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ABSTRACT: Many studies have confirmed that macrophage autophagy injury negatively impacts the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Meanwhile, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway affects AS progression by regulating macrophage autophagy. We previously reported that the herbal formula San Jie Tong Mai Fang (SJTMF) elicits lipid regulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, the current study used an ApoE -/- high-fat diet-fed mouse model to determine whether SJTMF elicits protective effects against AS progression by means of the regulation of macrophage autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Our results show that SJTMF reduced the number of atherosclerotic plaques, foam cell formation, and intimal thickness in mouse aorta. In addition, SJTMF improved blood lipid metabolism and inflammatory levels in mice. We also observed that SJTMF caused macrophages to be polarized toward the M2 phenotype through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, the abundances of LC3-II/I and beclin1 proteins-key autophagy molecules-were increased, whereas that of p62 was decreased, resulting in the promotion of macrophage autophagy. Taken together, these findings indicate that SJTMF may regulate the polarization of macrophages by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby reducing atherosclerotic plaque damage in ApoE -/- mice, thereby promoting macrophage autophagy and eliciting a significant antiarteriosclerosis effect. Hence, SJTMF may represent a promising new candidate drug for the treatment of AS.
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Aterosclerosis , Placa Aterosclerótica , Ratones , Animales , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa/metabolismo , Macroautofagia , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Ratones Noqueados para ApoE , Transducción de Señal , Aterosclerosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Aterosclerosis/prevención & control , Aterosclerosis/genética , Autofagia , Apolipoproteínas E/farmacología , Mamíferos/metabolismoRESUMEN
A microfocus X-ray grating interferometer (MFXGI) is proposed to measure the profile of the X-ray wavefront and slope error of X-ray optical elements. This device consists of a phase grating G1 to modulate the incoming wavefront and an absorption grating G2 as a transmission mask for the position-sensitive detector. The wavefront distortions caused by the deformable mirror were analyzed under operating conditions for in situ investigation of X-ray optical elements. The MFXGI can obtain direct and reflected beams in one recorded image at the same time through a microfocus X-ray source. The direct beam can be used to calculate the parameter errors and spherical shape for error compensation and retrieve the aspherical shape of the height profile. This instrument is expected to be a valuable tool for further technical progress in X-ray adaptive optics and X-ray mirror manufacturing and mounting.
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Bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis remains a major cause of economic loss in cattle industries worldwide. However, the pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Post-translation modifications (PTM) such as phosphorylation play a crucial role in pathogenesis. While the change of transcriptome and proteome during the interaction between M. bovis and cattle were studied, there are no reports on the phosphoproteome change. We apply Tandem Mass Tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics coupled with immobilized metal-chelated affinity chromatography (IMAC) enrichment to obtain the quantified phosphorylation in vivo of M. bovis infected cattle lung tissue. The phosphorylated proteins are widespread in the nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane. By using a change fold of 1.2, 165 phosphosites from 147 proteins were enriched, with 88 upregulated and 77 downregulated sites respectively. We further constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of STAT3, SRRM2 and IRS-1 based on their number of differential phosphorylation sites and KEGG pathways. Similar patterns of gene expression dynamics of selected genes were observed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected human sample GEO dataset, implicating crucial roles of these genes in pathogenic Mycobacteria - host interaction. The first phosphorproteome reveals the relationship between bovine tuberculosis and glucose metabolism, and will help further refinement of target proteins for mechanistic study.
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Pulmón , Mycobacterium bovis , Proteoma , Tuberculosis Bovina , Animales , Bovinos , Pulmón/microbiología , Pulmón/patología , Mycobacterium bovis/patogenicidad , FosforilaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is the principal causative agent of bovine tuberculosis; however, it may also cause serious infection in human being. Type I IFN is a key factor in reducing viral multiplication and modulating host immune response against viral infection. However, the regulatory pathways of Type I IFN signaling during M. bovis infection are not yet fully explored. Here, we investigate the role of Type I IFN signaling in the pathogenesis of M. bovis infection in mice. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were treated with IFNAR1-blocking antibody or Isotype control 24 h before M. bovis infection. After 21 and 84 days of infection, mice were sacrificed and the role of Type I IFN signaling in the pathogenesis of M. bovis was investigated. ELISA and qRT-PCR were performed to detect the expression of Type I IFNs and related genes. Lung lesions induced by M. bovis were assessed by histopathological examination. Viable bacterial count was determined by CFU assay. RESULTS: We observed an abundant expression of Type I IFNs in the serum and lung tissues of M. bovis infected mice. In vivo blockade of Type I IFN signaling reduced the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung tissue, mediated the activation of macrophages leading to an increased pro-inflammatory profile and regulated the inflammatory cytokine production. However, no impact was observed on T cell activation and recruitment in the early acute phase of infection. Additionally, blocking of type I IFN signaling reduced bacterial burden in the infected mice as compared to untreated infected mice. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our results reveal that Type I IFN mediates a balance between M. bovis-mediated inflammatory reaction and host defense mechanism. Thus, modulating Type I IFN signaling could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy against a large repertoire of inflammatory disorders including tuberculosis.
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Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Mycobacterium bovis/patogenicidad , Tuberculosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis/metabolismo , Animales , Anticuerpos/farmacología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Interferón Tipo I/antagonistas & inhibidores , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Mycobacterium bovis/inmunología , Receptor de Interferón alfa y beta/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor de Interferón alfa y beta/inmunología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
It is widely accepted that different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have variable degrees of pathogenicity and induce different immune responses in infected hosts. Similarly, different strains of Mycobacterium bovis have been identified but there is a lack of information regarding the degree of pathogenicity of these strains and their ability to provoke host immune responses. Therefore, in the current study, we used a mouse model to evaluate various factors involved in the severity of disease progression and the induction of immune responses by two strains of M. bovis isolated from cattle. Mice were infected with both strains of M. bovis at different colony-forming unit (CFU) via inhalation. Gross and histological findings revealed more severe lesions in the lung and spleen of mice infected with M. bovis N strain than those infected with M. bovis C68004 strain. In addition, high levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and IL-22 production were observed in the serum samples of mice infected with M. bovis N strain. Comparative genomic analysis showed the existence of 750 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 145 small insertions/deletions between the two strains. After matching with the Virulence Factors Database, mutations were found in 29 genes, which relate to 17 virulence factors. Moreover, we found an increased number of virulent factors in M. bovis N strain as compared to M. bovis C68004 strain. Taken together, our data reveal that variation in the level of pathogenicity is due to the mutation in the virulence factors of M. bovis N strain. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms of mutation in the virulence factors will ultimately contribute to the development of new strategies for the control of M. bovis infection.
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Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/inmunología , Mycobacterium bovis , Tuberculosis Bovina/genética , Tuberculosis Bovina/microbiología , Animales , Biopsia , Bovinos , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/genética , Pulmón/patología , Ratones , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Mutación , Mycobacterium bovis/clasificación , Mycobacterium bovis/genética , Mycobacterium bovis/inmunología , Mycobacterium bovis/patogenicidad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Bazo/patología , Tuberculosis Bovina/inmunología , Virulencia/genética , Factores de VirulenciaRESUMEN
Nontuberculosis mycobacteria are widespread in the environment and some are zoonotic. 320 tissue samples with visible lesions were obtained from dairy cows and examined by histopathology. Eleven samples showed typical granulomatous lesions and a total of 8 strains were cultured. Three genes (16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB) were sequenced for species identification. All mycobacterial isolates were tested for rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, capreomycin, kanamycin, para-aminosalicylic acid susceptibility. Six strains were identified as M. fortuitum, 1 was M. avium, 1 was M. conceptionense, isolated from cattle for the first time. Seven of the 8 isolated strains showed multiple drug resistance.
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Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Granuloma/microbiología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/microbiología , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Chaperonina 60/genética , China , ADN Bacteriano , ARN Polimerasas Dirigidas por ADN/genética , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Granuloma/patología , Hígado/patología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/patología , Necrosis/microbiología , Necrosis/patología , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/clasificación , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/efectos de los fármacos , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
This investigation aims to elucidate the novel role of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) in modulating store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and its subsequent impact on inflammatory cytokine release in T lymphocytes, thereby advancing our understanding of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) pathogenesis. Employing the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we extracted microarray data pertinent to TN to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A subsequent comparison with SOCE-related genes from the Genecards database helped pinpoint potential target genes. The STRING database facilitated protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis to spotlight STIM1 as a gene of interest in TN. Through histological staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and behavioral assessments, we probed STIM1's pathological effects on TN in rat models. Additionally, we examined STIM1's influence on the SOCE pathway in trigeminal ganglion cells using techniques like calcium content measurement, patch clamp electrophysiology, and STIM1- ORAI1 co-localization studies. Changes in the expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6) in T cells were quantified using Western blot (WB) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in vitro, while immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were applied in vivo to assess these cytokines and T cell count alterations. Our bioinformatic approach highlighted STIM1's significant overexpression in TN patients, underscoring its pivotal role in TN's etiology and progression. Experimental findings from both in vitro and in vivo studies corroborated STIM1's regulatory influence on the SOCE pathway. Furthermore, STIM1 was shown to mediate SOCE-induced inflammatory cytokine release in T lymphocytes, a critical factor in TN development. Supportive evidence from histological, ultrastructural, and behavioral analyses reinforced the link between STIM1-mediated SOCE and T lymphocyte-driven inflammation in TN pathogenesis. This study presents novel evidence that STIM1 is a key regulator of SOCE and inflammatory cytokine release in T lymphocytes, contributing significantly to the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia. Our findings not only deepen the understanding of TN's molecular underpinnings but also potentially open new avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential risk factors of post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) by conducting a meta-analysis. METHODS: Literature search was performed in databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI) using keywords of PSCI. Cochrane ROB tool was adopted for evaluating the quality of the included studies. Afterwards, data was independently extracted by 2 investigators. Heterogeneity was quantified across studies by Chi-squared-based Q statistic test and I2 statistic. The random-effects model or fixed-effects model was employed to compute the pooled estimates depends on whether the heterogeneity was significant (I2 > 50% or P < .05) or not. Publication bias was evaluated by the funnel plot and Egger's test. Sensitivity analysis was accomplished through eliminating studies 1 at a time to evaluate the stability of the pooled estimates. RESULTS: 23 high-quality studies with 13322 patients were included. Compared with patients with no cognitive impairment, PSCI was more likely to develop in the elderly (pooled MD = 3.58, 95% CI = [1.82, 5.34]), female (pooled RR = 1.23, 95% CI = [1.07, 1.41]), or less-educated (pooled MD = -1.63, 95% CI = [-2.96, -.31]) patients with a history of hypertension (pooled RR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.03, 1.11]), diabetes mellitus (pooled RR = 1.10, 95% CI = [1.03, 1.17]), atrial fibrillation (pooled RR = 1.38, 95% CI = [1.10, 1.74]), or stroke (pooled RR = 1.36, 95% CI = [1.09, 1.70]). Smoking did not affect the development of PSCI in patients (pooled RR = .96, 95% CI = [.78, 1.19]). Ischemic heart disease and region represented the sources of significant heterogeneity across studies. The pooled estimates were robust, and no publication bias was seen. CONCLUSION: Age, gender, education, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and stroke were the risk factors of PSCI. Controlling these risk factors can help prevent PSCI.
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Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR) and Nardostahyos Radix et Rhizoma (NRR) are well-known traditional Chinese medicines that have been extensively used for the treatment of epilepsy (EP). However, the precise molecular mechanism of ATR-NRR action remains unclear because of their intricate ingredients. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of ATR-NRR in EP treatment using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Herbal medicine and disease gene databases were searched to determine active constituents and shared targets of ATR-NRR and EP. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, while the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway enrichment were performed using R programming. An ingredient-target-pathway network map was constructed using the Cytoscape software, incorporating network topology calculations to predict active ingredients and hub targets. The binding abilities of active ingredients and hub targets were examined using molecular docking. Nine qualified compounds and 53 common targets were obtained. The prominent active compounds were kaempferol, acacetin, cryptotanshinone, 8-isopentenyl-kaempferol, naringenin, and eudesmin, while the primary targets were RELA, AKT1, CASP3, MAPK8, JUN, TNF, and TP53. Molecular docking analysis revealed that they have substantial binding abilities. These 53 targets were found to influence EP by manipulating PI3K-Akt, IL-17, TNF, and apoptosis signaling pathways. The findings of this study indicate that ATR-NRR functions against EP by acting upon multiple pathways and targets, offering a basis for future study.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Epilepsia , Humanos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Quempferoles , Farmacología en Red , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Epilepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Medicina Tradicional ChinaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To explore the mechanism of core points in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for epilepsy by using data mining technique, so as to provide a reference for clinical practice and experimental research. METHODS: The data comes from relevant documents collected from CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Web of Science databases. The selected acupoints were analyzed in descriptive statistics, high-frequency acupoints group and core acupoint prescription. Further, potential target mining, "core acupoint prescription-target-epilepsy" network construction, protein-protein interactions (PPI) network establishment and core target extraction, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG gene enrichment analysis of the core acupoint prescription were carried out to predict its anti-epileptic potential mechanism. RESULTS: A total of 122 acupoint prescriptions were included. The core acupoint prescriptions were Baihui (GV20), Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Shuigou (GV26) and Taichong (LR3). 277 potential targets were identified, among which 134 were shared with epilepsy. The core targets were extracted by PPI network topology analysis, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, protein kinase B1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tumor protein 53, vascular endothelial growth factor A, Caspase-3, epidermal growth factor receptor, etc. The main anti-epileptic pathways of the core acupoints were predicted by KEGG enrichment, including lipid and atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein B kinase signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway, apoptosis, etc., involving neuronal death, synaptic plasticity, oxidative stress, inflammation and other related biological process. CONCLUSIONS: The core acupoint prescription of acupuncture and moxibustion intervention for epilepsy can act on multiple targets and multiple pathways to exert anti-epileptic effects, which can provide a theoretical basis for further clinical application and mechanism research.
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Puntos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , Minería de Datos , Epilepsia , Moxibustión , Humanos , Epilepsia/terapia , Epilepsia/genética , Epilepsia/metabolismo , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Depression, a prevalent psychiatric malady, afflicts a substantial global demographic, engendering considerable disease burden due to its elevated morbidity and mortality rates. Contemporary therapeutic approaches for depression encompass the administration of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants, albeit these pharmaceuticals potentially induce adverse neurological and gastrointestinal effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) natural products proffer the benefits of multi-target, multi-level, and multi-channel depression treatment modalities. In this investigation, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of the past 5 years in PubMed and other databases utilizing the search terms "Depression," "Natural medicines," "Traditional Chinese Medicine," and "hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis." We delineated the 5 most recent and pertinent signaling pathways associated with depression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation: nuclear factor kappa light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclic AMP/protein kinase A, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B. Additionally, we deliberated the antidepressant mechanisms of natural medicines comprising alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and quinones via diverse pathways. This research endeavor endeavored to encapsulate and synthesize the progression of TCMs in modulating HPA axis-associated signaling pathways to mitigate depression, thereby furnishing robust evidence for ensuing research in this domain.
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Depresión , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/metabolismo , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Citrus medica is a kind of medicinal and edible plant. It not only contains rich nutrients but also has a variety of therapeutic functions, including relieving pain, harmonizing the stomach, removing dampness, reducing phlegm, cleaning the liver, and relieving qi in traditional Chinese diagnosis. METHODS: The references of C. medica were mainly collected from the online database, such as PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Willy, SpringLink, and CNKI. The other related references were sorted by consulting books and documents. RESULTS: This review summarized and analyzed the different types of flavonoids of C. medica, including flavone-O-glycosides, flavone-C-glycosides, dihydroflavone-O-glycosides, flavonol aglycones, flavonoid aglycones, dihydroflavonoid aglycones, and bioflavonoids. The extraction methods of flavonoids were summarized in this review. Meanwhile, the multiple bioactivities of these flavonoids, including anti-atherosclerotic, hypolipidemic, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, and other activities. Their structure-activity relationships were reviewed and discussed in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: This review summarized the different extraction methods of diverse flavonoids with multiple bioactivities of C. medica, and their structure-activity relationships were discussed in this paper. This review may provide a valuable reference for researching and exploiting C. medica.
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Citrus , Flavonas , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/química , Citrus/química , Glicósidos/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , FitoquímicosRESUMEN
This second part of a series of Sino-European high-tech acupuncture studies describes the first clinical transcontinental teleacupuncture measurements in patients with insomnia. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements in 28 patients (mean age ± SD: 41.9 ± 14.6 years) were performed under standardized conditions in Harbin, China, and the data analysis was performed in Graz, Austria. Similar to the first part of the series, the electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded by an HRV Medilog AR12 system during acupuncture of the Shenmen point (HT7) on the left hand. HR decreased significantly (P < 0.001) during and after acupuncture stimulation of the HT7 acupuncture point. Total HRV increased significantly (P < 0.05) immediately after acupuncture stimulation, but there was no long-lasting effect. The values of the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) band increased significantly after the stimulation compared to baseline values; however, the LF/HF ratio showed no significant changes. Together with the results of previous studies, the present results can serve as a solid basis for further development of acupressure or acupuncture stimulation equipment for complementary use in treating insomnia.
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It has been shown in previous studies that the autonomic nervous system can be affected by acupuncture. Within this study, teleacupuncture between China and Austria is used for quantifying the effects of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in 33 Chinese patients (27 females, 6 males; mean age ± SD 49.5 ± 13.1 years; range 22-72 years) suffering from depression. Electrocardiographic signals before, during, and after acupuncture at the acupoint Baihui (GV20) were recorded in Harbin and analyzed in Graz using teleacupuncture. HRV data were analyzed in the time and frequency domain. Mean HR decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during and after acupuncture, whereas total HRV increased significantly after the third acupuncture stimulation period (P < 0.05) and also 5-10 minutes after (P < 0.05) acupuncture. The study shows that HRV could be a useful parameter for quantifying clinical effects of acupuncture on the autonomic nervous system.
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Multi-drug resistance remains a critical issue in cancer treatment that hinders the effective use of chemotherapeutic drugs. The active components of traditional Chinese medicine have been applied as adjuvants to accentuate the anticancer properties of conventional drugs such as cisplatin. However, their application requires further validation and optimization. This study explored the anticancer activity of ß-elemene, a natural component of traditional Chinese medical formulations. The effect of ß-elemene on the anticancer properties of cisplatin was evaluated in A549 and NCI-H1650 lung cancer cells. Cell apoptosis, stem-like properties, glucose metabolism, multi-drug resistance, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation were assessed via flow cytometry, tumorsphere formation, and western blotting. The target genes of ß-elemene were predicted using bioinformatics tools and validated in both cell lines. A xenograft model of lung cancer was established in nude mice to evaluate the combined effects of ß-elemene and cisplatin in vivo. We found that ß-elemene acted synergistically with cisplatin against non-small cell lung cancer cells by promoting apoptosis and impairing glucose metabolism, multi-drug resistance, and stemness maintenance. These effects were mediated by the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that RB1 and TP53 are common target genes associated with lung cancer and ß-elemene. The anti-tumorigenic properties of ß-elemene were confirmed in vivo, wherein ß-elemene, along with cisplatin, significantly suppressed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of non-small cell lung cancer. As such, ß-elemene acted as an inhibitor of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and enhanced the anticancer effect of cisplatin by targeting tumor metabolism, chemoresistance, and stem-like behavior. Thus, ß-elemene is an effective anticancer adjuvant agent with potential clinical applications.
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OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we explored the prevalence rates and association factors of functional gastrointestinal disorders and the most common modes and frequencies of bowel habit among a cohort of Chinese adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A stratified, randomized study based on cross-sectional data was performed using cluster sampling, which recruited 3671 students in Shanghai, China. All of the students were requested to complete a questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, 88.05%â±â0.28% of students had a bowel movement frequency of between 1 of 2 times per day and once every 2 days. Female students were found to have a lower bowel frequency than boys (Pâ<â0.01). The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation, and functional diarrhea were 19.89%, 24.93%, and 5.42%, respectively. Certain factors adjusted for age and sex were significantly associated with IBS (Pâ<â0.05), including gastrointestinal tract infection (odds ratio [OR] 2.26), abuse of analgesics (OR 1.25), air swallowing to terminate hiccups (OR 1.28), fatigue (OR 1.15), and depression (OR 1.36). Other factors that were adjusted for age and sex, such as fried food (OR 1.68), air swallowing to terminate hiccups (OR 1.21), anxiety (OR 1.12), and depression (OR 1.57), were significantly associated with the presence of functional constipation (Pâ<â0.05). CONCLUSION: : Our findings suggest that normal bowel frequency among Chinese urban adolescents may be defined as between 1 or 2 bowel movements per day and once every 2âdays. IBS, functional constipation, and diarrhea are common disorders among this adolescent group.
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Defecación , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/etiología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente , Niño , China/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Estreñimiento/epidemiología , Estreñimiento/etiología , Estreñimiento/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/fisiopatología , Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/etiología , Diarrea/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/psicología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/epidemiología , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/etiología , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/psicología , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Caracteres Sexuales , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
Background. Acupuncture has been reported to affect the human autonomic system. Within this pilot study, teleacupuncture between China and Austria is used for the first time for quantifying the effects of heart rate variability (HRV) in poststroke rehabilitation. Methods. In 29 Chinese post-stroke patients (15 f, 14 m; mean age ± SD 64.7 ± 11.3 years; range 40-80 years) electrocardiographic signals before, during, and after acupuncture at the acupoint Tongli (HT 5) were recorded in Harbin and analyzed in Graz using teleacupuncture via internet. HRV data were analyzed in the time and frequency domain, and a protocol from Austria was sent to the team in China immediately after the treatment and recording session. Results. Acupuncture does not change heart rate in the post-stroke patients; however, total HRV increased significantly (P < .05) during and 5-10 minutes after acupuncture. In addition, balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity (low frequency/high frequency HRV ratio) changes markedly during treatment. Conclusions. Based on innovative HRV analysis, it could be demonstrated that teleacupuncture between China/Harbin and Austria/Graz over a distance of about 8,500 km is no longer a future vision; it has become reality.
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BACKGROUND: Premature ventricular contractions are the most common type of arrhythmia. The clinical symptoms are mainly palpitations. In severe cases, syncope, angina pectoris and heart failure may occur, which seriously affect people's lives and ability to work. Antiarrhythmic drugs have many side effects and should not be taken for long periods. Acupuncture has a significant effect on the treatment of premature ventricular contractions. Therefore, to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of premature ventricular contractions, we conducted this study, with the goal of providing a scientific methodology for this alternative treatment. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science Journal Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database. We selected all randomized clinical trials related to the use of acupuncture in the treatment of premature ventricular contractions published on or before October 10, 2021, and we will conduct literature screening and data extraction based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. We will use the bias risk assessment tool from the Cochrane Systematic Review Manual to evaluate the quality of the research selected for inclusion in our study. RevMan5.3 software will be used to perform statistical analysis on the data. RESULTS: The results of this study will provide evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of premature ventricular contractions. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of patients with premature ventricular contractions and to provide an effective reference for clinicians and patients on its use. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY2021100040.
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Terapia por Acupuntura , Complejos Prematuros Ventriculares/terapia , Humanos , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Revisiones Sistemáticas como AsuntoRESUMEN
This paper studies the problem of decentralized adaptive output feedback fault detection and control for a class of uncertain nonlinear interconnected systems. The K-filters are designed to estimate the unmeasured state variables of the system. Moreover, the built-in noise dampening filters are introduced to attenuate the influence caused by the measurement noises. Then the fault detection scheme is proposed by designing the residual and threshold signals. Subsequently, by using the backstepping design method, the decentralized switched control strategies are proposed with the help of the neural network approximation technique. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved strictly that all signals of the resulting closed-loop system are bounded. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical result.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Xuan Bi Tong Yu Fang (XBTYF) on angiogenesis via the vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) Notch1/delta-like 4 (Dll4) pathway. Materials and Methods. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, sham-operated, myocardial ischemia model, and XBTYF treatment at 3.2, 1.6, and 0.8 g/kg. Electrocardiography was performed to evaluate the successful establishment of the model. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to observe the morphology and mitochondrial structure in myocardial cells, respectively. TUNEL staining was performed to assess the degree of cell apoptosis. The expression of VEGF-A, Notch1, Dll4, Bcl2, Bax, caspase 3, caspase 9, and cytochrome-c (Cyt-c) was observed by western blot. RESULTS: XBTYF inhibited changes to the morphology and mitochondrial structure in cardiomyocyte and reduced cell apoptosis. Compared with the model group, XBTYF at all doses (3.2, 1.6, and 0.8 g/kg) reduced the expression of Notch1, Dll4, Bax, caspase 3, caspase 9, and Cyt-c, whereas expression of VEGF-A and Bcl2 was increased. CONCLUSION: XBTYF attenuated mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis while promoting the angiogenesis of cardiomyocyte. The associated mechanism may be related to the VEGF-Notch1/Dll4 pathway.