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A 9 yr old male miniature poodle presented with acute diarrhea, vomiting, and a distended abdomen. A large and firm mass was palpated in the caudal abdomen. Radiography showed a large soft-tissue mass in the mid ventral abdomen. The mass was mildly contrast-enhancing and in contact with the right cranial aspect of the bladder on computed tomography. The mass was heterogeneous with minimal blood flow on Doppler examination. Surgery confirmed its origin of the urinary bladder, and it was diagnosed leiomyosarcoma on pathology. This is the first report of extraluminal leiomyosarcoma of the bladder wall with imaging characteristics using various modalities.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Leiomiosarcoma , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Animales , Leiomiosarcoma/veterinaria , Leiomiosarcoma/patología , Leiomiosarcoma/diagnóstico , Leiomiosarcoma/cirugía , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Perros , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinariaRESUMEN
A 5-year-old, clinically normal intact female Miniature Schnauzer was presented for demonstrative ultrasonography in a seminar. She had two pregnancies in the past and had a natural mating 2 months previously. Ultrasonography revealed a segmental and circumferential mural thickening of the right uterine horn. The endometrium was markedly thickened with multiple organized hyperechoic linear striations, perpendicular to the mucosal surface. Histology revealed focal endometrial hyperplasia resembling the maternal tissue of the normal canine placenta. A diagnosis of spontaneous pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH) was made. This study described a unique ultrasonographic appearance of PEH, which may facilitate the diagnosis of PEH.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Hiperplasia Endometrial , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Perros , Hiperplasia Endometrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Hiperplasia Endometrial/veterinaria , Endometrio/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Ultrasonografía/veterinaria , ÚteroRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the neuromuscular blocking effects of cisatracurium during isoflurane versus propofol anesthesia in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. ANIMALS: A total of 20 healthy, client-owned dogs (16 females, four males) weighing 12.5-22 kg and aged 1-8 years. METHODS: Dogs undergoing elective surgery were randomized in equal numbers to an isoflurane (ISO) or propofol (PPF) group. Other drugs used during anesthesia were equal between groups. Single-twitch (ST) stimulation was used to monitor neuromuscular response. After recording the baseline ST (T0), cumulative doses of cisatracurium (0.05 mg kg-1) were administered intravenously until ST/T0 ≤5%. Effective doses 50 (ED50) and 95 (ED95) of cisatracurium in each group were calculated from group dose-response curves. Recovery of ST (TR) was defined as spontaneous recovery of ST to 80-120% of T0 remaining stable for 2 minutes. The ST after each dose of cisatracurium, duration 25% (time after the last dose until 25% recovery of TR), recovery index (time to recovery from 25% to 75% of TR) and duration to TR (time after the last dose until recovery of TR) were recorded. RESULTS: Incremental doses of cisatracurium, median (range), were 2 (1-3) in ISO and 4 (2-5) in PPF to achieve ≥95% depression of ST/T0 (p < 0.01). ED50 and ED95 were 20 µg kg-1 and 117 µg kg-1 in ISO and 128 µg kg-1 and 167 µg kg-1 in PPF, respectively. The duration 25%, recovery index and duration to TR, median (range), were longer in ISO [22.6 (10.3-24.3), 5.3 (3.0-7.8) and 36.1 (20.1-49.7) minutes, respectively] than in PPF [10.2 (6.8-16.5), 3.0 (2.0-3.8) and 17.7 (14.2-28.7) minutes, respectively] (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade was significantly enhanced and prolonged by isoflurane compared with propofol.
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Anestésicos Intravenosos , Atracurio/análogos & derivados , Perros/cirugía , Isoflurano , Bloqueantes Neuromusculares/farmacología , Propofol , Anestesia/veterinaria , Animales , Atracurio/farmacología , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Femenino , Masculino , Bloqueo Neuromuscular/veterinaria , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Insulinoma is a functional, insulin-secreting tumor, arising from the beta islet cells of the pancreas. It is one of the most common neoplasms in ferrets and has been associated with clinical signs of hypoglycemia, such as ptyalism, pawing at the mouth, seizures, lethargy, and coma. The ultrasonographic features of insulinoma in ferrets have not been previously reported. The purpose of this retrospective case series study was to describe the ultrasonographic features of confirmed insulinoma in a group of ferrets. Inclusion criteria were abdominal ultrasound examination and histological confirmed insulinoma by surgical biopsy. Six ferrets met the inclusion criteria, all of which had multiple hypoglycemic episodes. Ultrasonographic images were reviewed and the characteristics of the pancreatic nodules were recorded. Twenty-eight pancreatic nodules were observed in the six ferrets and were primarily hypoechoic (89.3%, 25/28) and homogenous (46.4%, 13/28) with a smooth margin (78.6%, 22/28). The distribution of the pancreatic nodules was 46.4% in the left lobe, 50% in the right lobe, and 3.6% in the body of the pancreas. The sizes of the pancreatic nodules varied from 1.5 × 1.5 to 4.1 × 5.6 mm. All of the pancreatic nodules removed from surgery were histopathologically confirmed as insulinoma. The findings indicated that insulinoma in ferrets could be detected through ultrasonography, which may facilitate diagnosis and preoperative surgical planning.
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Hurones , Insulinoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Insulinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Dexmedetomidine is a highly specific and selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist widely used in dogs for sedation or analgesia. We hypothesized that dexmedetomidine may cause significant changes in radiographic and echocardiographic measurements. The objective of this prospective cross-sectional study was to test this hypothesis in a sample of six healthy dogs. Staff-owned dogs were recruited and received a single dose of dexmedetomidine 250 µg/m(2) intravenously. Thoracic radiography and echocardiography were performed 1 h before treatment, and repeated 10 and 30 min after treatment, respectively. One observer recorded cardiac measurements from radiographs and another observer recorded echocardiographic measurements. Vertebral heart score and cardiac size to thorax ratio on the ventrodorsal projection increased from 9.8 ± 0.6 v to 10.3 ± 0.7 v (P = 0.0007) and 0.61 ± 0.04 to 0.68 ± 0.03 (P = 0.0109), respectively. E point-to-septal separation and left ventricle internal diameter in diastole and systole increased from 2.4 ± 1.1 to 6.6 ± 1.9 mm, 32.3 ± 8.1 to 35.5 ± 8.8 mm, and 19.4 ± 6 to 27.0 ± 7.2 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). Fractional shortening and sphericity index decreased from 40.7 ± 5.8 to 24.4 ± 2.9%, and 1.81 ± 0.07 to 1.58 ± 0.04, respectively (P < 0.05). Moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation and mild pulmonic regurgitation occurred in all dogs after dexmedetomidine administration. Findings indicated that dexmedetomidine could cause false-positive diagnoses of valvular regurgitation and cardiomegaly in dogs undergoing thoracic radiography and echocardiography.
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Analgésicos no Narcóticos/farmacología , Dexmedetomidina/administración & dosificación , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Corazón/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología , Administración Intravenosa/veterinaria , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/administración & dosificación , Estudios Transversales , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/administración & dosificación , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Information on the clinical outcomes of feline azotemia using ultrasound examinations is limited. This study aimed to understand the correlation between cortical anisotropy backscattering artifact (CABA) and serum creatinine (sCr) changes in feline azotemia after hospitalization and to investigate whether CABA is useful for predicting the clinical outcome of feline azotemia. Sixty-five hospitalized cats with azotemia, including 49 cats with moderate or severe azotemia (severe group) and 16 cats with mild azotemia (mild group). This retrospective study reviewed the CABA using ultrasound images of cats hospitalized with azotemia between 2016 and 2021. The correlation between CABA and the clinical outcomes of cats with azotemia was investigated using the chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, and the intra- and inter-observer agreements in CABA were assessed using McNemar's and Cohen's kappa tests. The presence of CABA was significantly positively correlated with the clinical outcomes of cats with azotemia only in the severe group (p = 0.0034, odds ratio = 8.57). There was no association between CABA and clinical outcomes in cats with mild azotemia (p = 0.75). CABA can be used for clinical outcome prediction in moderate and severe feline azotemia, with a sensitivity of 80.8% and a specificity of 73.9%. Also, satisfactory intra- and inter-observer agreements were revealed in the detection of CABA during ultrasound image review. Our study demonstrated that cats with moderate and severe azotemia with CABA observed during ultrasonography might have better clinical outcomes. These findings provide additional information on the prognosis and treatment of feline azotemia.
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Artefactos , Azotemia , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Creatinina , Ultrasonografía , Gatos , Animales , Azotemia/veterinaria , Azotemia/sangre , Azotemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Gatos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Creatinina/sangre , Ultrasonografía/veterinaria , Masculino , Femenino , Hospitalización , Anisotropía , Corteza Renal/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Formosan serows are endemic to the mountainous regions of Taiwan. This crossover study aimed to assess and compare the anesthetic induction and recovery using either dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam (DZ) or dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK) by intramuscular injection from a blow-dart in a zoo environment. Ten anesthetic procedures were performed with five adult Formosan serows. Each participant was anesthetized with both combinations at least once with a minimal 12-month washout. The average dosages were 22.6 ± 8.3 µg/kg and 35.8 ± 2.5 µg/kg for dexmedetomidine and 185.6 ± 123.6 and 357.8 ± 25.2 µg/kg for atipamezole for the DZ and DK groups, respectively. The doses of tiletamine-zolazepam and ketamine were 2.1 ± 0.25 mg/kg and 3.6 ± 0.3 mg/kg, respectively, in the DZ and DK groups. All participants were induced within 10 min (median: 8 min for both groups), except one serow in the DK group with an induction time of 22 min. Serows in the DZ group had a lower respiratory rate (p = 0.016) and lower rectal temperature (p = 0.008) than those in the DK group. The quality of recovery was poor for DZ because of paddling, prolonged recovery, and ataxia after antagonism of dexmedetomidine with atipamezole. The induction of anesthesia with dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam was uneventful and rapid. However, recovery from this combination was not smooth.
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A 3-year-old spayed female domestic short-haired cat presented with a head turning to the left, circling to the right, seizures, and opisthotonos for approximately one month. Neurological examination revealed a deficit in the postural reaction of the left limbs and visual abnormalities. Forensic computed tomography revealed a hyperattenuating round mass of 1.3 cm diameter with a hypoattenuating center in the right hemisphere. Histopathology showed multifocal granuloma lesions with the major mass mostly affecting the right basal ganglia. Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii molecular type VNI/ST31 was isolated from the cryptococcal granulomas. This report highlights the epidemiological distribution and differential diagnosis of a feline central nervous system cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans that occurred in an Asian country.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Criptococosis , Cryptococcus neoformans , Gatos , Animales , Femenino , Criptococosis/veterinaria , Criptococosis/diagnóstico , Criptococosis/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Granuloma/veterinaria , Granuloma/diagnóstico , Ganglios Basales/patología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of the bone and is notoriously resistant to radiation therapy. High-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy and surgical resection have improved the survival rate and prognosis of patients with OS. Nonetheless, treatment challenges remain when the tumor cannot be removed by surgery. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) provides high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, and its internal targeted characteristics make BNCT a novel therapy for removing OS and reducing radiation damage to adjacent healthy tissues. METHODS: In this study, a UMR-106-grafted OS rat model was developed, and boric acid (BA) was used as the boron drug for BNCT. The pharmacokinetics of BA, following intravenous injection, were evaluated to determine the optimal time window for neutron irradiation. OS-bearing rats were irradiated by an epithermal neutron beam at Tsing Hua Open-Pool Reactor (THOR). The therapeutic efficacy of and tissue response after BNCT were evaluated by radiographic and histopathological observations. RESULTS: OS-bearing rats were irradiated by neutrons in the first hour following the intravenous injection of BA. The prescription-absorbed doses in the tumor regions were 5.8 and 11.0 Gy. BNCT reduced the body weight of the tumor-bearing rats, but they recovered after a few days. The BA-mediated BNCT effectively controlled the orthotopic OS tumor, reduced osteolysis, and induced bone healing. Autoradiography and histological analysis confirmed that the BA retention region is consistent with the calcification region in OS tissue. CONCLUSION: BA is specifically retained in OS, and the BA-mediated BNCT can significantly reduce the tumor burden and osteolysis in OS-bearing rats.
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BACKGROUND: Renal cortical anisotropic backscatter artifact (CABA) is a hyperechoic region of the renal poles where the insonation of sound beams is perpendicular to the renal tubules within the renal cortex. AIMS: To determine whether renal CABA can be observed in healthy cats and to compare the echogenicity of renal CABA with that of the spleen and liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Images of the spleen, liver, kidneys, and urinary bladder were acquired from 30 clinically healthy cats with renal CABA. Echogenicity differences among organs and echo scores within urine were recorded and analyzed. All ultrasound images were acquired using a 7.2-14-MHz linear transducer. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations between the presence of renal CABA and various variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of the renal CABA was 86.7% (26/30) and 93.3% (28/30) according to different observers. The reproducibility of renal CABA is substantial to excellent. The renal CABA echogenicity was greater or equal to the spleen and greater than the hepatic echogenicity in 90.0% of cats (27/30). For comparison with the spleen and liver, there were three and six combinations of echogenicity differences using the CABA and non-CABA regions, respectively. The renal cortical echogenicity in the CABA region was higher than the liver in all subjects. Renal CABA was not associated with age, body weight, gender, body condition score, or lipid droplets in the urinary bladder. CONCLUSION: Renal CABA was present in most healthy cats and could be used for echogenicity comparisons with the liver and spleen.
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Artefactos , Gatos , Riñón , Animales , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ultrasonografía/veterinaria , Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Bazo/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology.
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In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology.
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Radiología , Animales , Humanos , Radiografía , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology.
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Radiología , Animales , Humanos , Radiografía , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of CT lymphangiography via intrametatarsal pad injection in cats with chylothorax. ANIMALS: 7 client-owned cats. PROCEDURES: This was a multicenter, retrospective, descriptive study. Medical records and imaging data from 4 veterinary hospitals were reviewed to identify cats with chylothorax that had undergone intrametatarsal pad injection via CT lymphangiography. In total, 7 client-owned cats were included in the study. Signalment, history, image findings, and follow-up data were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the success rate of thoracic duct (TD) enhancement and describe relevant clinical findings. RESULTS: Enhancement of TDs was successful in 6 of the 7 cats within 5 to 15 minutes after initiating intrametatarsal pad injection under general anesthesia. Successful migration of contrast medium into the lymphatic vessels cranial to the popliteal lymph nodes was observed in all cats within 5 minutes after injection. The recommended dose of contrast medium to achieve TD enhancement was 1 mL/kg (0.5 mL/kg/pad; concentration, 350 mg of iodine/kg). Only 1 cat had mild swelling of the paws after the procedure, and it recovered quickly without pain medication; no cats experienced lameness. Similar to dogs and unlike in previously published reports, 72% of TD branches were located in the right hemithorax. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CT lymphangiography via intrametatarsal pad injection is a feasible and safe procedure for cats with chylothorax. This technique provides detailed information regarding the unique TD anatomy and cisterna chyli location. It also contributes to surgical planning.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Quilotórax , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico por imagen , Gatos , Quilotórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Quilotórax/veterinaria , Linfografía/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Conducto Torácico/diagnóstico por imagen , Conducto Torácico/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinariaRESUMEN
Renal cortical anisotropy backscattering artifact (CABA) is a focal hyperechoic region where the tubules are parallel to the incident ultrasound beam, reflecting most of the beams to the transducer. To investigate the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the absence of renal CABA in cats. Ultrasonographic renal images of 40 cats with CKD (stage II-IV) and 36 clinically healthy cats were blindly evaluated by two observers to determine the visibility of renal CABA. Inter- and intraobserver agreements were evaluated using McNemar's test. The association between the absence of renal CABA and CKD was assessed using Fisher's exact test. Excellent intraobserver and substantial interobserver agreements were demonstrated. A significant association (P < .0001) between absent renal CABA and CKD stage was revealed in all cats. Cats with CKD had an increased risk of the absence of renal CABA (Odds ratio, 56.0; 95% CI, 13.8-227.0) compared with the clinically healthy cats. The absence of renal CABA revealed 87.5% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity to detect CKD in all cats, and 91.7% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity in aged cats. Our study demonstrated a correlation between feline CKD and the absence of renal CABA, providing a feasible and alternative method for feline CKD evaluation.
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Anisotropía , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/veterinaria , Animales , Artefactos , Gatos , Femenino , Masculino , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Ultrasonografía/veterinariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium dichloride) is a toxic herbicide. Accidental ingestion of paraquat in animals and humans causes respiratory failure and death. AIM: To describe the radiographic features of confirmed paraquat intoxication in a group of dogs and determines whether any identified features can facilitate this diagnosis. METHODS: Eleven dogs diagnosed with paraquat intoxication were selected from two institutions between November 2014 and August 2019 comprising five males (all intact) and six females (one intact and five spayed). The mean age was 3.9 ± 2.9 (SD) years and their mean weight was 11.6 ± 5.0 kg. The tentative diagnosis was confirmed through analysis of their urine samples using a colorimetric assay (paraquat concentation 0.39 µg/ml ranging from 0.19-0.65 µg/ml), and their clinical signs were reviewed. Thoracic radiographs were evaluated for the presence of pneumomediastinum, lung patterns (interstitial or alveolar) and their locations (caudodorsal, cranioventral, diffuse, or symmetrical), subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoretroperitoneum, and pneumothorax. RESULTS: The most common clinical signs were dyspnea (11/11, 100%) and anorexia (9/11, 82%). Pneumomediastinum (10/11, 91%) and symmetrically increased lung opacity (7/11, 65%) were the most common radiographic features. Pneumothorax (3/11, 27%), pleural effusion (3/11, 27%), subcutaneous emphysema (2/11, 18%), and pneumoretroperitoneum (1/5, 20%) were the less common findings. None of the dogs survived. CONCLUSION: Pneumomediastinum and diffuse or symmetrical interstitial or alveolar lung patterns are the most common radiographic features in dogs with paraquat intoxication. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In countries where this herbicide is not banned, paraquat intoxication should be considered if dogs with no history of trauma present with pneumomediastinum.
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Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Paraquat/envenenamiento , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Animales , Perros , Femenino , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/veterinaria , Masculino , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfisema Mediastínico/veterinaria , Paraquat/orina , Neumotórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumotórax/veterinaria , Radiografía/veterinaria , Retroneumoperitoneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Retroneumoperitoneo/veterinaria , Enfisema Subcutáneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfisema Subcutáneo/veterinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of morphine-lidocaine-ketamine (MLK) and fentanyl-lidocaine-ketamine (FLK) combinations administered as constant rate infusions (CRIs) during and after veterinary procedures on postprocedure rectal temperature in dogs. ANIMALS: 32 clinically normal client-owned dogs undergoing nonemergent procedures. PROCEDURES: Dogs were randomly assigned to receive an MLK or FLK combination (16 dogs/group). During the procedure, each dog received 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg/h; both groups), ketamine hydrochloride (0.6 mg/kg/h; both groups), and morphine (0.36 mg/kg/h; MLK group) or fentanyl (4 µg/kg/h; FLK group) via CRI for analgesia; esophageal temperature was maintained at 37° to 39°C. At extubation, each drug dose in each assigned combination was halved and administered (via CRI) for 12 additional hours for postprocedure analgesia. Rectal temperature and other data were recorded at baseline (prior to administration of premedicants), extubation (0 hours), and 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 hours thereafter. RESULTS: Mean postprocedure rectal temperature was significantly lower at each postextubation time point for the MLK group, compared with corresponding values for the FLK group. Compared with the baseline value, mean postprocedure rectal temperature was significantly lower at 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3 hours for the FLK group and at all postprocedure time points for the MLK group. Hypothermia (rectal temperature < 37°C) was detected at ≥ 1 postprocedure time point more often in dogs in the MLK group (9/16) than in the FLK group (1/16). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dogs that received an MLK combination for analgesia during and after a veterinary procedure developed hypothermia more commonly than did dogs that received an FLK combination under similar conditions.
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Analgesia/veterinaria , Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos/farmacología , Temperatura Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Perros , Analgesia/normas , Animales , Femenino , Fentanilo/administración & dosificación , Ketamina/administración & dosificación , Lidocaína/administración & dosificación , Morfina/administración & dosificación , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The correlation between renal dimensions and renal function in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between renal dimensions and CKD severity in cats using ultrasound examination. ANIMALS: Nineteen healthy cats and 30 cats with CKD. METHODS: Renal ultrasound images obtained between 2012 and 2016 were reviewed. Severity of CKD was determined using the International Renal Interest Society CKD staging system. Renal length, cortical thickness, medullary thickness, and corticomedullary ratio were measured, and the relationship between these renal dimensions and serum creatinine concentrations as well as differences in dimensions between the control and disease groups was investigated. The sensitivity and specificity of the renal dimensions for differentiation of the CKD also were evaluated. RESULTS: The disease group was subdivided into stage I to II (15 cats) and stage III to IV (15 cats) groups. Cortical thickness was significantly decreased in both disease groups and negatively correlated with disease severity. Compared with other renal dimensions, cortical thickness had a stronger linear correlation with the reciprocal of the serum creatinine concentration and superior diagnostic performance (Youden index: left kidney, 90.0% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity for a cutoff of 4.7 mm; right kidney, 83.3% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity for a cutoff of 4.5 mm). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Decreased renal cortical thickness is observed in cats with loss of renal function. Measurement of cortical thickness using ultrasonography could be a useful method to evaluate the progression of CKD in cats.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/veterinaria , Ultrasonografía/veterinaria , Animales , Gatos , Creatinina/sangre , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Riñón/anatomía & histología , Masculino , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico por imagen , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Hepatoma is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Due to the poor outcomes of patients with late diagnosis, newer treatments for hepatoma are still needed. As an emerging therapy, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) may be an effective solution in hepatoma management. In this study, boric acid (BA) was used as the boron drug for in vivo analysis of action mechanism. The N1S1 single liver tumor-bearing rat and the VX2 multifocal liver tumor-bearing rabbit models were used to investigate the retention status of BA in the tumor regions during BNCT. The autoradiographic examination showed BA can localize specifically not only in the hepatoma cells but also in tumor blood vessels. Our findings indicate that superior hepatoma targeting could be achieved in BA-mediated BNCT, which supports BA to be a suitable boron drug for BNCT for hepatoma.