RESUMEN
Suicide is an important problem in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The importance of mental disorders and social vulnerability on suicidal behaviors is described in the literature; however, the impact of childhood traumatic events in this scenario is not clear. The aim of this study was to verify the mediation effect of mental disorder comorbidities and social vulnerability in association with childhood trauma intensity and suicide risk level. This cross-sectional study of HIV-positive outpatients was conducted in a specialized care service in the city of Pelotas in Southern Brazil. Sociodemographic data and HIV-related information were collected and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was applied. A total of 364 patients underwent psychiatric evaluation using MINI Plus including module C of suicide risk severity. Suicide risk was present in 39.3% of the sample. The relation between childhood traumatic events and the level of suicide risk is mediated by mental disorder comorbidities and socioeconomic vulnerability. Specific psychosocial interventions in PLWHA should consider the potential role of abusive traumatic experiences in the current mental health conditions and suicidal behaviors.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Suicidio/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neutrophil migration into tissues is involved in the genesis of inflammatory pain. Here, we addressed the hypothesis that the effect of CXC chemokines on CXCR1/2 is important to induce neutrophil migration and inflammatory hypernociception. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Mice were treated with a non-competitive allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1/2, DF 2162, and neutrophil influx and inflammatory hypernociception were assessed by myeloperoxidase assay and electronic pressure meter test, respectively, in various models of inflammation. KEY RESULTS: DF 2162 inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis induced by CXCR1/2 ligands but had no effect on CXCL8 binding to neutrophils. A single mutation of the allosteric site at CXCR1 abrogated the inhibitory effect of DF 2162 on CXCL-8-induced chemotaxis. Treatment with DF 2162 prevented influx of neutrophils and inflammatory hypernociception induced by CXCL1 in a dose-dependent manner. The compound inhibited neutrophil influx and inflammatory hypernociception induced by carrageenan, lipopolysaccharide and zymosan, but not hypernociception induced by dopamine and PGE(2). DF 2162 had a synergistic effect with indomethacin or the absence of TNFR1 to abrogate carrageenan-induced hypernociception. Treatment with DF 2162 diminished neutrophil influx, oedema formation, disease score and hypernociception in collagen-induced arthritis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: CXCR1/2 mediates neutrophil migration and is involved in the cascade of events leading to inflammatory hypernociception. In addition to modifying fundamental pathological processes, non-competitive allosteric inhibitors of CXCR1/2 may have the additional benefit of providing partial relief for pain and, hence, may be a valid therapeutic target for further studies aimed at the development of new drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/farmacología , Bencenoacetamidas/farmacología , Hiperalgesia/prevención & control , Inflamación/complicaciones , Mesilatos/farmacología , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Interleucina-8A/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Interleucina-8B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Artritis Experimental/complicaciones , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Bencenoacetamidas/uso terapéutico , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocina CXCL1/metabolismo , Quimiotaxis de Leucocito/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Hiperalgesia/etiología , Hiperalgesia/inmunología , Indometacina/farmacología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/inmunología , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Masculino , Mesilatos/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos DBA , Ratones Noqueados , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Dimensión del Dolor , Receptores de Interleucina-8A/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-8A/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-8B/metabolismo , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/genética , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/metabolismo , TransfecciónRESUMEN
Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is frequently observed in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and results from the compromise of subcortical brain structures by the virus. The manifestations of NCI range from asymptomatic impairment to dementia. In addition to cognitive impairment resulting from HIV infection, other factors such as depression are associated with the loss of cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of NCI in HIV-positive patients in a city in southern Brazil and to establish possible associations for the prevalence of NCI with HIV-related and other risk factors. This cross-sectional study of HIV-positive outpatients was conducted in a specialized care service in the city of Pelotas in Southern Brazil. Sociodemographic data and HIV-related information were collected, and all patients underwent psychiatric and neurocognitive evaluations. The prevalence of NCI among the 392 patients was 54.1% when tracked using the IHDS (International HIV Dementia Scale) and 36.2% when the IHDS was associated with a battery of complementary tests. A bivariate analysis suggested an association of NCI with gender, age, educational level, depression, current CD4 count and lowest CD4 count. The association of NCI with depression remained in the Poisson regression (PR=1.96, 95%CI=1.12-3.42). The prevalence of cognitive impairment in HIV-positive patients estimated in this study is in accordance with international and Brazilian data. Of the factors analyzed, depression showed the greatest evidence of association with neurocognitive loss. Based on our findings, the inclusion of instruments to evaluate depression in our services for patients with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is recommended.
Asunto(s)
Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/virología , Seropositividad para VIH/epidemiología , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/epidemiología , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/virología , Complejo SIDA Demencia/complicaciones , Complejo SIDA Demencia/epidemiología , Complejo SIDA Demencia/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Encéfalo/virología , Brasil/epidemiología , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Femenino , Seropositividad para VIH/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/diagnóstico , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Prevalencia , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Carga Viral , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study searched for subjective elements in the fatigue of laryngectomized patients. The authors used an instrument proposed by YOSHITAKE that investigates the symptoms of physical indisposition, mental weariness and a specific sensation of fatigue. Data were analysed considering the literature, demonstrating that the psychological factors, the treatment and phases of the disease are directly related.
Asunto(s)
Fatiga/etiología , Neoplasias Laríngeas/cirugía , Laringectomía/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Fatiga/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Biomarkers are important factors in the identification of the frail elderly (higher risk of developing disease) and in assessing the impact of PTI. On the other hand, BDNF has been related to neuroprotection in a series of central nervous system diseases in older age. The levels of BDNF in groups of elderly women classified according to Fried phenotype (non-frail and pre-frail) were compared. We assessed the impact of a PTI on BDNF levels. A convenience sample of 48 elderly women was randomly selected. The PTI group was composed by 20 elderly women selected from this group. Plasma neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF, glial-derived neutrophic factor (GDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Timed-up-and-go (TUG) test, hand-grip and work/body weight were evaluated before and after the intervention. Plasma concentrations of BDNF were significantly higher in non-frail in comparison to pre-frail elderly women. After the PTI, higher levels of BDNF were found in elderly women (before 351±68 pg/ml and after 593±79 pg/ml; p<0.001). Both groups had an increase in BDNF levels after the PTI. The low levels of BDNF in pre-frail elderly women suggest that this neurotrophic factor may be a key pathophysiological mediator in the syndrome of frailty. The fact that PTI increased BDNF levels in both groups suggests that it may be possible to modify this phenotype.
Asunto(s)
Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/sangre , Anciano Frágil , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Anciano , Femenino , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado de la Línea Celular Glial/sangre , Traumatismos de la Mano/patología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/sangre , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodosAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/virología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/clasificación , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Lentivirus/veterinaria , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Gatos , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/genética , Infecciones por Lentivirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Lentivirus/virologíaRESUMEN
Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is frequently observed in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and results from the compromise of subcortical brain structures by the virus. The manifestations of NCI range from asymptomatic impairment to dementia. In addition to cognitive impairment resulting from HIV infection, other factors such as depression are associated with the loss of cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of NCI in HIV-positive patients in a city in southern Brazil and to establish possible associations for the prevalence of NCI with HIV-related and other risk factors. This cross-sectional study of HIV-positive outpatients was conducted in a specialized care service in the city of Pelotas in Southern Brazil. Sociodemographic data and HIV-related information were collected, and all patients underwent psychiatric and neurocognitive evaluations. The prevalence of NCI among the 392 patients was 54.1% when tracked using the IHDS (International HIV Dementia Scale) and 36.2% when the IHDS was associated with a battery of complementary tests. A bivariate analysis suggested an association of NCI with gender, age, educational level, depression, current CD4 count and lowest CD4 count. The association of NCI with depression remained in the Poisson regression (PR=1.96, 95%CI=1.12-3.42). The prevalence of cognitive impairment in HIV-positive patients estimated in this study is in accordance with international and Brazilian data. Of the factors analyzed, depression showed the greatest evidence of association with neurocognitive loss. Based on our findings, the inclusion of instruments to evaluate depression in our services for patients with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is recommended.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Seropositividad para VIH/epidemiología , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/epidemiología , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/virología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/virología , Encéfalo/virología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Complejo SIDA Demencia/complicaciones , Complejo SIDA Demencia/psicología , Complejo SIDA Demencia/epidemiología , Seropositividad para VIH/psicología , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Carga Viral , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/diagnóstico , Escolaridad , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
The association of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, muscle strength and functional capacity was investigated in a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling elderly women from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Elderly people who present controlled chronic diseases with no negative impact on physical, psychosocial and mental functionality are considered to be community-dwelling. Psychological and social stress due to unsuccessfully aging can represent a risk for immune system disfunctions. IL-6 levels, isokinetic muscle strength of knee flexion/extension, and functional tests to determine time required to rise from a chair and gait velocity were measured in 57 participants (71.21 +/- 7.38 years). Serum levels of IL-6 were measured in duplicate and were performed within one single assay (mouse monoclonal antibody against IL-6; High-Sensitivity, Quantikine, R & D Systems, USA; intra-assay coefficient of variance = 6.9-7.4%; interassay coefficient of variance = 9.6-6.5%; sensitivity = 0.016-0.110 pg/mL; mean = 0.039 pg/mL). Muscle strength was assessed with the isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3 Pro. After the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied, correlations were investigated using Spearman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Post hoc analysis was performed using the Dunn test. A significant negative correlation was observed between plasma IL-6 levels (1.95 +/- 1.77 pg/mL) and muscle strength for knee flexion (70.70 +/- 21.14%; r = -0.265; P = 0.047) and extension (271.84 +/- 67.85%; r = -0.315; P = 0.017). No significant correlation was observed between IL-6 levels and the functional tests (time to rise from a chair = 14.65 +/- 2.82 s and gait velocity = 0.95 +/- 0.14 m/s). These results suggest that IL-6 is associated with reduced muscle strength.
Asunto(s)
Interleucina-6/sangre , Articulación de la Rodilla/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de la radiación , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores/sangre , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Femenino , Humanos , Contracción Isométrica/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
A nested PCR assay was used to diagnose bovine encephalitis through herpesviruses including bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV-5), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), Aujeszky's disease virus (SHV-1), and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) in 14 fragments of central nervous system (CNS) from cattle that died with neurological signs. In addition, as some samples of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) have been isolated from neural tissue, it was also tested by nested PCR. The cases of encephalitis occurred in isolation at different times of the year and did not present any seasonality. The duration of the clinical course ranged between 1 to 15 days, and in 64.3 percent of the cases it manifested between 1 to 2 days. The most frequently observed neurological signs were ataxia, recumbency, unsteadiness and inability to stand, opisthotonus, paddling movements, nystagmus and ptyalism. In the nested assay, there was no evidence of: BHV-1, SHV-1 or OHV-2 in the DNA obtained from the CNS in any of the samples. But the presence of BHV-4 was found in all fragments of the CNS in cattle which died presenting neurological signs. Moreover, BHV-5 was found in association with BHV-4 in two of these samples.
Nested PCR foi utilizada para o diagnóstico de encefalite bovina por herpesvírus incluindo o herpesvírus bovino 5 (BHV-5), o herpesvírus bovino 1 (BHV-1), o vírus da doença de Aujeszky (SHV-1) e o herpesvírus ovino 2 (OHV-2) em 14 fragmentos do sistema nervoso central (SNC) de bovinos que morreram com sinais neurológicos. Embora o BHV-4 não seja reconhecido como vírus neurotrófico, foi detectado nos casos de encefalite que ocorreram isoladamente em diferentes épocas do ano e não apresentaram nenhuma sazonalidade. A duração do curso clínico variou entre 1 e 15 dias, e em 64,3 por cento dos casos manifestou-se entre 1 e 2 dias. Os sinais neurológicos mais freqüentemente observados foram ataxia, apatia, instabilidade, opistótono, movimentos de pedalagem, nistagmo e sialorréia. Nos ensaios de PCR nested realizados a partir do DNA obtido do SNC, não foi encontrado evidência de: BHV-1, SHV-1 ou OHV-2 em nenhuma das amostras. Mas, a presença de BHV-4 foi encontrada em todos os fragmentos do SNC de bovinos que morreram com sinais neurológicos. Além disso, o BHV-5 foi encontrado em associação com o BHV-4 em duas dessas amostras.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Bovinos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , SeudorrabiaRESUMEN
Blood samples from 1,072 domestic cats of nine administrative regions of Belo Horizonte, MG, were collected and tested using PCR nested for the occurrence of feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Overall occurrence was 47.5 percent (507/1072) being North (68.1 percent) and East (54.4 percent) the most prevalent areas. Epidemiological data showed that FeLV infection was very common among examined cats and breed neither gender nor were predisposing factors for FeLV. The results suggest that the agglomeration of a large number of cats in the same environment can be an important factor for the increase in the rate of transmission of this retrovirus among domestic cats in the studied city.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Leucemia Felina/diagnóstico , Leucemia Felina/virología , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/veterinaria , Densidad de Población , Pruebas Serológicas , SerologíaRESUMEN
Em agosto de 2008, um garanhão da raça Mangalarga Marchador, de quatro anos de idade, com histórico clínico de apatia, inapetência e edema de prepúcio e escroto, apresentou, ao exame clínico, exsudato purulento fluindo pelo óstio prepucial, prepúcio e mucosa peniana com inúmeras lesões circulares de bordos elevados e hiperêmicos, centro ulcerado recoberto por material amarelado de aspecto fibrinoso, com distribuição multifocal. Histologicamente, a mucosa peniana apresentou áreas de ulceração associadas a infiltrado inflamatório misto, com necrose multifocal e moderado acúmulo de fibrina, que se estendiam para o tecido conjuntivo adjacente. O diagnóstico morfológico foi de balanopostite ulcerativa fibrino-necrótica multifocal intensa, similar ao encontrado em casos de exantema coital equino (ECE), causado pelo herpesvírus equino 3 (EHV-3). Amostra de pele do prepúcio e sangue, colhido em EDTA, foram submetidos a ensaios de PCR específicos para EHV-3, observando-se a amplificação de um produto de tamanho esperado de 518pb. A detecção do EHV-3 foi confirmada por meio de seu sequenciamento, sendo a sequência de nucleotídeos depositada no GenBank sob o número GQ336877. As sequências de nucleotídeos e as de aminoácidos deduzidos apresentaram identidade de 99 por cento e 100 por cento, respectivamente, com a sequência de EHV-3 disponível no GenBank, número AF081188. Após 15 dias de tratamento, houve completa cicatrização das lesões, com despigmentação da pele, principalmente, no prepúcio e na bolsa escrotal. Com base nos achados clínicos, histopatológicos, PCR e sequenciamento, concluiu-se tratar de um caso de exantema coital equino, sendo o primeiro com confirmação definitiva do agente etiológico no Brasil.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Heridas y Lesiones/etiología , /patogenicidad , Prepucio/lesiones , Caballos/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
The association of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, muscle strength and functional capacity was investigated in a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling elderly women from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Elderly people who present controlled chronic diseases with no negative impact on physical, psychosocial and mental functionality are considered to be community-dwelling. Psychological and social stress due to unsuccessfully aging can represent a risk for immune system disfunctions. IL-6 levels, isokinetic muscle strength of knee flexion/extension, and functional tests to determine time required to rise from a chair and gait velocity were measured in 57 participants (71.21 ± 7.38 years). Serum levels of IL-6 were measured in duplicate and were performed within one single assay (mouse monoclonal antibody against IL-6; High-Sensitivity, Quantikine®, R & D Systems, USA; intra-assay coefficient of variance = 6.9-7.4 percent; interassay coefficient of variance = 9.6-6.5 percent; sensitivity = 0.016-0.110 pg/mL; mean = 0.039 pg/mL). Muscle strength was assessed with the isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3 Pro®. After the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied, correlations were investigated using Spearman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Post hoc analysis was performed using the Dunn test. A significant negative correlation was observed between plasma IL-6 levels (1.95 ± 1.77 pg/mL) and muscle strength for knee flexion (70.70 ± 21.14 percent; r = -0.265; P = 0.047) and extension (271.84 ± 67.85 percent; r = -0.315; P = 0.017). No significant correlation was observed between IL-6 levels and the functional tests (time to rise from a chair = 14.65 ± 2.82 s and gait velocity = 0.95 ± 0.14 m/s). These results suggest that IL-6 is associated with reduced muscle strength.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , /sangre , Articulación de la Rodilla/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de la radiación , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Contracción Isométrica/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
A região p17-p24 do gene gag de 10 amostras do vírus da imunodeficiência felina detectadas no estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil) foi seqüenciada com o objetivo de determinar a sua classificação molecular e a sua relação com seqüências de amostras previamente descritas. As amostras pertenciam ao subtipo B, entretanto foi possível observar que a maioria delas encontra-se em um subgrupo dentro do subtipo B, o que indica presença de um possível ancestral comum entre elas.