The Effect of 3-Isocyanato-1-Propene on Adhesive Properties of UV-Curing Urethane/Siloxane Acrylate Resin.

We synthesized the urethane/siloxane acrylate oligomer from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydroxyl alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA). UV-curable resins were formulated from the synthesized oligomer, ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate (PHEA), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as a reactive diluent, 3-isocyanato-1-propene as an adhesion promoter and photoinitiators. The PET film was treated with plasma in order to introduce the functional group on the PET surface and the functional group was observed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The adhesion strength between the PET film and the UV-cured resin were increased by using the adhesion promoter. Also, the thermal stability, the modulus and surface hardness were increased, as the adhesion promoter was added.

Nrg1 is a transcriptional repressor for glucose repression of STA1 gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Expression of genes encoding starch-degrading enzymes is regulated by glucose repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified a transcriptional repressor, Nrg1, in a genetic screen designed to reveal negative factors involved in the expression of STA1, which encodes a glucoamylase. The NRG1 gene encodes a 25-kDa C2H2 zinc finger protein which specifically binds to two regions in the upstream activation sequence of the STA1 gene, as judged by gel retardation and DNase I footprinting analyses. Disruption of the NRG1 gene causes a fivefold increase in the level of the STA1 transcript in the presence of glucose. The expression of NRG1 itself is inhibited in the absence of glucose. DNA-bound LexA-Nrg1 represses transcription of a target gene 10.7-fold in a glucose-dependent manner, and this repression is abolished in both ssn6 and tup1 mutants. Two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments show an interaction of Nrg1 with Ssn6 both in vivo and in vitro. These findings indicate that Nrg1 acts as a DNA-binding repressor and mediates glucose repression of the STA1 gene expression by recruiting the Ssn6-Tup1 complex.

Efficacy and complications of enteral feeding tube insertion after liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Adequate nutritional support for patients undergoing major surgery significantly affects postoperative recovery. Data on enteral feeding after liver transplantation (LT) are scarce. The aim of this work was to determine the efficacy and complications of feeding tubes inserted with the use of fluoroscopic assistance, endoscopic assistance, or transperitoneal jejunostomy in patients who underwent LT. METHODS: From January 2008 to August 2013, 2,058 LTs were performed at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Enteral feeding tubes were inserted in 155 patients (7.5%) after LT: with the use of fluoroscopic placement in 81 (52%), endoscopic placement in 49 (32%), and transperitoneal jejunostomy in 25 (16%). We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and complications of enteral feeding tubes. RESULTS: The median age was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR] 49-60). Enteral feeding indications were a high risk of gastric aspiration (n = 90), gastric stasis (n = 27), pneumonia (n = 23), gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 12), and bowel rest (n = 3). Median enteral feeding durations were 14.5 days (IQR 8.0-30.7) for fluoroscopic placement, 20.0 days (IQR 8.0-40.0) for endoscopic placement, and 37.5 days (IQR 18.2-86.2) for transperitoneal jejunostomy. Times to establishment of oral feeding were 13.0 days (IQR 6.2-25.7) for fluoroscopic placement, 24.0 days (IQR 10.5-43.5) for endoscopic placement, and 37.0 days (IQR 17.0-64.2) for transperitoneal jejunostomy. After tube insertion, tube dislocation and blockage occurred in 34 patients (22%) and 16 patients (25%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Enteral feeding tube insertion in patients who can not maintain a nasogastric tube or start oral intake for a long time is important for nutritional support after LT. Proper feeding method selection according to patient condition can help patients by improving nutritional support after major operations such as LT.

The -238 tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter polymorphism is associated with decreased susceptibility to cancers.

We investigated the potential association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) promoter polymorphisms with cancers. The study included 169 patients with gastric cancer, uterine cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, or renal cell carcinoma and 92 healthy controls. The -308 and -238 polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha promoter were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The proportion of individuals carrying the TNF-238A allele was significantly lower in the cancer group than in the control group. The odds ratio for cancer in subjects with the TNF-238A allele was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.10-0.64). No association was found between the -308 polymorphism and cancers. These results suggest that the -238A allele has a protective function against cancers.

The Korean collaborative study on 11,000 prenatal genetic amniocentesis.

Since amniocentesis made prenatal diagnosis feasible in 1967, the method has been remarkably instrumental in obstetrical practice. A recent study conducted between 1980 and 1997 collected 11,000 amniocentesis procedures done at 10 university hospitals and tertiary centers in Korea. The study indicated that the use of amniocentesis on patients has increased steadily since 1980; however, the number has increased sharply for patients in the mid 1990's. In the 1980's, amniocentesis had been used primarily for patients in advanced maternal age groups (at least 35 years or older). In 1995, amniocentesis had been implemented for the detection of abnormal serum markers (37.6%), and by 1997, amniocentesis was involved in such diagnosis even more frequently (44.8%). Of the total number of uses, 270 (2.5%) involved the detection of chromosomal anomaly. In autosomal disorders, 96 Down syndrome, 33 Edward syndrome, and 6 Patau syndrome were diagnosed. In sex chromosomal anomaly, 10 Turner syndrome, and 10 Klinefelter syndrome were diagnosed. Added to that, 83 translocations, and 15 mosaicisms were diagnosed. Of the 322 cases with abnormal ultrasonographic findings, 21 (6.5%) resulted in chromosomal anomaly. The use of genetic amniocentesis as a prenatal diagnostic test for Korean women has risen 10-fold between 1988 and 1998. As stated earlier, amniocentesis had earlier been used primarily for those in advanced maternal age groups. Today, maternal serum markers and highly sensitive ultrasonic technology can detect many fetal anomalies which eventually necessitate amniocentesis.

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and expression in E. coli.

Eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were characterized. Five clones are IgG(1), two clones are IgM and one clone is IgG(2b); all have kappa light chain. The affinities are in the range of 1.1 x 10(-7) approximately 2.4 x 10(-9) M; the affinities of two IgM clones could not be estimated because of their low enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) signal. Each clone was constructed as single-chain Fv (scFv) and expression was performed in E. coli. Four clones out of 8 could express scFv soluble to culture media and the expression was confirmed further by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of V(H) and V(L) of four scFvs were deduced and their family and subgroup were analyzed. We found that the clones that do not express the scFv have aberrant kappa chain (incorrect V/J recombination or stop codon); in contrast, their heavy chain sequences proved correct. The E. coli-expressed scFvs showed 1.5 x 3.4-fold lower affinities (2.8 x 10(-8) approximately 3.6 x 10(-9) M) than those of hybridoma-derived parental antibodies except the one clone (C5), which exhibited approximately 10(-6) M of affinity.

Doughnut sign on bone scintigraphy in angioblastic meningioma.

Bone imaging was performed in a patient with a rapidly expanding parietal bone lesion. The findings on the nuclear medicine study showed a doughnut type lesion. The underlying abnormality was found to be an angioblastic meningioma causing local bone destruction.

Phase II study of docetaxel and irinotecan combination chemotherapy in metastatic gastric carcinoma.

The current treatment for metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) consists of cisplatin and/or fluorouracil (5-FU) based combination chemotherapy, but cisplatin-based regimens are associated with considerable toxicity. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a noncisplatin-, non-5-FU-containing regimen, docetaxel/irinotecan in MGC. Chemo-naive patients with MGC received docetaxel (30 mg m(-2)) and irinotecan (70 mg m(-2)) on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. The 48 eligible patients (median age 56 years) received a median of four cycles of docetaxel/irinotecan (range 1-18). Of the 46 patients in whom efficacy could be evaluated, 21 showed a partial response (response rate=45.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 31.3-60.1%). At a median follow-up of 15.0 months, the median time to progression was 4.5 months (95% CI 3.8-5.2 months) and overall survival was 8.2 months (95% CI, 5.8-10.6 months). Grade 3/4 neutropenia developed in 57.4% of patients, and febrile neutropenia/neutropenic infection in 19.1%. Nonhaematological toxicities were moderate; grade 3/4 diarrhoea occurred in 19.1% of patients, however, was manageable by a dose reduction. There was one possible treatment-related death. In conclusion, weekly docetaxel/irinotecan is a promising outpatient regimen in MGC, with appropriate dose modification.

Serially subcultivated cells as substrates for poliovirus production for vaccine.

Four human diploid cell cultures, WI-38, MRC-5, HEL 299, and IMR-90, and the aneuploid simian cell culture LLC-MK2 were considered in this study as alternatives to primary monkey kidney cells in the production of Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine (IPV). The composition of the basal media used for cell growth and viral replication was found to be critical. Medium CMRL-1969 required a 50% increase in the concentrations of arginine, cystine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, serine, and threonine to produce optimum cell and viral antigen yields, particularly in the Multi-Surface-Cell-Propagator (MSCP) and in the microcarrier suspension culture systems. Also, Medium 199, with Earle's Basic Salt Solution (BSS) for the human diploid cultures, and Hanks' BSS for the simian aneuploid culture, increased the D-antigen yields when compared with other virus growth media deficient in nucleic acid precursors. Approximately 3--4 cell population doublings were obtained in microcarrier culture systems. The average D-antigen yields for poliovirus Types 1,2 and 3 were about 110, 25 and 35, respectively. The physiological requirements for the four human diploid cell cultures were similar indicating easy interchange. The major advantage of the aneuploid LLC-MK2 cells is the reduced serum requirement. The microcarrier culture system is suitable for these cell substrates in the production of IPV provided the microcarriers can be kept in "single-bead" suspension at low rotational speeds of, initially, 10 rpm, with slight increases as the cell density increases.

Cell growth on microcarriers: comparison of proliferation on and recovery from various substrates.

Three commercially-important types of cell were grown on four different microcarrier substrates. The cells, which included normal human diploid fibroblasts (MRC-5), primary chick embryo cells and Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK), were compared with regard to proliferation on the substrates and with regard to recovery of viable cells from the same substrates. The substrates used included glass-coated microcarriers (Biosil), collagen microcarriers (Ventregel), DEAE-dextran microcarriers (Cytodex I) and collagen-linked DEAE-dextran microcarriers (Cytodex III). The established cell line (MDBK) grew well on all of the substrates and a high percentage of viable cells could be harvested from each substrate. The MRC-5 cells also grew well on all four substrates but high recovery rates were achieved only with cells grown on the glass-coated microcarriers or collagen microcarriers. In contrast, the primary chick embryo cells grew well only on the glass microcarriers and the recovery rate of cells harvested from this substrate was high. In some industrial operations, the re-utilization of cells after removal from the substrate is necessary. In these situations the appropriate choice of microcarriers for the cultivation of the cells may be critical.

Clinical features of 31 patients with systemic contact dermatitis due to the ingestion of Rhus (lacquer).

In Korea, Rhus has been used as a folk medicine to cure gastrointestinal diseases and as a health food. We review the clinicopathological and laboratory findings in patients with systemic contact dermatitis caused by intake of Rhus. We reviewed medical records and histopathological sections from 31 patients during a 10-year period. The male/female ratio was 1.4: 1 and the average age was 43.8 years (range 22-70). Ten patients (32%) had a known history of allergy to lacquer. Rhus was ingested to treat gastrointestinal problems including indigestion and gastritis (45%), and as a health food (39%), in cooked meat, in herbal medicine, or taken by inhalation. The patients developed skin lesions such as a maculopapular eruption (65%), erythema multiforme (EM, 32%), erythroderma (19%), pustules, purpura, weals and blisters. Erythroderma was very frequent in patients with a known history of allergy to lacquer, but maculopapular and EM-type eruptions were more frequently observed in those without a history of allergy. All patients experienced generalized or localized pruritus. Other symptoms included gastrointestinal problems (32%), fever (26%), chills and headache; many developed leucocytosis (70%) with neutrophilia (88%), while some showed toxic effects on liver and kidney. Fifty-nine per cent of patients observed cutaneous or general symptoms within a day after ingestion of Rhus. There was no difference in the time lag for symptoms to develop between patients allergic and not allergic to Rhus. All patients responded well to treatment with systemic steroids and antihistamines. Common histopathological findings were vascular dilatation, perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltration, and extravasation of red blood cells in the upper dermis. Rhus lacquer should not be ingested in view of its highly allergic and toxic effects.

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine and test development at Connaught Laboratories Ltd.

Trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) (MK) was made, purified, and inactivated according to the amended Rijks Instituut (The Netherlands) protocol from primary monkey kidney tissue grown on microcarrier cultures. Losses of the type 2 component due to adsorption to the glass ampule occurred with the purified vaccine preparation. This problem was solved by changing the diluent, and the vaccine was submitted for evaluation in clinical trials at Johns Hopkins (Baltimore, Md.). Phase 2 of the development was to standardize production of IPV from MRC-5 (human diploid) cells on microcarriers and otherwise follow the Rijks Instituut 's method. Results of experimental trivalent vaccine production and testing showed that the number of effective doses harvested from MRC-5 cell cultures compared favorably with vaccine derived from monkey kidney. The yields could be further increased with stearyl tyrosine as adjuvant. Large-scale production using 200-liter fermenters is in progress. Poliovirus particles of various densities in cesium chloride can be found in any IPV preparation and give rise to different immunogenic responses. As shown in this paper, some of these virus fractions produce a low primary humoral antibody response but appear to be important for memory induction.

Use of solvents in industries in Korea: experience in Sinpyeong-Jangrim industrial complex.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the most popular solvent and typical type of solvent work among solvent-using workplaces in Korea. METHODS: In practice, 862 solvent-using workshops in Sinpyeong-Jangrim industrial complex in Pusan were investigated in a 2-year period from March 1995 to February 1997. Solvent vapors in the breathing zone of workers were collected by personal sampling with charcoal tubes. The exposed charcoal was extracted with carbon disulfide, and the solvents in the extract were analyzed by flame ionization detector-equipped gas chromatography (FID-GC). RESULTS: Solvents were used in painting, glue application, cleaning, printing and solvent-mixing workshops in decreasing order of popularity. Toluene was the most frequently measured solvent. In the five types of solvent work, acetone, hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene and xylenes were also used frequently. CONCLUSIONS: Toluene was identified as the most frequently used solvent in solvent works in Korean manufacture industries in the late 1990s. Eight types of solvent were popularly used in five popular types of solvent work. These trends are very similar to the cases reported for industries in Japan.

Nitric oxide synthesis and severity of human periodontal disease.

The expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme (iNOS) is a response to an inflammatory stimulus and produces a large amount of nitric oxide (NO), which may act as a cytotoxic molecule against the invading microorganism and may be related to both harmful and beneficial effects to tissues. OBJECTIVE AND MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to further characterize the presence of NO in human periodontal disease, we undertook a quantitative study of iNOS positive cells in samples of clinically healthy gingival tissues, plaque-induced gingivitis and localized chronic periodontitis using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: A significant increase in the number of iNOS+ cells mm-2 was found in the samples of the gingivitis and periodontitis compared with those of the control. In all groups most of the polymorphonuclear cells showed intense immunoreactivity for iNOS independent of the disease stage, and the percentage of iNOS+ polymorphonuclear cells increased significantly in periodontal disease when compared with the control. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that iNOS increases in the presence of periodontal disease. In addition, our findings suggest that polymorphonuclear cells present an additional activation pathway in periodontal disease, expressing significant iNOS and probably representing an important source of NO in human periodontal disease that has not been previously reported.

Multichannel acousto-optic Bragg cell for real-time electroholography.

A multichannel acousto-optic Bragg cell was made by the joining of acousto-optic cells that have the shape of symmetrical trapezoidal prisms. This acousto-optic Bragg cell has an aperture length equal to the sum of its component acousto-optic cells but has an aperture time equal to that of each acousto-optic cell. We tested the performance of the multichannel acousto-optic Bragg cell by joining six TeO(2) acousto-optic cells together with 300-microm gaps between one another. The holographic fringe data prepared by computer were divided into six equal segments. Each data segment was again divided into six equal parts and then fed into the corresponding acousto-optic cell. The holographic images were reconstructed by the periodical illumination of a green (lambda = 0.5145 microm) pulse laser beam onto the multichannel acousto-optic Bragg cell. The reconstructed images are sharp and clear. This indicates that the multichannel acousto-optic Bragg cell is working properly.

Analysis of polymorphic region of GAM-1 gene in Plasmodium vivax Korean isolates.

The identification, characterization and quantification of Plasmodium sp. genetic polymorphism are becoming increasingly important in the vaccine development. We investigated polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax GAM-1 (PvGAM-1) gene in 30 Korean isolates. The polymorphic region of the PvGAM-1 gene, corresponding to nt 3792-4029, was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing. All of the P. vivax Korean isolates were one type of GAM-1 gene, which were identical to that of the Belem strain. It is suggested that PvGAM-1 could not be used as a genetic marker for identifying or classifying P. vivax Korean isolates. It revealed that the polymorphic pattern was acquired basically by duplication and modification or deletion event of a 33 bp-motif fragment ended by poly guanine (G) and that there were at least three complete and one partial 33 bp-motif sequences within the polymorphic region in the longest cases such as those of South Korean and Belem isolates. In addition, we clustered P. vivax isolates with parsimonious criteria on the basis of PvGAM-1 polymorphic patterns (insertion/deletion patterns).

Left main coronary artery dissection after blunt chest trauma presented as acute anterior myocardial infarction: assessment by intravascular ultrasound: a case report.

Coronary artery injury after blunt chest trauma is very rare, but this can result in a serious acute myocardial infarction. Coronary artery dissection is an uncommon complication of thoracic injuries. We report a case of a 17-year-old male who was presented with an anterior myocardial infarction following blunt chest trauma after a bicycle accident. His coronary angiography revealed aneurysmal dilatation with dissection of the distal left main stem coronary artery. Intravascular ultrasound showed a dissecting flap at the left main stem coronary artery. The patient was treated conservatively and discharged without serious sequelae. When symptoms and electrocardiographic findings are compatible with acute myocardial infarction, careful evaluation is important in patients with thoracic injuries for proper management. If the patient is stable, medical therapy may be appropriate. But early intervention should be considered in the presence of ongoing myocardial ischemia.