Validation of the WHOQOL-Bref instrument in Brazilian sign language (Libras).

PURPOSE: The recognition of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) as the official language of the Brazilian deaf, in 2002, reaffirms the linguistic and cultural particularities of the deaf population. Therefore, there is a lack of a validated instrument for assessing the Quality of Life of deaf people using Libras. With authorization from the World Health Organization (WHO), a version of the WHOQOL-Bref in Libras was developed, called WHOQOL-Bref/Libras. However, its psychometric properties have not been examined as yet. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to perform the psychometric validation of the WHOQOL-Bref/Libras. METHODS: WHOQOL-Bref/Libras and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied to 311 deaf people from the five Brazilian regions. To assess temporal stability, the questionnaire was readministered to 52 deaf people, over an interval of 2 weeks. RESULTS: WHOQOL-Bref/Libras demonstrated satisfactory psychometric values for reliability, discriminant and construct validity, temporal stability, and internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed satisfactory values for each of the WHOQOL-Bref domains: Physical health (0.641), Psychological (0.705), Environment (0.710), and Overall-Bref domains (0.873). The WHOQOL-Bref/Libras is the appropriate option to assess the quality of life of deaf people who communicate through Libras. CONCLUSION: WHOQOL-Bref/Libras had a satisfactory psychometric performance; therefore, it is a valid option that will provide autonomous participation for the deaf in quality of life investigations.

[Historical, social and cultural aspects of the deaf population]. / Aspectos históricos e socioculturais da população surda.

This work redeems, contextualizes and features the social, historical and cultural aspects of the deaf community that uses the Brazilian Sign Language focusing on the social and anthropological model. The scope of this study was to conduct a bibliographical review in scientific textbooks and articles available in the Virtual Health Library, irrespective of the date of publication. 102 articles and 53 books were located, including 33 textbooks and 26 articles (four from the Lilacs database and 22 from the Medline database) that constituted the sample. Today, in contrast with the past, there are laws that guarantee the right to communication and attendance by means of the Brazilian Sign Language. The repercussion, acceptance and inclusion in health policies of the decrees enshrined in Brazilian laws is a major priority.

Instruments to assess the role of the clinical pharmacist: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The clinical pharmacist is an essential member of the healthcare team and plays an important role in health care in the primary care and the hospital setting. Knowledge regarding the instruments that evaluate the different activities of the clinical pharmacist, as well as the evaluation of the psychometric properties of these instruments, is necessary. METHODS: A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Scopus electronic databases without time and language restrictions. For the search strategy, the "pharmaceutical services," "validity studies," and "professional performance" domains were used. To assess the quality of the instruments, the five sources of validity evidence of contemporary psychometry were used, and the Joanna Briggs Institute's standardized instrument was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. After screening 4096 articles, 32 studies were selected. RESULTS: A total of 32 studies were included, and 32 instruments were identified to be used by pharmacists acting in various pharmaceutical practice scenarios. It was found that the available instruments were developed or adapted from others, with variation in the methods, constructs, dimensions, and domains, as well as the psychometric properties. Most of the instruments addressed community pharmacies, and evidence of content validity and internal structure was found most frequently. A standardized and validated instrument that comprehensively assessed the performance of the clinical pharmacist, addressing clinical activities, was not identified for all practice environments. CONCLUSIONS: Without standardized and validated instruments specifics to assess the performance of the clinical pharmacist, it is hard to establish the main clinical activities performed by pharmacists in their pharmaceutical practice environments and to propose training actions to improve professional practice. Despite the large number of instruments available and considered validated by the authors, it is questioned to what extent the validity indicators presented in the different studies really show the validation status. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD 42018099912.

Associated Factors of Quality of Life in Prison Officers, Brazil.

This study analyzed factors associated with the quality of life (QoL) of prison officers (POs) in the Midwest Region of Brazil. POs in five penitentiary units participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic data were obtained through face to face interview and a World Health Organization Quality of Life abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was applied to assess QoL. Student's t-test or ANOVA were used for bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression was applied for adjusted analysis. The domains used for outcomes were: physical, psychological, social relations, and the environment. The lowest score among WHOQOL-BREF domains was environment (59.9; 95%CI 58.0-61.5). After adjustment, the factors associated with the physical domain were 'female sex' and 'no history of workplace PO-PO violence'; factors associated with the psychological domain were 'female sex', 'without spouse', and 'no history of inmate-PO violence'; factors associated with the social relationships domain were 'female sex', 'work experience in years', 'no higher education', 'no private health insurance', and 'no history of inmate-PO violence'; and factors associated with environment domain were 'female sex', 'work experience in years', 'no private health insurance', and 'no history of PO-PO violence'. This study showed that female workers and those with a history of violence at work had worse QoL scores. This investigation highlights the importance of prison management in promoting QoL of POs, as well as support and development of strategies to prevent workplace violence.

The relation between deaf patients and the doctor.

UNLABELLED: Non-verbal communication is important when caring for deaf patients, fostering excellence in health care. AIM: an analysis of the legal and sociocultural aspects of the relation between deaf patients and physicians. METHODS: Computerized databases for the period between 1996 and 2006 were used for collecting data; the keywords 'patient', 'deaf person', 'communication' and 'health' were used. A non-systematic search was made in scientific publications. RESULTS: These studies were grouped into two categories: communication between deaf patients and physicians, who has to deal with communication barriers when caring for deaf patients, and the importance of non-verbal communication in healthcare. Deaf persons, their language, and their relation with physicians show the importance of sign language, endorsed by the Federal Law 10.436/02. CONCLUSIONS: When deaf patients and physicians meet, they need to overcome communication barriers that may hinder the necessary bond in healthcare and the care that is provided; this may also affect the diagnosis and treatment. It is clear that public institutions should create programs for training healthcare professionals in the appropriate care of deaf patients.

[Literature revision about the attendance of deaf patient by health professionals]. / Revisão de literatura sobre o atendimento ao paciente surdo pelos profissionais da saúde.

The purpose of this systematic literature review is to analyze and identify the communication between deaf patients and health professionals, as well as to investigate the care offered. The computerized databases were used for data collection, using the keywords paciente (patient), surdo (deaf person), and comunicação (communication). The results were grouped in three categories: communication, health professional education, and legal aspects. The communication category deals with communicative barriers, written language and the presence of the interpreter. In the second category, the focus is on the education of the professionals in relation to the deaf community. The third category reports the legal aspects involved in caring for deaf patients. The review showed that there are communication barriers between deaf patients and health professionals, and that health care is a challenge for both. It also emphasized that there is a need for education regarding the deaf patients.

[Quality of life of the work of physical therapy course teachers in Goiânia in the State of Goiás, Brazil]. / Qualidade de vida no trabalho de fisioterapeutas docentes no município de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil.

The scope of this article is to analyze the quality of work life of the physical therapy course teachers in the city of Goiânia in the state of Goiás. It involved a cross-sectional study of 65 physical therapy teachers in Goiânia. The participants who had worked for less than six months in the profession and those who failed to fill out the questionnaire in full were excluded from the research. A socio-demographic and the Total Quality of Work Life (TQWL-42) questionnaire were used to assess the quality of work life. It was established that the teachers who taught in graduate courses and who held management positions presented significantly better averages than those who only taught in undergraduate courses. Satisfaction with income and with the teaching activity also showed significant results influencing the quality of work life of the participants. Work in positions and locations that allow greater autonomy, status and remuneration, as well as subjective evaluation of satisfaction with income and teaching work, influenced the quality of work life of physical therapy teachers.

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a qualidade de vida no trabalho de fisioterapeutas docentes de cursos de fisioterapia no município de Goiânia-GO. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 65 docentes. Foram incluídos fisioterapeutas docentes do curso de fisioterapia no município de Goiânia. Foram excluídos aqueles que estavam afastados, com menos de seis meses de atividade e que responderam os questionários de forma incompleta. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o Total Quality of Work Life (TQWL-42) para avaliação da qualidade de vida no trabalho. Verificou-se que os docentes que atuavam em pós-graduação, ou exerciam cargo de chefia apresentaram médias significativamente melhores que aqueles que atuavam apenas na graduação. A satisfação com a renda e com a atividade docente também apresentou resultados significativos, influenciando a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos participantes. A atuação em cargos e locais que permitem maior autonomia, posição social e remuneração, assim como a avaliação subjetiva da satisfação com a renda e com a atuação na docência, influenciaram a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos fisioterapeutas docentes.

Percepção de sintomas osteomusculares e sua repercussão nas atividades de vida diária em intérpretes de língua de sinais / Musculoskeletal symptoms perception and its impact on language interpreters' daily lives

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a percepção de sintomas osteomusculares e sua repercussão nas atividades de vida diária referidas por intérpretes da língua brasileira de sinais (libras). Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa de natureza descritiva-analítica, utilizando a análise de conteúdo categorial temática. Foi aplicado questionário sociodemográfico e realizada entrevista semiestruturada com 12 profissionais intérpretes de libras, atuantes nas redes de ensino nos níveis fundamental, médio e superior do município de Goiânia, convidados via redes sociais, no primeiro semestre de 2021. Resultados: foram identificadas três categorias temáticas: percepção álgica, percepção de cansaço e atividades de vida diária. Os profissionais estavam trabalhando remotamente devido à pandemia da doença COVID-19, cujo regime permitiu uma flexibilização do processo de trabalho com aulas on-line, eventos, palestras e congressos a partir do domicílio do trabalhador. Houve um aumento expressivo da demanda física e psicológica, devido ao aumento das atividades a serem cumpridas e por estarem ausentes os limites entre ambiente de "trabalho" e "casa". Conclusão: os participantes apresentaram percepções negativas em todos os aspectos avaliados, evidenciando a existência de sobrecarga na atuação como intérprete de língua de sinais.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the perception of musculoskeletal symptoms and their repercussion in the activities of daily living reported by professional Brazilian sign language interpreters (LIBRAS). Methods: descritive-analytical qualitative research, using thematic categorical content analysis. We used a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview with 12 professional LIBRAS interpreters, working in the primary, secondary, and superior education in the municipality of Goiânia. They were invited via social media, in the first half of 2021. Results: we identified three thematic categories: pain perception, perception of tiredness, and activities of daily living. The professionals were working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This allowed flexibility in the work schedule, with online classes, events, lectures, and congresses participation from the worker's home. Conclusion: the participants had negative perceptions in all aspects evaluated, evidencing an overload in acting as a sign language interpreter in educational activities.

[Assistance to the deaf in the health area as a factor of social inclusion]. / Assistência ao surdo na area de saúde como fator de inclusão social.

The purposes of this article are to discuss the assistance to deaf people in the health area as a factor of social inclusion; to investigate with the deaf how the link with health workers is established; and to verify the deaf people's perception of the presence of sign language interpreters when they get health assistance. This is a descriptive and analytical survey with a qualitative approach carried out at a special school in Goiânia. The sample was comprised of 20 deaf students, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. It was verified that the link is established when health workers are able to communicate with the deaf. The inclusion of the deaf in the health services is an evidence of difficulties in communication. It was concluded that the professional-client relationship must be improved, that the link occurs when the client feels himself/ herself understood, and that the presence of an interpreter improves but is not enough to ensure the inclusion of the deaf.

Qualidade de vida no trabalho de fisioterapeutas docentes no município de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil / Quality of life of the work of physical therapy course teachers in Goiânia in the State of Goiás, Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a qualidade de vida no trabalho de fisioterapeutas docentes de cursos de fisioterapia no município de Goiânia-GO. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 65 docentes. Foram incluídos fisioterapeutas docentes do curso de fisioterapia no município de Goiânia. Foram excluídos aqueles que estavam afastados, com menos de seis meses de atividade e que responderam os questionários de forma incompleta. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o Total Quality of Work Life (TQWL-42) para avaliação da qualidade de vida no trabalho. Verificou-se que os docentes que atuavam em pós-graduação, ou exerciam cargo de chefia apresentaram médias significativamente melhores que aqueles que atuavam apenas na graduação. A satisfação com a renda e com a atividade docente também apresentou resultados significativos, influenciando a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos participantes. A atuação em cargos e locais que permitem maior autonomia, posição social e remuneração, assim como a avaliação subjetiva da satisfação com a renda e com a atuação na docência, influenciaram a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos fisioterapeutas docentes.

Abstract The scope of this article is to analyze the quality of work life of the physical therapy course teachers in the city of Goiânia in the state of Goiás. It involved a cross-sectional study of 65 physical therapy teachers in Goiânia. The participants who had worked for less than six months in the profession and those who failed to fill out the questionnaire in full were excluded from the research. A socio-demographic and the Total Quality of Work Life (TQWL-42) questionnaire were used to assess the quality of work life. It was established that the teachers who taught in graduate courses and who held management positions presented significantly better averages than those who only taught in undergraduate courses. Satisfaction with income and with the teaching activity also showed significant results influencing the quality of work life of the participants. Work in positions and locations that allow greater autonomy, status and remuneration, as well as subjective evaluation of satisfaction with income and teaching work, influenced the quality of work life of physical therapy teachers.

[Instruments in Brazilian Sign Language for assessing the quality of life of the deaf population]. / Instrumentos em Lingua Brasileira de Sinais para avaliacao da qualidade de vida da populacao surda.

OBJECTIVE: To construct versions of the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS instruments in Brazilian sign language to evaluate the Brazilian deaf population's quality of life. METHODS: The methodology proposed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS) was used to construct instruments adapted to the deaf community using Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The research for constructing the instrument took placein 13 phases: 1) creating the QUALITY OF LIFE sign; 2) developing the answer scales in Libras; 3) translation by a bilingual group; 4) synthesized version; 5) first back translation; 6) production of the version in Libras to be provided to the focal groups; 7) carrying out the Focal Groups; 8) review by a monolingual group; 9) revision by the bilingual group; 10) semantic/syntactic analysis and second back translation; 11) re-evaluation of the back translation by the bilingual group; 12) recording the version into the software; 13) developing the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS software in Libras. RESULTS: Characteristics peculiar to the culture of the deaf population indicated the necessity of adapting the application methodology of focal groups composed of deaf people. The writing conventions of sign languages have not yet been consolidated, leading to difficulties in graphically registering the translation phases. Linguistics structures that caused major problems in translation were those that included idiomatic Portuguese expressions, for many of which there are no equivalent concepts between Portuguese and Libras. In the end, it was possible to create WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS software in Libras. CONCLUSIONS: The WHOQOL-BREF and the WHOQOL-DIS in Libras will allow the deaf to express themselves about their quality of life in an autonomous way, making it possible to investigate these issues more accurately.

Qualidade de vida dos surdos que se comunicam pela língua de sinais: revisão integrativa / Quality of life of deaf people who communicate in sign language: integrative review / Calidad de vida de los sordos que se comunican por la lengua de signos: revisión de integración

O estudo objetivou revisar a produção científica sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de surdos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e Portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Os resultados indicam que sintomas de ansiedade e depressão são mais acentuados nos surdos e podem estar relacionados a dificuldades de comunicação. As pessoas que vivenciam problemas de comunicação evitam novas relações sociais, e isso pode aumentar o isolamento social e reduzir a QVRS. Para os surdos que se comunicam pela Língua de Sinais, a QVRS só pode ser efetivamente avaliada por instrumentos traduzidos e adaptados em sua língua. Conclui-se que a surdez tem um impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de pessoas surdas.

The purpose of this study was to review the scientific production on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of deaf people. This was an integrative review carried out in the Virtual Health Library, PubMed and CAPES (Coordination Office for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) periodicals portal. The results indicated that anxiety and depression symptoms are greater among deaf people and may be related to difficulties in communication. People who experience communication problems avoid new social relationships and this may increase social isolation and diminish HRQOL. For deaf people who communicate in sign language, HRQOL can only be effectively evaluated by instruments that have been translated and adapted to their language. In conclusion, deafness has a negative impact on these individuals’ HRQOL.

El objetivo del estudio fue revisar la producción científica sobre la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (QVRS, por sus siglas en portugués) de los sordos. Se trata de una revisión de integración realizada en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, PubMed y Portal de periódicos de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior (Capes). Los resultados indican que los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión son más acentuados en los sordos y pueden estar relacionados con dificultades de comunicación. Las personas que tienen problemas de comunicación evitan nuevas relaciones sociales y eso puede aumentar el aislamiento social y reducir la QVRS. Para los sordos que se comunican por la Lengua de Signos, la QVRS solamente puede evaluarse efectivamente por medio de instrumentos traducidos y adaptados a su lengua. Se concluye que la sordera causa un impacto negativo sobre la QVRS de los sordos.

Instrumentos em Lingua Brasileira de Sinais para avaliacao da qualidade de vida da populacao surda / Instrumentos en Lengua Brasilena de Senales para evaluacion de la calidad de vida de la poblacion sorda / Instruments in Brazilian Sign Language for assessing the quality of life of the deaf population

OBJETIVO: Construir a versão em Língua Brasileira de Sinais dos instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-DIS para avaliar a qualidade de vida da população surda brasileira. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se metodologia proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-DIS) para a construção dos instrumentos adaptados para população surda em Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). A pesquisa para execução do instrumento consistiu de 13 etapas: 1) criação do sinal qualidade de vida; 2) desenvolvimento das escalas de respostas em Libras; 3) tradução por um grupo bilíngue; 4) versão reconciliadora; 5) primeira retrotradução; 6) produção da versão em Libras a ser disponibilizada aos grupos focais; 7) realização dos grupos focais; 8) revisão por um grupo monolíngue; 9) revisão pelo grupo bilíngue; 10) análise sintática/semântica e segunda retrotradução; 11) reavaliação da retrotradução pelo grupo bilíngue; 12) filmagem da versão para o software; 13) desenvolvimento do software WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-DIS em Libras. RESULTADOS: Características peculiares da cultura da população surda apontaram a necessidade de adaptações na metodologia de aplicação de grupos focais quando compostos por pessoas surdas. As convenções ortográficas da escrita das línguas sinalizadas não estão consolidadas, o que trouxe dificuldades em registrar graficamente as etapas de tradução. As estruturas linguísticas que causaram maiores problemas de tradução foram as que incluíram expressões idiomáticas do português, muitas sem conceitos equivalentes entre o português e a Libras. Foi possível construir um software do WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-DIS em ...

OBJETIVO: Construir la versión en Lengua Brasileña de Señales de los instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS para evaluar la calidad de vida de la población sorda brasileña. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó la metodología propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS) para la construcción de los instrumentos adaptado para la población sorda en Lengua Brasileña de Señales (Libras). La investigación para ejecución del instrumento consistió de 13 etapas: 1) creación de la señal de calidad de vida; 2) desarrollo de las escalas de respuestas en Libras; 3) traducción por un grupo bilingüe; 4) versión reconciliadora; 5) primera retro-traducción; 6) producción de la versión en Libras a ser disponibilizada a los grupos focales; 7) realización de los grupos focales; 8) revisión por un grupo monolingüe; 9) revisión por un grupo bilingüe; 10) análisis sintáctico/semántico y segunda retro-traducción; 11) re-evaluación de la retro-traducción por el grupo bilingüe; 12) grabación de la versión para el software; 139 desarrollo del software WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-DIS en Libras. RESULTADOS: Características peculiares de la cultura de la población sorda señalaron la necesidad de adaptaciones en la metodología de aplicación de grupos focales al estar compuestos por personas sordas. Las convenciones ortográficas de la escritura de las lenguas señalizadas no están consolidadas, lo que trajo dificultades para registrar gráficamente las etapas de la traducción. Las estructuras lingüísticas que causaron mayores problemas de traducción fueron las que incluyeron expresiones idiomáticas del portugués, muchas sin conceptos equivalentes entre el portugués y la Libras. Fue posible ...

OBJECTIVE: To construct versions of the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS instruments in Brazilian sign language to evaluate the Brazilian deaf population's quality of life. METHODS: The methodology proposed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS) was used to construct instruments adapted to the deaf community using Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The research for constructing the instrument took placein 13 phases: 1) creating the QUALITY OF LIFE sign; 2) developing the answer scales in Libras; 3) translation by a bilingual group; 4) synthesized version; 5) first back translation; 6) production of the version in Libras to be provided to the focal groups; 7) carrying out the Focal Groups; 8) review by a monolingual group; 9) revision by the bilingual group; 10) semantic/syntactic analysis and second back translation; 11) re-evaluation of the back translation by the bilingual group; 12) recording the version into the software; 13) developing the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS software in Libras. RESULTS: Characteristics peculiar to the culture of the deaf population indicated the necessity of adapting the application methodology of focal groups composed of deaf people. The writing conventions of sign languages have not yet been consolidated, leading to difficulties in graphically registering the translation phases. Linguistics structures that caused major problems in translation were those that included idiomatic Portuguese expressions, for many of which there are no equivalent concepts between Portuguese and Libras. In the end, it was possible to create WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS software in Libras. CONCLUSIONS: The WHOQOL-BREF and the WHOQOL-DIS in Libras will allow the deaf to express themselves about their quality of life in an autonomous way, making it possible to investigate these issues more accurately. .

Aspectos historicos e socioculturais da populacao surda / Historical, social and cultural aspects of the deaf population

Resgata, contextualiza e caracteriza os aspectos sócio-históricos e culturais da comunidade surda que usa a Língua Brasileira de Sinais com enfoque no modelo socioantropológico. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a revisão bibliográfica em livros-textos e artigos científicos disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, independentemente da data de publicação. Foram encontrados 102 artigos e 53 livros, dos quais 33 livros-textos e 26 artigos (quatro da base de dados Lilacs e 22 da Medline) constituíram a amostra. Hoje, em contraste com o passado, há leis que asseguram o direito de comunicação e atendimento por meio da Língua Brasileira de Sinais. É urgente a repercussão, aceitação e inserção, nas políticas de saúde, do que estabelecem as leis brasileiras.

This work redeems, contextualizes and features the social, historical and cultural aspects of the deaf community that uses the Brazilian Sign Language focusing on the social and anthropological model. The scope of this study was to conduct a bibliographical review in scientific textbooks and articles available in the Virtual Health Library, irrespective of the date of publication. 102 articles and 53 books were located, including 33 textbooks and 26 articles (four from the Lilacs database and 22 from the Medline database) that constituted the sample. Today, in contrast with the past, there are laws that guarantee the right to communication and attendance by means of the Brazilian Sign Language. The repercussion, acceptance and inclusion in health policies of the decrees enshrined in Brazilian laws is a major priority.

O ensino da ética nos cursos de graduação da área de saúde / Teaching ethics in undergraduate health courses

Análise de artigos brasileiros sobre o ensino da ética nos cursos de graduação da área de saúde no período de janeiro de 1997 a janeiro de 2009, mediante pesquisa realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Vinte seis artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão; dentre eles, a área com maior destaque em publicações foi a de Medicina (19), seguida por Enfermagem (5) e pelas áreas de Psicologia e Odontologia (1 cada). Com uso da técnica da Análise de Conteúdo, identificaram-se nos textos três categorias temáticas: reflexões teóricas e filosóficas; aspectos pedagógicos e metodológicos; avaliação da aprendizagem da ética. A análise indicou que influenciam mais intensamente na aprendizagem da ética o tempo de exposição ao conteúdo e sua transversalidade nas disciplinas dos cursos. Também se destacaram a utilização de metodologias ativas, assim como a formação e a atitude ética do docente. Diante do cenário de mudanças na educação, avanços tecnológicos e científicos, e no próprio campo da bioética, torna-se essencial investir na discussão sobre a situação da ética no ensino em saúde.

This study provides an analysis of Brazilian articles on the teaching of ethics in undergraduate health courses from January 1997 to January 2009, using a search in the Virtual Health Library (VHL). Twenty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. The health fields receiving the main emphasis were medicine (19), nursing (5), and psychology and dentistry (1 each). Using content analysis, three thematic categories were identified: theoretical and philosophical reflections; pedagogical and methodological issues; and evaluation of the teaching of ethics. The main factors that influenced the learning of ethics were time of exposure to the course content and a crosscutting approach to ethics in the various other course disciplines. The study also highlighted the use of active methodologies and the professor's ethical background and attitude. Given current changes in education, technological and scientific progress, and the field of bioethics itself, it is necessary to discuss how ethics is taught in the health professions.

Relação do paciente surdo com o médico: [revisão] / The relation between deaf patients and the doctor: [revisio]

A comunicação não-verbal é importante no atendimento aos pacientes surdos e permite a excelência do cuidar em saúde. OBJETIVO: Analisar os aspectos legais e socioculturais da relação entre o paciente surdo e o médico. MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados informatizados para a coleta de dados, no período de 1996 a 2006, tendo como palavras-chave "paciente", "surdo", "comunicação" e "saúde". Realizou-se também busca não-sistemática em publicações científicas. RESULTADOS: Foram agrupados em duas categorias: a comunicação do paciente surdo com o médico ouvinte que trata das barreiras no atendimento ao paciente surdo e a importância da comunicação não-verbal na assistência à saúde. O surdo, sua língua e a relação médico-paciente que aborda as características da Língua de Sinais, tendo como respaldo constitucional a Lei Federal nº 10.436/02. CONCLUSÃO: Quando os pacientes surdos e os médicos se encontram, se deparam com barreiras comunicativas que comprometem o vínculo a ser estabelecido e a assistência prestada, podendo interferir no diagnóstico e no tratamento. Ficou clara a necessidade de as instituições públicas oportunizarem programas que visem à formação dos profissionais para adequada assistência aos pacientes surdos.

Non-verbal communication is important when caring for deaf patients, fostering excellence in health care. AIM: an analysis of the legal and sociocultural aspects of the relation between deaf patients and physicians. METHODS: Computerized databases for the period between 1996 and 2006 were used for collecting data; the keywords "patient", "deaf person", "communication" and "health" were used. A non-systematic search was made in scientific publications. RESULTS: These studies were grouped into two categories: communication between deaf patients and physicians, who has to deal with communication barriers when caring for deaf patients, and the importance of non-verbal communication in healthcare. Deaf persons, their language, and their relation with physicians show the importance of sign language, endorsed by the Federal Law 10.436/02. CONCLUSIONS: When deaf patients and physicians meet, they need to overcome communication barriers that may hinder the necessary bond in healthcare and the care that is provided; this may also affect the diagnosis and treatment. It is clear that public institutions should create programs for training healthcare professionals in the appropriate care of deaf patients.

Revisão de literatura sobre o atendimento ao paciente surdo pelos profissionais da saúde: [revisão] / Literature revision about the attendance of deaf patient by health professionals: [review] / Revisión de la bibliografía sobre la atención de los profesionales de salud al paciente sordo: [revisión]

O objetivo deste estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura é analisar e identificar a comunicação entre o paciente surdo e o profissional da saúde, bem como investigar a assistência oferecida. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados informatizadas para a coleta de dados, tendo como palavras-chave os termos paciente, surdo e comunicação. Os resultados foram agrupados em três categorias: comunicação, formação dos profissionais da saúde e aspectos legais. A categoria comunicação aborda barreiras comunicativas, linguagem escrita e a presença do intérprete. Na segunda categoria, o foco está na formação dos profissionais referentes à comunidade surda. A terceira categoria relata os aspectos legais no atendimento ao paciente surdo. A revisão mostrou que há barreiras de comunicação entre paciente surdo e profissional da saúde, e que o atendimento é um desafio para ambos. Ressalta também a necessidade de formação sobre o paciente surdo.

The purpose of this systematic literature review is to analyze and identify the communication between deaf patients and health professionals, as well as to investigate the care offered. The computerized databases were used for data collection, using the keywords paciente (patient), surdo (deaf person), and comunicação (communication). The results were grouped in three categories: communication, health professional education, and legal aspects. The communication category deals with communicative barriers, written language and the presence of the interpreter. In the second category, the focus is on the education of the professionals in relation to the deaf community. The third category reports the legal aspects involved in caring for deaf patients. The review showed that there are communication barriers between deaf patients and health professionals, and that health care is a challenge for both. It also emphasized that there is a need for education regarding the deaf patients.

El objetivo de este estudio de revisión sistémica es analizar e identificar la comunicación entre el paciente sordo y el profesional de salud, así como investigar la atención brindada. Fueron utilizadas las bases de datos informatizadas para la recolección de datos, siendo las palabras claves paciente, surdo y comunicação. Los resultados fueron agrupados en tres categorías: comunicación, formación de los profesionales de salud y aspectos legales. La categoría comunicación trata sobre las barreras comunicativas, el lenguaje escrito y la presencia del intérprete. En la segunda categoría el enfoque fue dado a la formación de los profesionales con respecto a la población sorda. Finalmente, la tercera categoría referida a los aspectos legales en la atención al paciente sordo. Esta revisión demostró que existen barreras comunicativas entre el paciente sordo y el profesional de salud. Asimismo, la atención es un reto para ambos, destacando la necesidad de invertir en la formación de profesionales para prestar cuidados al paciente sordo.

Assistência ao surdo na área de saúde como fator de inclusão social / Assistance to the deaf in the health area as a factor of social inclusion

Este estudo objetivou discutir a assistência ao surdo na área de saúde como fator de inclusão social; investigar junto aos surdos como se estabelece o vínculo com os profissionais da saúde; verificar percepções dos surdos quanto à presença de intérpretes de língua de sinais, quando recebem assistência à saúde. Pesquisa descritivo-analítica, com abordagem qualitativa realizada em uma escola especial em Goiânia. A amostra constou de 20 alunos surdos e a entrevista semi-estruturada foi utilizada para coletar os dados. Constatou-se que o vínculo é estabelecido quando os profissionais conseguem comunicar-se com os surdos; a inclusão do surdo nos serviços de saúde evidencia dificuldades de comunicação. Concluiu-se que a relação profissional cliente precisa ser melhorada; que o vínculo ocorre quando o cliente se sente compreendido e que a presença do intérprete melhora, mas não contribui totalmente para a inclusão social do surdo.

The purposes of this article are to discuss the assistance to deaf people in the health area as a factor of social inclusion; to investigate with the deaf how the link with health workers is established; and to verify the deaf people's perception of the presence of sign language interpreters when they get health assistance. This is a descriptive and analytical survey with a qualitative approach carried out at a special school in Goiânia. The sample was comprised of 20 deaf students, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. It was verified that the link is established when health workers are able to communicate with the deaf. The inclusion of the deaf in the health services is an evidence of difficulties in communication. It was concluded that the professional-client relationship must be improved, that the link occurs when the client feels himself/herself understood, and that the presence of an interpreter improves but is not enough to ensure the inclusion of the deaf.

En este estudio se tuvo como objetivo discutir la asistencia al sordo en el área de salud como factor de inclusión social; investigar junto a los sordos, cómo se establece el vínculo con los profesionales de salud; verificar las percepciones de los sordos en cuanto a la presencia de intérpretes del idioma de señales cuando recibe asistencia a la salud. Investigación descriptivo-analítica, con abordaje cualitativo realizada en una escuela especial en Goiânia. La muestra constó de 20 alumnos sordos y la entrevista semi-estructurada se utilizó para recolectar los datos. Se constató que el vínculo se establece cuando los profesionales consiguen comunicarse con los sordos; la inclusión del sordo en los servicios de salud evidencia dificultades de comunicación. Se concluyó que la relación profesional-cliente requiere ser mejorada; que el vínculo ocurre cuando el cliente se siente comprendido y que la presencia del intérprete mejora, mas no contribuye totalmente a la inclusión del sordo.

Atendimento à pessoa surda que utiliza a língua de sinais, na perspectiva do profissional da saúde / Caring for a person that uses deaf sign language in the perspective of the health professional

Pesquisa descritivo-analítica com abordagem qualitativa, que teve como objetivo caracterizar a comunicação dos profissionais da saúde com a pessoa surda e descrever recursos de relacionamento. O corpus foi composto por sete profissionais da saúde, os dados foram coletados no Município de Goiânia, analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo e identificadas duas categorias. Comunicação entre profissionais da saúde e pessoas surdas que utilizam a língua de sinais, e Recursos de relacionamento com a pessoa surda. Na segunda categoria, destaca-se a atuação do Tradutor intérprete de LIBRAS. Constatou-se que os profissionais não estão suficientemente preparados para cuidar d apessoa surda e concluiu-se que a comunicação verbal não tem sido suficiente para estabelecer o vínculo entre esses.