Radiomic model for differentiating parotid pleomorphic adenoma from parotid adenolymphoma based on MRI images.

BACKGROUND: Distinguishing parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PPA) from parotid adenolymphoma (PA) is important for precision treatment, but there is a lack of readily available diagnostic methods. In this study, we aimed to explore the diagnostic value of radiomic signatures based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for PPA and PA. METHODS: The clinical characteristic and imaging data were retrospectively collected from 252 cases (126 cases in the training cohort and 76 patients in the validation cohort) in this study. Radiomic features were extracted from MRI scans, including T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) sequences and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) sequences. The radiomic features from three sequences (T1WI, T2WI and T1WI combined with T2WI) were selected using univariate analysis, LASSO correlation and Spearman correlation. Then, we built six quantitative radiomic models using the selected features through two machine learning methods (multivariable logistic regression, MLR, and support vector machine, SVM). The performances of the six radiomic models were assessed and the diagnostic efficacies of the ideal T1-2WI radiomic model and the clinical model were compared. RESULTS: The T1-2WI radiomic model using MLR showed optimal discriminatory ability (accuracy = 0.87 and 0.86, F-1 score = 0.88 and 0.86, sensitivity = 0.90 and 0.88, specificity = 0.82 and 0.80, positive predictive value = 0.86 and 0.84, negative predictive value = 0.86 and 0.84 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively) and its calibration was observed to be good (p > 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the T1-2WI radiomic model was significantly better than that of the clinical model for both the training (0.95 vs. 0.67, p < 0.001) and validation (0.90 vs. 0.68, p = 0.001) cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: The T1-2WI radiomic model in our study is complementary to the current knowledge of differential diagnosis for PPA and PA.

[Imaging findings of non-contrast CT scan, enhancement and HRCT of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the imaging findings of non-contrast CT scan, enhancement and HRCT of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. METHODS: All the patients with pathologically proven pulmonary MALT lymphoma underwent non-contrast CT scan, of which 7 underwent CT enhancement and 9 had HRCT. CT features of 16 patients were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Major CT signs of 16 cases were consolidations, nodules and masses, of which 11 had two or more signs and 5 had only one. Together with them, normal or dilated air bronchograms were seen in 13 cases, ground-glass opacity (GGO) in 10, interstitial changes and cysts in respective 5, partial atelectasis and mediastinal and hilar lymphoadenopathy in respective 4, pleural effusion in 2 and MALT lymphoma of tracheobronchial tree in 1. Multiple lesions were found in 12 cases and solitary lesion in 4 cases. Consolidations, greater tubercles and masses mostly had a peribronchovascular distribution. Micronodules occurred in a perilymphatic distribution, of which 8 accompanied other signs.On CT enhancement scans, greater tubercles in the trachea had mild enhancement; most of the consolidations and masses had obvious enhancement, while greater tubercles mostly mild enhancement. CT angiogram sign was found in 3 cases. CONCLUSION: Most cases with pulmonary MALT lymphoma have consolidations, greater tubercles and masses with normal or dilated air bronchograms which have a peribronchovascular distribution, together with GGO and micronodules in a perilymphatic distribution; the distinctive manifestations are obvious enhancement with CT angiogram sign. Minority cases have interstitial changes, cysts, partial atelectasis, mediastinal and hilar lymphoadenopathy, pleural effusion and MALT lymphoma of tracheobronchial tree.

Ginsenoside­Rg5 induces apoptosis and DNA damage in human cervical cancer cells.

Panax ginseng is traditionally used as a remedy for cancer, inflammation, stress and aging, and ginsenoside­Rg5 is a major bioactive constituent of steamed ginseng. The present study aimed to evaluate whether ginsenoside­Rg5 had any marked cytotoxic, apoptotic or DNA­damaging effects in human cervical cancer cells. Five human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, MS751, C33A, Me180 and HT­3) were used to investigate the cytotoxicity of ginsenoside­Rg5 using a 3­(4,5­dimethylthiazol­2­yl)­2,5­diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Additionally, the effects of ginsenoside­Rg5 on the apoptosis of HeLa and MS751 cells were detected using DNA ladder assays and flow cytometry. DNA damage was assessed in the HeLa and MS751 cells using alkaline comet assays and by detection of γH2AX focus formation. The HeLa and MS751 cells were significantly more sensitive to ginsenoside­Rg5 treatment compared with the C­33A, HT­3 and Me180 cells. As expected, ginsenoside­Rg5 induced significant concentration­ and time­dependent increases in apoptosis. In addition, ginsenoside­Rg5 induced significant concentration­dependent increases in the level of DNA damage compared with the negative control. Consistent with the comet assay data, the percentage of γH2AX­positive HeLa and MS751 cells also revealed that ginsenoside­Rg5 caused DNA double­strands to break in a concentration­dependent manner. In conclusion, ginsenoside­Rg5 had marked genotoxic effects in the HeLa and MS751 cells and, thus, demonstrates potential as a genotoxic or cytotoxic drug for the treatment of cervical cancer.