RESUMEN
Vegetable oils offer excellent biological properties, but their high lipophilicity limits their bioavailability. This work aimed to develop nanoemulsions based on sunflower and rosehip oils and to evaluate their wound-healing activity. The influence of phospholipids of plant origin on nanoemulsions' characteristics was investigated. A nanoemulsion prepared with a mixture of phospholipids and synthetic emulsifiers (Nano-1) was compared with another prepared only with phospholipids (Nano-2). The healing activity was evaluated in wounds induced in human organotypic skin explant culture (hOSEC) based on histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The hOSEC wound model was validated, showing that high nanoparticle concentration in the wound bed interferes with cell mobility and the ability to respond to the treatment. Nanoemulsions were 130 to 370 nm, with a concentration of 1013 particles/mL, and a low potential to induce inflammatory processes. Nano-2 was three times larger than Nano-1 but less cytotoxic and could target the oils to the epidermis. Nano-1 permeated intact skin to the dermis and showed a more prominent healing effect than Nano-2 in the hOSEC wound model. Changes in the lipid nanoemulsion stabilizers impacted the cutaneous and cellular penetration of the oils, cytotoxicity, and healing kinetics, resulting in versatile delivery systems.
RESUMEN
Skin wounds have been a public health concern of high frequency, in addition to requiring intensive and expensive care. The natural rubber latex (NRL) from Hancornia speciosa Gomes has been used to treat many problems in traditional medicine and also present healing properties, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity and antinociceptive effects. The purpose of this study was to characterize the new biomembrane from the NRL of H. speciosa (HS) by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and mechanical strength test and to investigate its biological properties by the cytotoxicity assay and in vivo healing activity. The results showed that the HS biomembrane exhibited characteristic bands of the main component cis-1,4-polyisoprene. Besides, its Young modulus was close to human skin with adhesive-compatible mechanical characteristics. The cytotoxicity assays revealed that the HS biomembrane was not toxic to fibroblast cells neither using agar diffusion test nor MTT assay. Furthermore, the HS biomembrane stimulated the inflammatory cells and the angiogenesis, increased significantly the collagenesis and improved the quality of heal until the remodeling phase induced by implants in mice. Thus, this biomembrane has proven to be a safe and biocompatible biomaterial with healing potential, becoming an effective and low-cost alternative for the treatment of skin wounds.