[Textual research on medicinal blue herbs].

In this paper, through the collection and collation of ancient herbs, medical books and prescriptions, combined with modern literature, the historical changes of the name, origin, position, medicinal parts, collection, processing and processing of bluegrass were systematically combed and verified.It can be seen from the research that bluegrass was first used as medicine by the fruit, namely blueberry, which was originally Polygonum tinctorium. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, blueberry was rarely used, and it has been no longer used medicinally. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the medicinal parts extended to the stems and leaves, and most of them used juice as medicine.Since the Tang Dynasty, origin has been extended to Isatis indigotica, Baphicacanthus cusia, Indigofera tinctoria, Compositae plant Wulan, etc. In the Song Dynasty, the medicinal parts extended to the roots, and the "Banlangen" began to appear, and gradually became the main medicinal parts of blue medicinal materials, the main base of which was B. cusia. Since the Qing Dynasty, I. indigotica, a Cruciferae, has gradually become a genuine indigo root, while B. cusia has become a southern indigo root. It was the first mineral dye imported from abroad for thrush, and then used as medicine, also known as clam powder. Because it was found that it had the same effect with the extract of bluegrass, it was also named indigo naturalis in China, which has lasted till now. The main stream of Isatidis Folium in the past dynasties is the dry stem and leaf of Clerodendrum cyrtophylum. Since the Qing Dynasty, the stem and leaf of Isatis indigotica, P. tinctorium and other blue grasses have been gradually mixed as substitutes and gradually become the mainstream.

[Identification and attribution of chemical constituents of Qingfei Paidu Decoction based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technology].

UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was developed for the identification of chemical constituents in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, which will clarify its material basis. ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 chromatography column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 µm) was used with 0.1% formic acid(B)-acetonitrile(A) as the mobile phase in gradient elution. The decoction was detected by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry equipped with an ESI ion source in positive and negative mode. Based on the accurate mass measurements, retention time, mass fragmentation patterns combined with comparison of reference and literature reports, a total of 87 major compounds including 43 flavonoids, 9 alkaloids, 4 triterpenoid saponins, 1 sesquiterpene, 2 coumarins, 10 phenolic acids and 18 other compounds were tentatively screened and characterized. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was employed to comprehensively elucidate the chemical components in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, which basically covered 20 Chinese medicines except gypsum in Qingfei Paidu Decoction. These collective results provide a scientific basis for further research on the quality control standard of Qingfei Paidu Decoction.

[Modeling of thermal degradation of linarin during concentration process].

Ganmaoling granule, with annual sale of over one billion yuan, is the first brand of domestic cold medicine sales. As the only traditonal Chinese medicine（TCM） quality control indicator of Ganmaoling granule, linarin is thermally unstable. Its content will be changed significantly during the production process, which would then affect the quality of the finished product. In this paper, the law of degradation of linarin was investigated. The experimental results showed that degradation reaction of linarin belongs to the first reaction characteristics. The effective methods to reduce the loss of linarin would be realized fortunately by strictly controlling the heating temperature or shortening the heating time.

[Study on balance of process of alcohol precipitation of ganmaoling granules].

Ganmaoling granule is the first brand of domestic cold medicine sales, but its preparation method and process control parameters are relatively rough. Therefore it is urgent to upgrade the technologies of large varieties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This paper focused on the balance between the remove of impurity and the retention of linarin during the process of alcohol precipitation of Ganmaoling granules. The effects of four factors on the process were investigated via single factor experiments. The results showed that the precipitating period, the initial ethanol concentration and the final ethanol concentration had a great effect on retention of linarin while the initial density of the extract has not. Similarly, the initial ethanol concentration, the final ethanol concentration and the initial extract density have a great effect on the yield of dry extract while the time of alcohol precipitation has not. The parameters of alcohol precipitation of Ganmaoling granules were optimized as 16 h of precipitating period, 95% ethanol as the initial reagent, 70% of the final ethanol concentration, and 1.10 of the initial extract density.