessment were higher in patients with lower extremity involvement as well as higher CRP values. CONCLUSION: For PsA patients with 3-4 joints involved, lower extremity and large joints are associated with poorer outcomes with worse PROs, physician global assessment, and higher CRP. The size and anatomical location of the joints are less important for patients with 1-2 joints in terms of the PROs.

Psoriasis Symptom Inventory (PSI) as a patient-reported outcome in mild psoriasis: Real life data from a large psoriatic arthritis registry.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to test the validity of the Psoriasis Symptom Inventory (PSI), a patient-reported outcome, to assess the psoriasis severity within the scope of rheumatology. METHODS: Within the PsA international database (PSART-ID), 571 patients had PSI, while 322 of these also showed body surface area (BSA). Correlations between PSI, BSA, and other patient- and physician-reported outcomes were investigated. RESULTS: There was a good correlation between PSI and BSA (r=0.546, p<0.001), which was even higher for mild psoriasis (BSA<3 (n=164): r=0.608, p<0.001). PSI significantly correlated with fatigue, pain, and patient and physician global parameters (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: PSI has a good correlation with other patient- and physician-reported outcomes, and our findings support its use in rheumatology practice.

Impact of Having Family History of Psoriasis or Psoriatic Arthritis on Psoriatic Disease.

OBJECTIVE: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has a genetic background. Approximately 40% of patients with psoriasis or PsA have a family history of psoriasis or PsA, which may affect disease features. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of family history of psoriasis and PsA on disease phenotypes. METHODS: Data from 1,393 patients recruited in the longitudinal, multicenter Psoriatic Arthritis International Database were analyzed. The effects of family history of psoriasis and/or PsA on characteristics of psoriasis and PsA were investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 444 patients (31.9%) had a family history of psoriasis and/or PsA. These patients were more frequently women, had earlier onset of psoriasis, more frequent nail disease, enthesitis, and deformities, and less frequently achieved minimal disease activity. Among 444 patients, 335 only had psoriasis in their family, 74 had PsA, and 35 patients were not certain about having PsA and psoriasis in their family, so they were excluded from further analysis. In the multivariate analysis, family history of psoriasis was associated with younger age at onset of psoriasis (odds ratio [OR] 0.976) and presence of enthesitis (OR 1.931), whereas family history of PsA was associated with lower risk of plaque psoriasis (OR 0.417) and higher risk of deformities (OR 2.557). Family history of PsA versus psoriasis showed increased risk of deformities (OR 2.143) and lower risk of plaque psoriasis (OR 0.324). CONCLUSION: Family history of psoriasis and PsA impacts skin phenotypes, musculoskeletal features, and disease severity. The link between family history of psoriasis/PsA and pustular/plaque phenotypes may point to a different genetic background and pathogenic mechanisms in these subsets.