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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Sensitization to Blomia tropicalis is associated with asthma in various tropical and subtropical countries; however, information about the specific molecular components associated with this disease is scarce. Using molecular diagnosis, we sought to identify B tropicalis allergens associated with asthma in Colombia. METHODS: Specific IgE (sIgE) to 8 B tropicalis recombinant allergens (Blo t 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 21) was determined using an in-house ELISA system in asthma patients (n=272) and controls (n=298) recruited in a national prevalence study performed in several Colombian cities (Barranquilla, Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and San Andrés). The study sample included children and adults (mean [SD] age, 28 [17] years). Cross-reactivity between Blo t 5 and Blo t 21 was evaluated using ELISA-inhibition. RESULTS: Specific IgE (sIgE) to 8 B tropicalis recombinant allergens (Blo t 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 21) was determined using an in-house ELISA system in asthma patients (n=272) and controls (n=298) recruited in a national prevalence study performed in several Colombian cities (Barranquilla, Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and San Andrés). The study sample included children and adults (mean [SD] age, 28 [17] years). Cross-reactivity between Blo t 5 and Blo t 21 was evaluated using ELISA-inhibition. CONCLUSION: Although Blo t 5 and Blo t 21 are considered common sensitizers, this is the first report of their association with asthma. Both components should be included in molecular panels for diagnosis of allergy in the tropics.
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Alérgenos , Asma , Inmunoglobulina E , Humanos , Asma/inmunología , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/epidemiología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Adolescente , Colombia/epidemiología , Alérgenos/inmunología , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Reacciones Cruzadas , Clima Tropical , Prevalencia , PreescolarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Blomia tropicalis sensitization is associated with asthma in different tropical and sub-tropical countries; however, information about the specific molecular components associated with this disease is scarce. Using molecular diagnosis, we sought to identify B. tropicalis allergens associated with asthma in Colombia. METHODS: Specific IgE (sIgE) to eight B. tropicalis recombinant allergens (Blo t 2/5/7/8/10/12/13 and 21) was determined using an in-house developed ELISA system in asthmatic patients (n=272) and control subjects (n=298) recruited in a national prevalencestudy performed in Colombian cities (Barranquilla, Bogotá, Medellín, Cali and San Andrés). Sample study included children and adults (mean age: 28±SD 17 years old). Cross-reactivity between Blot 5 and Blo t 21 was evaluated by ELISA-inhibition. RESULTS: Sensitization to Blo t 21 (aOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2 - 2.9) and Blo t 5 (aOR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1 - 2.5), but not Blo t 2, was associated with asthma. sIgE levels to Blo t 21 and to Blo t 5 were significantly higher in the disease group. Cross-reactivity between Blo t 21 and Blo t 5 is on average moderate; however, individual analysis indicates that may be high (>50%) in some cases. CONCLUSIONS: Although Blo t 5 and Blo t 21 has been described as common sensitizers, this is the first report of their association with asthma. Both components should be included in molecular panels for allergy diagnosis in the tropics.
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OBJECTIVE: The management of renal trauma has been changing in recent years so that nowadays, even in high grades, an initial conservative treatment is advocated. The aim of this work is to review the presentation, initial attitude and evolution of the renal traumas treated in our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of patients with renal trauma treated at our institution in the last 10 years. Epidemiological variables, production mechanism, pediatric trauma index (PTI), treatment and evolution were analyzed. RESULTS: We studied 26 patients, 18 men (69.3%). The most frequent mechanism was the direct hit in 11 patients (42.31%). The most frequently side affected was the right one in 14 patients (53.85%). The grade III traumatism according to American Association for the surgery of Trauma (AAST) was the most repeated, 11 patients (42.31%). Nine patients (44.55%) presented concomitant injuries in other solid organs. In 24 patients (92.30%) the initial treatment was conservative with supportive measures. One patient presented with hemodynamic instability and an urgent intervention was conducted, performing a supraselective embolization with immediate control of the active bleeding. In another patient, a double J catheter was placed due to disruption of the excretory tract. Of the patients treated conservatively initially, only one patient (4.1%) required secondary surgical maneuvers due to a complication. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with renal trauma, non-surgical treatment is safe and effective. In case of hemodynamic instability or complication, interventional radiological techniques have been demonstrated to be safe and effective in the pediatric population.
OBJETIVO: El manejo del traumatismo renal ha ido variando en los últimos años de modo que en la actualidad, incluso en los grados altos, se aboga por un tratamiento inicial conservador. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la presentación, actitud inicial y evolución de los traumatismos renales atendidos en nuestra institución. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Revisión retrospectiva de pacientes con traumatismo renal atendidos en los últimos 10 años. Se analizaron las variables epidemiológicas, mecanismo de producción, índice de trauma pediátrico (ITP), tratamiento y evolución. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 26 pacientes, 18 varones (69,23%). La causa más frecuente fue el golpe directo en 11 pacientes (42,31%). El lado más frecuentemente afectado fue el derecho en 14 pacientes (53,85%). El traumatismo grado III según la American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) fue el más común, 11 pacientes (42,31%). Nueve pacientes (44,55%) presentaron lesiones concomitantes en otros órganos sólidos. En 24 pacientes (92,30%) el tratamiento inicial fue conservador con medidas de soporte. Un paciente se presentó con inestabilidad hemodinámica y se intervino de forma urgente realizándose embolización supraselectiva con control inmediato del sangrado activo. En otro paciente se colocó un catéter doble J por disrupción de la vía excretora. De los pacientes tratados de manera conservadora inicialmente solo 1 paciente (4,1%) requirió maniobras quirúrgicas secundarias debido a una complicación. CONCLUSIONES: En pacientes con traumatismo renal el tratamiento no quirúrgico es seguro y eficaz. En caso de inestabilidad hemodinámica o complicación, las técnicas radiológicas intervencionistas han demostrado ser seguras y efectivas en la edad pediátrica.
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Traumatismos Abdominales/terapia , Tratamiento Conservador/métodos , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Riñón/lesiones , Traumatismos Abdominales/patología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Puntaje de Gravedad del Traumatismo , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
AIM: Evaluation of the redundancy of abdominal ultrasound tests in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in a third level hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients treated for suspected acute appendicitis in 2011 at our center. The variables of the study were: age, origin of the patient, blood count, number of ultrasounds performed, surgery and final diagnosis based on surgical findings. We defined as redundant ultrasound the request for a new ultrasound in patients with a final diagnosis of appendicitis and previous positive ultrasound.nd total expressed as percentage of observed / expected lung volume (VPT o/e) and percentage of herniated liver (PHH). We studied: survival, ECMO and associated malformations. RESULTS: 340 patients with a mean age of 9.4 years (range 2-13) were analyzed, 278 of whom had appendicitis and 62 non-specific abdominal pain. 246 were derived from other centers of which 217 (88%) provided an ultrasound. Of the 198 patients referred with positive ultrasound, 76 cases were repeated, of which 78.9% can be considered as redundant. From the total of patients with appendicitis, 29.6% were operated on with 2 or more ultrasounds. Leukocytosis was not found to influence ultrasound redundancy (15,600 vs 15,100, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The 78.9% of the duplicate ultrasounds do not fit the definition of rational use of a diagnostic test. The greater request for ultrasound is not attributable to differences on the blood test results, nevertheless the origin of the patient seems to influence in that request.
OBJETIVO: Evaluación de la redundancia de la ecografía abdominal en el diagnóstico de la apendicitis aguda en un hospital de tercer nivel. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes atendidos por sospecha de apendicitis aguda en el año 2011 en nuestro centro. Las variables del estudio fueron: edad, origen del paciente, hemograma, número de ecografías realizadas, cirugía y diagnóstico final en función de los hallazgos quirúrgicos. Definimos como ecografía redundante la solicitud de una nueva ecografía en pacientes con diagnóstico final de apendicitis y ecografía previa positiva. RESULTADOS: 340 pacientes con una edad media de 9,4 años (rango 2-13) de los cuales 278 tuvieron apendicitis y 62 dolor abdominal inespecífico. 246 fueron derivados de otros centros de los que 217 (88%) aportaban una ecografía. De los 198 pacientes remitidos con ecografía positiva se repitió en 76 casos, de las cuales el 78,9% pueden considerarse redundantes. Del total de pacientes con apendicitis, el 29,6% se operó con 2 o más ecografías. No se halló que la leucocitosis influyera en la redundancia de pruebas (15.600 vs 15.100, p > 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: El 78,9% de las ecografías duplicadas no se ajusta a la definición de uso racional de una prueba diagnóstica. La mayor solicitud de ecografías no es atribuible a diferencias en los resultados analíticos, sin embargo, la procedencia del paciente podría influir en dicha solicitud.
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Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Apendicitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Leucocitosis/epidemiología , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Adolescente , Apendicitis/cirugía , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ultrasonografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Procedimientos Innecesarios/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Main objective: to perform a descriptive study of patients with nephroblastoma, diagnostic tests, medical and surgical treatment. Secondary objective: to evaluate the rate of relapse and 5-year survival and risk factors for relapse and death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with nephroblastoma treated according to the protocol of the SIOP-2001. Demographic variables, comorbidities and associated syndromes were collected. Other data were tumor location, size, extent and stage. The relapse rate and the development of other secondary tumors as well as the long-term survival were also studied. RESULTS: We collected 33 patients with nephroblastoma. A biopsy was performed in 7 patients (21.2%). The Kaplan-Meir curve for event-free survival (tumor recurrence) was 84% with a 95% CI = [0.73-0.98] and the Kaplan-Meier overall survival curve was 0.93 95% CI [0.85-1]. Recurrence occurred in all patients before the first year. CONCLUSIONS: Nephroblastoma is a tumor with a favorable prognosis. The unfavorable histology as well as advanced stages are factors of a poor prognosis. The follow-up must be exhaustive during the first year after the diagnosis.
OBJETIVOS: Objetivo principal: realizar un estudio descriptivo de los pacientes con nefroblastoma, las pruebas diagnósticas, el tratamiento médico y la actitud quirúrgica. Objetivo secundario: valorar la tasa de recidiva y de supervivencia a 5 años y los factores de riesgo para la recidiva y el fallecimiento. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con nefroblastoma tratados según el protocolo de la SIOP-2001. Se recogieron las variables demográficas, comorbilidades y síndromes asociados. Otros datos fueron la localización del tumor, el tamaño, la extensión y el estadio. Se estudió también la tasa de recidiva y/o el desarrollo de otros tumores secundarios así como la supervivencia a largo plazo. RESULTADOS: Se recogieron 33 pacientes con nefroblastoma. En 7 pacientes (21,2%) se realizó una biopsia. La curva de Kaplan-Meir para la supervivencia libre de evento (recidiva tumoral) fue del 84% con un IC 95%= [0,73-0,98] y la curva de Kaplan-Meier de supervivencia global fue de 0,93 IC 95% [0,85-1]. La recidiva se produjo en todos los pacientes antes del primer año. CONCLUSIONES: El nefroblastoma es un tumor con buen pronóstico. La histología desfavorable así como estadios avanzados son factores de mal pronóstico. El seguimiento debe ser exhaustivo durante el primer año tras el diagnóstico.
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Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Nefrectomía/métodos , Tumor de Wilms/cirugía , Biopsia/métodos , Preescolar , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Renales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Masculino , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tumor de Wilms/diagnóstico , Tumor de Wilms/patologíaRESUMEN
Helminthiasis may ameliorate inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. Information about immunomodulators from Ascaris lumbricoides is scarce, but could be important considering the co-evolutionary relationships between helminths and humans. We evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of a recombinant cystatin from A. lumbricoides on an acute model of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. From an A. lumbricoides cDNA library, we obtained a recombinant cystatin (rAl-CPI). Protease activity inhibition was demonstrated on cathepsin B and papain. Immunomodulatory effects were evaluated at two intraperitoneal doses (0.5 and 0.25 µg/G) on mice with DSS-induced colitis. Body weight, colon length, Disease Activity Index (DAI), histological inflammation score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, gene expression of cytokines and cytokines levels in colon tissue were analysed. Treatment with rAl-CPI significantly reduced DAI, MPO activity and inflammation score without toxic effects. Also, IL-10 and TGF-B gene overexpression was observed in rAl-CPI-treated group compared to DSS-exposed control and healthy mice. Furthermore, a reduction in IL-6 and TNF-A expression was found, and this was confirmed by the levels of these cytokines in colonic tissue. In conclusion, rAl-CPI reduces inflammation in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis, probably by increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reducing pro-inflammatory ones.
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Colitis/inmunología , Colitis/terapia , Cistatinas/administración & dosificación , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Animales , Ascaris lumbricoides/genética , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/patología , Colon/metabolismo , Cistatinas/genética , Cistatinas/inmunología , Citocinas/análisis , Sulfato de Dextran , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/inmunología , Inflamación/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Management of splenic rupture in haemodynamically stable children is non-surgical treatment. However, complications can occur during follow-up. Objective: to study the frequency, evolution and treatment of complications of conservative treatment of splenic rupture. Secondary objective: to evaluate the results of the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) clinical guideline in conservative treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with abdominal trauma between 2010-2016. We included children under 15 years of age with splenic injury after blunt abdominal trauma. Demographic variables, mechanism and degree of injury of American Association for the Surgery of Trauma were studied in the sample. The complications, the time of onset and their treatment were analyzed. The treatment was based on the recommendations of the APSA with the exception of ultrasound follow-up. In case of complications and according to the clinical and characteristics, embolization was indicated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were attended, 21 males (75%). The median age was 8.35 years (6.28-11.35). Seven patients (25%) presented complications: two arteriovenous fistula (AVF), three pseudo-aneurysms and two hemorrhages. The median time to diagnosis of complications was 5.67 days (P25 4- P75 5.75). Embolization was performed in two patients with pseudo-aneurysm. Another patient underwent emergency splenectomy for rebleeding. The rest of the complications resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: In splenic rupture, unlike APSA, ultrasound monitoring is useful to rule out early complications.
INTRODUCCION: El manejo estándar de las lesiones esplénicas en pacientes hemodinámicamente estables es el tratamiento no quirúrgico. Sin embargo, durante el seguimiento pueden surgir complicaciones. Objetivo: estudiar la frecuencia, evolución y tratamiento de las complicaciones del tratamiento conservador del traumatismo esplénico. Objetivo secundario: evaluar los resultados de la guía clínica de la American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) en el tratamiento conservador. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con traumatismo abdominal entre 2010-2016. Se incluyeron menores de 15 años con lesión esplénica tras un traumatismo abdominal cerrado. En la muestra se estudiaron variables demográficas, mecanismo y grado de lesión según la American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Se analizaron las complicaciones, el tiempo de aparición y su tratamiento. El tratamiento se fundamentó en las recomendaciones de la APSA a excepción del seguimiento ecográfico. En caso de aparición de complicaciones y en función de la clínica y de las características se indicó tratamiento con embolización. RESULTADOS: Se atendieron 28 pacientes, 21 varones (75%). La mediana de edad fue 8,35 años (6,28-11,35). Siete pacientes (25%) presentaron complicaciones: dos fístulas arteriovenosas (FAV), tres pseudoaneurismas y dos hemorragias. La media de tiempo para el diagnóstico de las complicaciones fue de 5,67 días. En dos pacientes con pseudoaneurisma se realizó embolización. Un paciente fue sometido a esplenectomía de urgencia por resangrado. El resto de complicaciones se resolvieron espontáneamente. CONCLUSIONES: En el traumatismo esplénico, a diferencia de la APSA, el seguimiento ecográfico en pacientes con lesiones de alto grado es útil para descartar complicaciones de forma precoz.
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Traumatismos Abdominales/complicaciones , Tratamiento Conservador/métodos , Rotura del Bazo/terapia , Heridas no Penetrantes/complicaciones , Aneurisma Falso/epidemiología , Aneurisma Falso/etiología , Fístula Arteriovenosa/epidemiología , Fístula Arteriovenosa/etiología , Niño , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hemorragia/epidemiología , Hemorragia/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Esplenectomía/métodos , Rotura del Bazo/etiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Analysis of prophylactic thyroidectomy cases carried out in our Center in patients with RET gene mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 25 patients with RET proto-oncogene mutations subjected to prophylactic thyroidectomy between January 2000 and January 2016. Epidemiologic variables, surgical technique, histological results and follow-up were studied. RESULTS: Our sample consists of 25 patients, 15 males and 10 females. The range of age was from 7 months to 12 years old, with a median of 5 years old. We obtained 21 cases with NEM2A, from which 19 (76%) presented 634 mutation and 2 (8%) presented 611 mutation. Four cases were NEM2B, all with 918 mutation. Microscopical findings showed microcarcinoma, in situ carcinoma or medullary thyroid carcinoma in 16 patients (64%). Eight of them showed hyperplasia (32%) and 1 presented fibrosis (4%). The presence of elevated calcitonin was correlated with histologic alterations in 7 cases (43.7%), without significant differences (χ2 0.3; p 0.6). From 16 patients with carcinoma (13 NEM2A and 3 NEM2B), 10 were 5 years old or less at the moment of the surgery. A total thyroidectomy was performed in all patients. There were no intra or post-surgical complications. During the follow-up of the patients, levels of calcitonin, calcium, parathormone, catecholamines and metanephrines were normal, except from one case. CONCLUSIONS: The study of RET proto-oncogene allows the identification of patients susceptible of performing a prophylactic thyroidectomy, which have to be carried out early, in an experienced centers.
OBJETIVO: Analizar los casos de tiroidectomía profiláctica realizados en nuestro centro en pacientes con mutaciones del gen RET. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 25 pacientes con mutación del protooncogén RET a los que se les realizó tiroidectomía profiláctica entre enero del 2000 y enero de 2016. Se estudiaron variables epidemiológicas, técnica quirúrgica, resultados anatomopatológicos y seguimiento. RESULTADOS: Nuestra serie consta de 25 pacientes, 15 varones y 10 mujeres. La mediana de la edad fue de 5 años con un rango de 7 meses a 12 años. Obtuvimos 21 casos con MEN2A de los que 19 (76%) presentaban la mutación 634 y 2 (8%) la mutación 611. Cuatro casos fueron MEN2B, todos con la mutación 918. Los hallazgos microscópicos revelaron microcarcimona, carcinoma in situ o carcinoma medular de tiroides en 16 casos (64%). 8 presentaron hiperplasia (32%) y 1 (4%) fibrosis. La presencia de calcitonina elevada se correlacionó con alteraciones anatomopatológicas en 7 casos (43,7%), pero no mostró diferencias significativas (χ² 0,3; p 0,6). De los 16 pacientes con carcinoma, (13 MEN2A, 3 MEN2B), 10 de ellos (62,5%) tenían 5 años o menos en el momento de la intervención. En todos los casos se realizó tiroidectomía total. No existieron complicaciones intra ni postoperatorias. Durante el seguimiento, los valores de calcitonina, calcio, paratohormona, catecolaminas y metanefrinas se han mantenido normales, excepto en 1 paciente. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio del protooncogén RET permite identificar pacientes susceptibles de realizar tiroidectomía profiláctica, la cual debe ser realizada de forma precoz, y en centros con experiencia.
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Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/prevención & control , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-ret/genética , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/prevención & control , Tiroidectomía/métodos , Calcitonina/sangre , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/epidemiología , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/genética , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Mutación , Proto-Oncogenes Mas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/genéticaRESUMEN
The availability of allergen molecules ('components') from several protein families has advanced our understanding of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses and enabled 'component-resolved diagnosis' (CRD). The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Molecular Allergology User's Guide (MAUG) provides comprehensive information on important allergens and describes the diagnostic options using CRD. Part A of the EAACI MAUG introduces allergen molecules, families, composition of extracts, databases, and diagnostic IgE, skin, and basophil tests. Singleplex and multiplex IgE assays with components improve both sensitivity for low-abundance allergens and analytical specificity; IgE to individual allergens can yield information on clinical risks and distinguish cross-reactivity from true primary sensitization. Part B discusses the clinical and molecular aspects of IgE-mediated allergies to foods (including nuts, seeds, legumes, fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, milk, egg, meat, fish, and shellfish), inhalants (pollen, mold spores, mites, and animal dander), and Hymenoptera venom. Diagnostic algorithms and short case histories provide useful information for the clinical workup of allergic individuals targeted for CRD. Part C covers protein families containing ubiquitous, highly cross-reactive panallergens from plant (lipid transfer proteins, polcalcins, PR-10, profilins) and animal sources (lipocalins, parvalbumins, serum albumins, tropomyosins) and explains their diagnostic and clinical utility. Part D lists 100 important allergen molecules. In conclusion, IgE-mediated reactions and allergic diseases, including allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, food reactions, and insect sting reactions, are discussed from a novel molecular perspective. The EAACI MAUG documents the rapid progression of molecular allergology from basic research to its integration into clinical practice, a quantum leap in the management of allergic patients.
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Alérgenos/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/diagnóstico , Inmunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/terapia , Pruebas Inmunológicas/métodos , Medicina de Precisión/métodosRESUMEN
AIM: To describe our experience as a tertiary center on the use of laparoscopic adrenal surgery in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study of patients with pathologic adrenal masses undergoing laparoscopic adrenal surgery, between 2012 and 2015. Epidemiological variables, surgical technique, complications and follow-up were studied. RESULTS: Nine patients were studied with a median age of 62 months (5-184). In 3 patients (33.33%) there was a prenatal diagnosis. Three patients had symptoms: hypertension and renal failure, precocious puberty, and an infected lymph node secondary to metastasis. In the rest, findings were incidental. In five patients the lesion was located on the right side and in four, on the left. The operation was performed laparoscopically. There was one conversion to open surgery because of poor visualization of the surgical field and no major intra- or postoperative complications were noted. The average hospital stay was 4 days (2-5). Postoperative pain was controlled during the first 24 hours with first step painkillers. Diagnoses were histologically confirmed: two ganglioneuroma, three neuroblastoma, bronchogenic cyst, pulmonary sequestration and adenoma. Mean follow-up was 22 months (1-53). CONCLUSIONS: In our series this surgical approach is associated with low morbidity and mortality, early recovery, shorter hospital stay and satisfactory results. We therefore propose laparoscopic adrenalectomy as a good alternative for approaching the pathologic adrenal masses in the pediatric population.
OBJETIVO: Describir nuestra experiencia como centro terciario en el uso de la laparoscopia para la exéresis de lesiones adrenales en la edad pediátrica. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de pacientes con lesiones en la glándula suprarrenal intervenidos de suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica entre los años 2012 y 2015. Se estudiaron variables epidemiológicas, técnica quirúrgica, complicaciones y seguimiento. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 9 pacientes con una mediana de 62 meses (5-184). Tres pacientes (33,33%) tenían un diagnóstico prenatal y tres pacientes debutaron con síntomas: hipertensión e insuficiencia renal, pubertad precoz y otro con un adenoflemón secundario a metástasis. En el resto, el hallazgo fue incidental. En cinco pacientes la lesión se situó en el lado derecho y en cuatro en el izquierdo. La intervención se realizó por vía laparoscópica. En un paciente se convirtió a cirugía abierta por mala visualización en el campo quirúrgico. No se produjeron complicaciones perioperatorias ni necesidad de trasfusión. La media de la estancia hospitalaria fue de 4 días (2-5). El dolor postoperatorio fue controlado durante las primeras 24 horas y con analgésicos de primer escalón. Los diagnósticos confirmados por histología fueron: seis neuroblastomas, dos ganglioneuromas y un adenoma. La media de seguimiento fue de 22 meses (1-53). CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra serie esta vía de abordaje está asociada a una baja morbimortalidad con una recuperación precoz, corta estancia hospitalaria y resultados satisfactorios. Por tanto, proponemos la adrenalectomía laparoscópica como una buena alternativa para el abordaje de las lesiones suprarrenales en la población pediátrica.
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Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/cirugía , Adrenalectomía/métodos , Laparoscopía , Niño , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The relationship between helminthiases and allergy is a matter of considerable interest and research. In the tropics, house dust mite exposure, a known risk factor for asthma, is frequently concurrent with helminth infections. It remains to be defined whether infection with the common roundworm Ascaris or its bystander immunological effects influence the prevalence and pathogenesis of asthma independently of mite sensitization. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the IgE responses to Ascaris and its purified allergens and the risk of asthma in a tropical country. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed in 356 subjects who reported current and past asthma symptoms (asthmatics) and 435 controls that had never experienced such symptoms. They were tested for serum levels of total IgE and specific IgE to Ascaris extract, Asc s 1 (ABA-1), Asc l 3 (tropomyosin) and GST (glutathione transferase). In addition, specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis and their tropomyosins Der p 10 and Blo t 10 was measured. Sensitization was defined as a positive specific IgE result to any extract or recombinant allergen. RESULTS: Sensitization to Ascaris and D. pteronyssinus was independently associated with asthma after adjustment for age, gender, socio-economic stratum, city and other IgE levels (adjusted ORs: 2.17; 95% CI 1.37-3.42 and 2.46; 95% CI 1.54-3.92), respectively. There was also a significant association with sensitization to the highly allergenic and cross-reactive tropomyosins Asc l 3, Blo t 10 and Der p10 (aORs: 1.76; 95% CI 1.21-2.57, 1.64; 95% CI 1.14-2.35 and 1.51; 95% CI 1.02-2.24), respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: IgE responses to Ascaris are associated with asthma symptoms in a population living in the tropics. Sensitization to the cross-reactive Ascaris and mite tropomyosins partially underlies this finding. These results have potential relevance in asthma diagnosis and management.
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Ascaris/inmunología , Asma/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Ácaros/inmunología , Tropomiosina/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Especificidad de Anticuerpos/inmunología , Asma/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience in the use of the guided hook wire placement to undergo thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary metastases in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review, between January 2008 and December 2014 of the patients that were diagnosed with pulmonary metastases by image and who underwent a thoracoscopic metastasectomy. Patients in whom a CT- guided hook was done before the surgery were included. RESULTS: Eleven procedures were done in ten patients with a median age of 10 years (range 2-16 years). The cancer diagnoses were: 4 osteosarcoma, 1 nephroblastoma, 1 suprarrenal carcinoma, 1 liver sarcoma, 1 pseudopappilary tumor of pancreas 2 hepatoblastomas. All patients had subpleural metastases (size 2-11 mm) and only one hook was used in each procedure. 8 patients had metastases at the time of diagnosis, and the other 2 were diagnosed during the follow-up of the primary cancer. The median follow-up was 27 months (range 2-28 months). In this period, two patients had relapse of the primary tumor, with exitus. At present, the other children are free disease. The CT-guided hook wire fixation was successful and without major complications in all patients. The lesion indentified by image was resected. The result was 4 malignant lesions, and 7 benigns. CONCLUSION: The use of the CT- guided needle and hook wire placement for the resection of the metastases lesions is a safe and effective technique. We consider it the technique to choice in case of solitary and subpleural lesions.
OBJETIVO: Describir nuestra experiencia en el uso de marcaje guiado por arpón para la realización de metastasectomía torascocópica pulmonar en pacientes en edad pediátrica. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de pacientes con diagnóstico radiológico de metástasis pulmonar en los que se realizó metastasectomía toracoscópica entre enero de 2008 y diciembre 2014. Se incluyeron aquellos pacientes en los que se utilizó, para la realización de la metastasectomía pulmonar, un marcaje de las lesiones mediante arpón guiado por tomografía axial computarizada. Aquellos en los que no se realizó esta técnica fueron excluidos de este análisis. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 11 procedimientos en un total de 10 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 10 años (rango 2-16). Los tumores primarios fueron 4 osteosarcomas, 1 nefroblastoma, 1 carcinoma suprarrenal, 1 sarcoma hepático, 1 tumor pseudopapilar de páncreas, 2 hepatoblastomas. Todos los pacientes tenían metástasis subpleurales (tamaño 2-11 mm) y se utilizó un único arpón en cada procedimiento. 8 pacientes tenían metástasis al diagnóstico y 2 durante la evolución de su tumor primario. El marcaje fue exitoso y sin complicaciones mayores en todos los pacientes. En todos se resecó la lesión que previamente habíamos marcado radiológicamente. Se hallaron 4 metástasis de tumor primario y 7 lesiones no malignas. Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 27 meses (rango 2-84 meses) dos pacientes tuvieron recaída de tumor primario con exitus. El resto se encuentra libre de enfermedad. CONCLUSION: El marcaje con arpón guiado por tomografía computarizada (TC) para la resección de las lesiones metastásicas es una técnica segura y eficaz. Lo consideramos técnica de elección en caso de lesiones únicas y subpleurales.
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AIMS: To describe our experience using Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) techniques in tertiary center with specific oncological pediatric surgery unit. METHODS: Retrospective review of patients undergoing MIS techniques in pediatric oncology surgery unit between January 2011 and December 2014. MIS procedures were considered made by both techniques such as laparoscopy and thoracoscopy with both diagnostic and therapeutic intent. RESULTS: 4 procedures were diagnostic and the rest were therapeutic: During the study, 56 procedures were performed by MIS. By type of technique, 13 were thoracoscopic (7 metastasectomies, 6 thoracic masses) and 43 laparoscopic (3 hepatic masses, 3 pancreatic masses 7 abdominal masses, 2 ovarian masses, 2 typhlitis 1 splenic mass and 25 oophorectomy for ovarian cryopreservation). In 5 cases (2 thoracic masses 1 pancreatic mass abdominal masses) conversion to open surgery to complete the procedure (2 for caution in the absence of vascular control bleeding 1 and 2 for lack of space) was necessary. In all cases safety principles of oncological surgery were respected. CONCLUSIONS: Providing an adecuate selection of patiens, MIS techniques are safe, reproducible and fulfill the objectives of quality of cancer surgery.
OBJETIVOS: Describir nuestra experiencia en el uso de técnicas de cirugía mínimamente invasiva (CMI) en un centro terciario con unidad específica de cirugía pediátrica oncológica. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Revisión retrospectiva de los pacientes intervenidos mediante técnicas de CMI en la unidad de cirugía oncológica pediátrica entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2014. Se consideraron procedimientos CMI las técnicas realizadas tanto por toracoscopia como por laparoscopia y con intención tanto diagnóstica como terapéutica. RESULTADOS: Durante el periodo de estudio se realizaron 56 procedimientos de CMI, 4 fueron diagnósticos y el resto terapéuticos. Por tipos de técnica, 13 fueron toracoscópicos (7 metastasectomías, 6 masas torácicas) y 43 laparoscópicos (3 masas hepáticas, 3 masas pancreáticas, 7 masas abdominales, 2 masas ováricas, 2 tiflitis, 1 masa esplénica y 25 ooforectomías para criopreservación ovárica). En 5 casos (2 masas torácicas, 1 masa pancreática y 2 masas abdominales) fue necesaria la conversión a cirugía abierta para finalizar el procedimiento (2 por precaución ante la falta de control vascular, 1 por sangrado y 2 por falta de espacio). En todos los casos se respetaron los principios de seguridad en cirugía oncológica. CONCLUSIONES: Si se realiza una selección adecuada de los pacientes, las técnicas de CMI son seguras, reproducibles y cumplen los objetivos de calidad de la cirugía oncológica.
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Duplications of the alimentary tract are congenital malformations. The ileum is the most commonly affected organ. A lot of duplications are incidentally diagnosed but most of patients present a combination of pain or complications such as obstructive symptoms, intestinal intussusception, perforation or volvulus. We report the case of a 6-years-old girl, with intermittent abdominal pain and vomits for two months long. Laboratory work was completely normal and in the radiology analysis (abdominal sonography and magnetic resonance) a cystic image with intestinal volvulus was observed. The patient underwent laparotomy, Ladd's procedure was done and the cyst was resected. In conclusion, if a patient is admitted with abdominal pain and obstructive symptoms, it is important to consider duplication of the alimentary tract as a possible diagnosis.
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Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Vólvulo Intestinal/etiología , Yeyuno/anomalías , Vómitos/etiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Vólvulo Intestinal/diagnóstico , Vólvulo Intestinal/cirugía , Laparotomía/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Neuropathic bladder (NB) is a lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) that may lead to kidney failure. Urodynamic study is the gold standard for its diagnosis and follow-up. A classic prognostic parameter to predict the risk of upper urinary tract damage (UUTD) is the detrusor leak point pressure (DLPP)â¯≥â¯â¯40â¯cmH2O, although this factor alone may lack prognostic value. The area under the curve (AUC) of the detrusor pressure tracing has been recently described as a prognostic factor. AIM: To analyze the clinical utility of the AUC of the detrusor pressure tracing in the pediatric population (<15 years). METHODS: Retrospective study of urodynamic recordings in pediatric population with NB from 2011 to 2020. The following variables were evaluated: detrusor leak point pressureâ¯≥â¯40â¯cmH2O, voiding dysfunction, bladder compliance and overactivity. The sample is classified according to clinical-radiological findings at the time of the UD. AUC is calculated using Newton-Cotes rules (trapezium, Simpson's rule) and its indexes are calculated according to bladder capacity (TI: Trapezium Index, SI: Simpson Index). Statistical significance: Pâ¯<â¯.05. RESULTS: Fifty-five recordings are analyzed. Unfavorable clinical condition was identified in 41.8% (nâ¯=â¯23) patients. Voiding dysfunction, low compliance and both indexes were associated with an unfavorable clinical condition (Pâ¯<â¯.05). ROC analysis showed the following AUC for the new indexes: TI (0.736, Pâ¯=â¯0.0006), SI (0.755, Pâ¯=â¯.0001) with a cut-off value of 10,69 and 8 cmH2O·s/cc, respectively. We did not find differences in the diagnostic performance between them (Pâ¯>â¯.05). CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed indexes are useful in the diagnosis of patients with NB and unfavorable clinical condition.
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Vejiga Urinaria Neurogénica , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Vejiga Urinaria , Vejiga Urinaria Neurogénica/diagnóstico , UrodinámicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ascaris lumbricoides induces a Th2 response and specific IgE synthesis in humans. This confers antiparasite immunity but could modify the natural history of allergic diseases in the tropics, justifying the study of its allergenic composition. We analyzed the allergenic properties of Ascaris tropomyosin and the frequency of sensitization in subjects exposed to the parasite. METHODS: cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription PCR, cloned into pQE30-UA and purified as a 6× His-tagged protein. Equivalence with its natural counterpart was analyzed by cross-inhibition and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Specific IgE was measured by ELISA in 175 asthmatics and 170 nonasthmatics naturally exposed to the parasite and sensitized to the Ascaris extract. RESULTS: The cDNA encoded 287 residues with high sequence identity with other invertebrate tropomyosins. The 40-kDa protein was recognized by human serum and affinity-purified anti-rBlo t 10 IgE. Specific IgE to tropomyosin could represent approximately 50% of the total IgE response to the extract. Ascaris tropomyosin induced wheal and flare in skin prick tests and histamine release from basophils. Although the prevalence of IgE to Ascaris tropomyosin was higher in asthmatic patients, logistic regression analysis suggested that this result was biased by sensitization to mites. CONCLUSIONS: A. lumbricoides tropomyosin (Asc l 3) is a new allergen that binds specific IgE, induces mediator release from effector cells and is cross-reactive to mite tropomyosins. IgE reactivity to this allergen is very frequent in both asthmatic and normal subjects sensitized to Ascaris extract. The potential role of Ascaris tropomyosin in asthma pathogenesis in tropical regions should be further investigated.
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Alérgenos/inmunología , Ascaris lumbricoides/inmunología , Asma/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Tropomiosina/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Alérgenos/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Ascaris lumbricoides/metabolismo , Niño , Colombia , Reacciones Cruzadas , Femenino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ácaros/inmunología , Ácaros/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Pruebas Cutáneas , Clima Tropical , Tropomiosina/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Nematode infections such as Ascariasis are important health problems in underdeveloped countries, most of them located in the tropics where environmental conditions also promote the perennial co-exposure to high concentrations of domestic mite allergens. Allergic diseases are common, and most of patients with asthma exhibit a predominant and strong IgE sensitization to mites. It is unknown whether co-exposure to Ascaris lumbricoides and the domestic mites Blomia tropicalis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus potentiates Th2 responses and IgE sensitization, thereby modifying the natural history of allergy. Recently, we obtained experimental evidence of a high cross-reactivity between the allergenic extracts of these invertebrates, involving well-known allergens such as tropomyosin and glutathione transferases. There is indirect evidence suggesting that the clinical impact of these findings may be important. In this review, we discuss the potential role of this cross-reactivity on several aspects of allergy in the tropics that have been a focus of a number of investigations, some of them with controversial results.
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Ascaris lumbricoides/inmunología , Reacciones Cruzadas , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Ácaros/inmunología , Animales , Ascariasis/complicaciones , Ascariasis/inmunología , Asma/inmunología , Asma/parasitología , Humanos , Infestaciones por Ácaros/complicaciones , Infestaciones por Ácaros/inmunologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Priapism is a prolonged erection that lasts longer than four hours. It is a rare pathology in the pediatric population, with an estimation of 0.3-1.5 per 100,000 children per year. The diagnostic sequence includes clinical history, physical examination and penile Doppler ultrasound (PDUS). Puncture of corpora cavernosa is not always necessary to establish the differential diagnosis between high-flow and low-flow priapism. The treatment of choice in pediatric age is not well defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multicentric, retrospective and descriptive study including patients under 14 years with high-flow priapism between 2010 and 2020. RESULTS: A total of seven patients were diagnosed with high-flow priapism. None of them required puncture of the corpora cavernosa. Patients were treated with a conservative management, two patients required superselective arterial embolization due to persistent symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: High-flow priapism is a very rare entity in pediatric age; therefore, knowing the proper diagnosis and management is crucial. Currently, penile doppler ultrasound is enough for diagnosis in most cases and allows obviating the use of blood gas analysis. Children should be initially treated with a conservative management, reserving embolization for refractory cases.
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INTRODUCTION: Priapism is a prolonged erection that lasts longer than four hours. It is a rare pathology in the pediatric population, with an estimation of 0.3-1.5 per 100,000 children per year. The diagnostic sequence includes clinical history, physical examination and penile Doppler ultrasound (PDUS). Puncture of corpora cavernosa is not always necessary to establish the differential diagnosis between high-flow and low-flow priapism. The treatment of choice in pediatric age is not well defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multicentric, retrospective and descriptive study including patients under 14 years with high-flow priapism between 2010 and 2020. RESULTS: A total of seven patients were diagnosed with high-flow priapism. None of them required puncture of the corpora cavernosa. Patients were treated with a conservative management, two patients required superselective arterial embolization due to persistent symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: High-flow priapism is a very rare entity in pediatric age; therefore, knowing the proper diagnosis and management is crucial. Currently, penile doppler ultrasound is enough for diagnosis in most cases and allows obviating the use of blood gas analysis. Children should be initially treated with a conservative management, reserving embolization for refractory cases.