Evaluating the use of machine learning in endometrial cancer: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on machine learning in endometrial cancer, report the most commonly used algorithms, and compare performance with traditional prediction models. METHODS: This is a systematic review of the literature from January 1985 to March 2021 on the use of machine learning in endometrial cancer. An extensive search of electronic databases was conducted. Four independent reviewers screened studies initially by title then full text. Quality was assessed using the MINORS (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies) criteria. P values were derived using the Pearson's Χ2 test in JMP 15.0. RESULTS: Among 4295 articles screened, 30 studies on machine learning in endometrial cancer were included. The most frequent applications were in patient datasets (33.3%, n=10), pre-operative diagnostics (30%, n=9), genomics (23.3%, n=7), and serum biomarkers (13.3%, n=4). The most commonly used models were neural networks (n=10, 33.3%) and support vector machine (n=6, 20%).The number of publications on machine learning in endometrial cancer increased from 1 in 2010 to 29 in 2021.Eight studies compared machine learning with traditional statistics. Among patient dataset studies, two machine learning models (20%) performed similarly to logistic regression (accuracy: 0.85 vs 0.82, p=0.16). Machine learning algorithms performed similarly to detect endometrial cancer based on MRI (accuracy: 0.87 vs 0.82, p=0.24) while outperforming traditional methods in predicting extra-uterine disease in one serum biomarker study (accuracy: 0.81 vs 0.61). For survival outcomes, one study compared machine learning with Kaplan-Meier and reported no difference in concordance index (83.8% vs 83.1%). CONCLUSION: Although machine learning is an innovative and emerging technology, performance is similar to that of traditional regression models in endometrial cancer. More studies are needed to assess its role in endometrial cancer. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021269565.

Attitudes and practices associated with pubic hair grooming behaviours: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Female pubic hair grooming (PHG) habits have changed in the last 20 years. Most studies present findings around female PHG attitudes, practices, and behaviours, lacking data on male attitudes and practices. AIMS: We explored the attitudes and practices of PHG from male and female perspectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional convenience survey was conducted online with 1560 male and female young adult participants aged 18 to 25 years. The study was conducted over two time periods (2014 and 2021). The survey explored attitudes, practices, and behaviours around PHG. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and proportions for categorical variables and the median for continuous variables. Males and females were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. We used logistic regression to explore independent factors of PHG. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent (n = 471/728) of females and 64.7% (n = 257/728) of males were likely to engage in PHG. Participants were more likely to groom their pubic hair for reasons associated with religion (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 9.01, 95% CI: 2.87-28.2), comfort when wearing clothing (aOR: 3.85, 95% CI: 1.52-9.71), a neater and cleaner genital appearance (aOR: 3.90, 95% CI: 1.62-9.41) and before attending a healthcare consultation (aOR: 4.79, 95% CI: 2.27-10.09). Moreover, twice as many females compared with male groomers reported watching pornography (69.7% vs 30.3%). CONCLUSION: Several factors can influence PHG. Our findings demonstrate that the reasons participants engage in PHG practices are for hygiene, aesthetics, comfort, and sexual satisfaction.

Incidence, and natural history of inflammatory bowel disease in Castilla y León: Prospective and multicenter epidemiological study. / Incidencia e historia natural de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en Castilla y León: estudio prospectivo, multicéntrico y poblacional.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of IBD in Castilla y León describing clinical characteristics of the patients at diagnosis, the type of treatment received and their clinical course during the first year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective, multicenter and population-based incidence cohort study. Patients aged >18 years diagnosed during 2017 with IBD (Crohn's disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC] and indeterminate colitis [IC]) were included from 8 hospitals in Castilla y León. Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic variables were registered. The global incidence and disease incidence were calculated. RESULTS: 290 patients were diagnosed with IBD (54.5% UC, 45.2% CD, and 0.3% IC), with a median follow-up of 9 months (range 8-11). The incidence rate of IBD in Castilla y Leon in 2017 was 16.6 cases per 10,000 inhabitants-year (9/105 UC cases and 7.5/105 CD cases), with a UC/CD ratio of 1.2:1. Use of systemic corticosteroids (47% vs 30%; P=.002), immunomodulatory therapy (81% vs 19%; P=.000), biological therapy (29% vs 8%; P=.000), and surgery (11% vs 2%; p=.000) were significatively higher among patients with CD comparing with those with UC. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of patients with UC in our population increases while the incidence of patients with CD remains stable. Patients with CD present a worse natural history of the disease (use of corticosteroids, immunomodulatory therapy, biological therapy and surgery) compared to patients with UC in the first year of follow-up.

A clinical trial comparing propofol versus propofol plus midazolam in diagnostic endoscopy of patients with a low anesthetic risk.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: propofol and midazolam are two of the most commonly used sedatives in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE). The objective of this study was to evaluate these two sedation regimens administered to patients who underwent an UGE with regard to security, efficiency, quality of exploration and patient response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: a prospective, randomized and double-blind study was performed which included 83 patients between 18 and 80 years of age of a low anesthetic risk (ASA - American Society of Anesthesiologists- I-II) who underwent a diagnostic UGE. Patients were randomized to receive sedation with either placebo plus propofol (group A) or midazolam plus propofol (group B). RESULTS: in group A, 42 patients received a placebo bolus (saline solution) and on average up to 115 mg of propofol in boluses of 20 mg. In group B, 41 patients received 3 mg of midazolam and an average of up to 83 mg of propofol in boluses of 20 mg. There were no significant differences in the adverse effects observed in either group and all adverse events were treated conservatively. The patients in group B (midazolam plus propofol) entered the desired sedated state more quickly with no variation in the overall time of the exploration. The quality of the endoscopic evaluation was similar in both groups and the patients were equally satisfied regardless of the sedatives they received. CONCLUSIONS: the use of midazolam plus propofol as a sedative does not affect the overall exploration time, a lower dose of propofol can be used and it is as safe as administering propofol as a monotherapy while providing the same level of both exploration quality and patient approval.

[Domestic violence and constipation: an integrative review]. / Violência doméstica e constipação intestinal: uma revisão integrativa da literatura.

OBJECTIVE: To search the literature for evidence of a relationship between domestic violence and constipation. METHODS: An integrative review was conducted using the six-step approach and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We examined articles published between 2005 and 2015 investigating the correlation between domestic violence and constipation. The search was performed in September and October of 2015 in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. The selection of articles was performed in three stages: search, pre-selection, and inclusion. RESULTS: Of 177 articles identified, 11 were included in the review. Of these 11 articles, seven were quantitative, three were qualitative, and one was mixed. Four articles focused on children and adolescents, two investigated medical knowledge regarding the relationship between domestic violence and constipation, one reviewed digestive disorders in the elderly, one evaluated the results of biofeedback for the treatment of constipated individuals with or without a history of violence, and one evaluated evacuatory disorders and correlated the result of defecography with history of domestic violence. Finally, two studies were specialist reports. Level of evidence was 1B and recommendation grade A in three studies. All studies detected a relationship between domestic violence and intestinal constipation. CONCLUSION: The results of the present review support a correlation between domestic violence and intestinal constipation. The investigation of this relationship is recommended in clinical practice.

Granulomatous appendicitis as an uncommon cause of abdominal pain. Description of a case.

Granulomatous appendicitis is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen. Its etiology can be infectious in nature, noninfectious or idiopathic. We present the case of a patient of whom we got to know about due to an urgent colonoscopy. At the cecum, the appendicular fold was thickened and the mucosa had erythema and nodularity. The diagnosis is made by pathology, as in the majority of cases in this entity. The surgical treatment is curative.

Characteristics, treatment and prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure according to ejection fraction. Results of an Ecuadorian registry.

BACKGROUND: In Ecuador, there are few data about the clinical behaviour of heart failure (HF). This study aims to analyse the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis according to the current classification based on left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). METHODS: A retrospective observational study was carried out in patients with chronic HF from the 'Los Ceibos' registry during the period January 2017-December 2022. Patients were classified into HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) [EF ≥ 50%], HF with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF) [EF:41-49%], and HF with reduced (HFrEF) [EF ≤ 40%]. The patients were followed up for a mean time of 2.28 (IQR 1.25-3.49) years. RESULTS: A total of 711 patients were included, 333 (46.8%) with HFrEF, 109 patients (15.3%) with HFmrEF and 269 patients (37.8%) with HFpEF. The average age was 69.8 ± 13.1 years, 31.4% were women. The main comorbidity was arterial hypertension (92.7%). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers were used in 74.5%, beta-blockers in 82.3%, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in 51.3%. 58.3% of patients with HFrEF received three drugs of the so-called foundational quadruple therapy. A lower all-cause (24.5%) and cardiovascular mortality rate (11,2%) was observed in the HFpEF group compared to HFmrEF (47.4% and 25,7%) and HFrEF (45.3% and 25,8%), p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: In the 'Los Ceibos' registry, a higher prevalence of HFrEF was observed. The main comorbidity was HTN. Half of the patients with HFrEF received three drugs of the foundational therapy. At four years of follow-up, lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rate was observed in the HFpEF group.

Psoriasis induced by antiTNF therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Therapeutic management and evolution of both diseases in a nationwide cohort study.

BACKGROUND: some patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with antiTNF develop drug-induced psoriasis (antiTNF-IP). Several therapeutic strategies are possible. AIMS: to assess the management of antiTNF-IP in IBD, and its impact in both diseases. METHODS: patients with antiTNF-IP from ENEIDA registry were included. Therapeutic strategy was classified as continuing the same antiTNF, stopping antiTNF, switch to another antiTNF or swap to a non-antiTNF biologic. IP severity and IBD activity were assessed at baseline and 16, 32 and 54 weeks. RESULTS: 234 patients were included. At baseline, antiTNF-IP was moderate-severe in 60 % of them, and IBD was in remission in 80 %. Therapeutic strategy was associated to antiTNF-IP severity (p < 0.001). AntiTNF-IP improved at week 54 with all strategies, but continuing with the same antiTNF showed the worst results (p = 0.042). Among patients with IBD in remission, relapse was higher in those who stopped antiTNF (p = 0.025). In multivariate analysis, stopping antiTNF, trunk and palms and soles location were associated with antiTNF-IP remission; female sex and previous surgery in Crohn´s disease with IBD relapse. CONCLUSION: skin lesions severity and IBD activity seem to determine antiTNF-IP management. Continuing antiTNF in mild antiTNF-IP, and swap to ustekinumab or switch to another antiTNF in moderate-severe cases, are suitable strategies.

Assessment of Maternal Effects and Genetic Variability in Resistance to Verticillium dahliae in Olive Progenies.

The use of genetic resistance is likely the most efficient, economically convenient and environmentally friendly control method for plant diseases, as well as a fundamental piece in an integrated management strategy. This is particularly important for woody crops affected by diseases in which mainly horizontal resistance mechanisms are operative, such as Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae. In this study, we analyzed the variability in resistance to Verticillium wilt of olive trees in progenies from five crosses: 'Picual' × 'Frantoio', 'Arbosana' × 'Koroneiki', 'Sikitita' × 'Arbosana', 'Arbosana' × 'Frantoio' and 'Arbosana' × 'Arbequina' and their respective reciprocal crosses. Additionally, seedlings of 'Picual' and 'Frantoio' in open pollination were used as controls. In October 2016 and 2018, the fruits were harvested, and seeds germinated. Six-week-old seedlings were inoculated by dipping their bare roots in a conidial suspension of V. dahliae, and disease progress in terms of symptom severity and mortality was evaluated weekly. Additionally, seedling growth was evaluated every two weeks. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences were found for any of the assessed parameters when reciprocal crosses were compared. These results suggest that there is no maternal or paternal effect in regard to the heritability of resistance. In addition, this study identifies the best crosses for obtaining the highest number of resistant genotypes, highlighting the importance of the selection of specific cultivars to optimize the breeding process.

Preferences and satisfaction of IBD patients after switching from adalimumab 40 mg weekly to 80 mg every other week given as a single injection: the ADASCAL study.

BACKGROUND: A recently registered device containing 80 mg of adalimumab (ADA) allows an alternative dose escalation regimen with ADA 80 mg every other week (EOW) given as a single subcutaneous injection instead of 40 mg every week. The ADASCAL study evaluated the preferences and satisfaction of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients after switching their ADA regimen from 40 mg weekly to 80 mg EOW given with a single-dose pen. METHODS: In this multicentre cross-sectional study, patients in whom the ADA regimen was changed from 40 mg weekly to 80 mg EOW completed the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM 1.4), a four-item questionnaire [a Likert-type 5-point scale for preferences, two closed questions for convenience and a 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess which escalated ADA regimen patients would prefer to continue] and two Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaires: the generic European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and disease-specific Spanish version of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ-9). RESULTS: In total, 77 patients (64 Crohn's disease and 13 ulcerative colitis) were included. The TSQM score showed a notably high global satisfaction [83.4, standard deviation (SD) = 14.1] of patients with ADA 80 mg EOW given with a single-dose pen, with high TSQM scores for individual components: effectiveness (77.6, SD = 16.9), convenience (83.7, SD = 14.5) and side effects (86.1, SD = 23.4). Most of the patients (74%) preferred the ADA EOW regimen (59.7% had strong preference, 14.3% slight preference). ADA EOW interferes less with daily activity (59.7%) and with travel plans (81.8%). Most patients (77%) would prefer to continue with ADA EOW (mean VAS score of 84.7, SD = 24.1, where 100 indicates a preference for ADA EOW). Patients reported high HRQoL scores on both the EQ-5D (72.3, SD = 20.1) and SIBDQ-9 (75.1, SD = 14.7). CONCLUSION: IBD patients in whom the ADA regimen was changed from 40 mg weekly to 80 mg EOW reported a higher preference for the EOW regimen and therefore most decided to continue with a single self-injection EOW.

Cutis tricolor coexistent with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: "phacomatosis achromico-melano-marmorata".

An 8-year-old mentally retarded boy had paired segmental areas of hyper- and hypopigmentation on the left side of his body in association with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) involving the trunk and the limbs, with the exception of parts of his right arm. At the age of 4 years, an aneurysmatic nodular lesion developed in the angle of his right elbow, and subsequently two similar lesions emerged on his forehead and scalp. Moreover, a dysmorphic facial appearance, scoliosis, genu valgum, talipes planus and increased laxity of joints were noted. The coexistence of paired achromic and melanotic macules in the form of "cutis tricolor" with CMTC can be categorized as an unusual example of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV). This combination differs from all other types of PPV so far known, which is why we propose the new term "phacomatosis achromico-melano-marmorata". Future clinical research may show whether analogous "simple" twin-spot phenotypes in the form of "phacomatosis melanomarmorata" or "phacomatosis achromicomarmorata" do likewise exist.

Interrelation between functional constipation and domestic violence / Inter-relação entre constipação intestinal funcional e violência doméstica

ABSTRACT Introduction: Functional disorders of the digestive system are often related to various forms of abuse and the integral approach of the problem requires a multidisciplinary network. The objectives of this research were: to evaluate the prevalence of domestic violence in adults with functional constipation and to identify the services and standards available to care for the victims. Methodology: The study was developed in two complementary parts. Part I: A cross-sectional study, which evaluated the prevalence of domestic violence in patients attended in the coloproctology outpatient clinic of the Hospital Materno-infantil Presidente Vargas, from September to December 2016. Part II: A narrative review, with bibliographical and documentary research that sought to identify the services and norms available in Brazil to assist victims of domestic violence. Results: 146 women were evaluated, 42 of whom had FC and, of these, 26 had a history of domestic violence (p = 0.007), with an Odds Ratio of 2.71 (CI95% O: 1.29-5.67). A network of services has been identified to assist victims of violence, the Network of Attention to Violence, formed by the health services, social assistance, public security, justice, human rights, and organized civil society. However, a standard system for the operation of this network has not been identified. Conclusion: The prevalence of domestic violence in women with functional constipation is high and a careful investigation of this possible interrelationship in clinical practice is suggested. Besides that, it is necessary to promote an integration of the Network of Attention to Violence, in order to offer integral care to the victims and a best utilization of the resources.

RESUMO Introdução: Os distúrbios funcionais do aparelho digestivo são frequentemente relacionados a diversas formas de abuso e a abordagem integral do problema requer uma rede multidisciplinar de cuidados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar a prevalência de violência doméstica em adultos portadores de constipação intestinal funcional e identificar os serviços e normas disponíveis para atender as vítimas. Metodologia: O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas partes complementares. Parte I: estudo transversal, que avaliou a prevalência de violência doméstica em pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de coloproctologia do Hospital Materno-infantil Presidente Vargas, de setembro a dezembro de 2016. Parte II: revisão narrativa, com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, que buscou identificar os serviços e normas disponíveis para atender vítimas de violência doméstica no Brasil. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 146 mulheres, sendo 42 portadoras de CIF e, destas, 26 tinham histórico de violência doméstica (p = 0,007), com Odds Ratio de 2,71 (IC95% OR: 1,29-5,67). Foi identificada uma rede de serviços para atender vítimas de violência, a Rede de Atenção à Violência, formada pelos serviços de saúde, assistência social, segurança pública, justiça, direitos humanos e sociedade civil organizada. Porém, não foi identificada uma norma sistematizada de funcionamento dessa rede. Conclusão: A prevalência de violência doméstica em mulheres portadoras de constipação intestinal funcional é elevada e sugere-se a investigação cuidadosa dessa possível inter-relação na prática clínica. Além disso, é necessário promover a integração da Rede de Atenção à Violência, a fim de oferecer um atendimento integral às vítimas e melhor utilização dos recursos.

Violência doméstica e constipação intestinal: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Domestic violence and constipation: an integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo Buscar evidências na literatura sobre a relação entre violência doméstica e constipação intestinal. Metodologia Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, baseada no método preconizado em seis etapas e construída conforme a metodologia PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Foram examinados artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2015 que relacionassem violência doméstica e constipação intestinal. As buscas ocorreram em setembro e outubro de 2015 nas bases de dados PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus e Web of Science. A seleção compreendeu três etapas: busca, pré-seleção e inclusão de artigos. Resultados Dos 177 artigos inicialmente identificados, foram selecionados 11. Dos 11 selecionados, sete eram quantitativos, três eram qualitativos e um era misto. Quatro enfocaram crianças e adolescentes, dois investigaram o conhecimento médico sobre a relação entre violência doméstica e constipação intestinal, um revisou distúrbios digestivos em idosos, um avaliou os resultados do biofeedback em constipados com e sem histórico de violência, um avaliou disfunção evacuatória e relacionou o resultado de defecografias com histórico de violência doméstica e dois estudos eram relatos de especialistas. Três estudos apresentaram nível de evidência 1B e grau de recomendação A. Todos os estudos detectaram relação entre violência doméstica e constipação intestinal. Conclusão Os resultados desta revisão indicam que existe correlação entre violência doméstica e constipação intestinal. É recomendável a investigação dessa relação nas práticas em saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective To search the literature for evidence of a relationship between domestic violence and constipation. Methods An integrative review was conducted using the six-step approach and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We examined articles published between 2005 and 2015 investigating the correlation between domestic violence and constipation. The search was performed in September and October of 2015 in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. The selection of articles was performed in three stages: search, pre-selection, and inclusion. Results Of 177 articles identified, 11 were included in the review. Of these 11 articles, seven were quantitative, three were qualitative, and one was mixed. Four articles focused on children and adolescents, two investigated medical knowledge regarding the relationship between domestic violence and constipation, one reviewed digestive disorders in the elderly, one evaluated the results of biofeedback for the treatment of constipated individuals with or without a history of violence, and one evaluated evacuatory disorders and correlated the result of defecography with history of domestic violence. Finally, two studies were specialist reports. Level of evidence was 1B and recommendation grade A in three studies. All studies detected a relationship between domestic violence and intestinal constipation. Conclusion The results of the present review support a correlation between domestic violence and intestinal constipation. The investigation of this relationship is recommended in clinical practice.

Programa de atención integral a la adolescente gestante / Comprehensive care program for pregnant teen / Programa abrangente cuidar adolescente grávida

El embarazo adolescente es uno de los principales problemas en la sociedad, generando alto impacto psicológico, económico y social en la joven y la familia. Su incidencia va en aumento a pesar de las campañas para disminuir su prevalencia. La captación temprana de las gestantes al control prenatalpromueve la prevención, la identificación y el control oportuno de los factores de riesgo biológico, psicológico, social y ambiental que inciden en la gestación. En este sentido se realizó un trabajo de extensión, con 95 adolescentes gestantes, durante un periodo de 11 meses, en el cual se trabajó con la adolescente, su pareja, y su familia.

Teenage pregnancy is one of the most significant problems in our society. It creates a high psychological, economical and social impact on both the young and their families. Teenage pregnancy is on the rise despite the campaigns to reduce its incidence. An early prenatal control promotes the prevention, identification, and a timely control of the risk factors that affect pregnancy, such as biological, psychological, social and environmental. Having this in mind, and extensive work was carried out. It included 95 pregnant teenagers over a period of 11 months. The work was focused on the teenager, her couple and her family.

A gravidez na adolescência é um dos principais problemas da sociedade, gerando alto impacto no desenvolvimento psicológico, econômico e social da criança e da família, a sua incidência está a aumentar, apesar das campanhas para reduzir a sua prevalência. A captação precoce das gestantes para promover prevenção, identificação atempada pré-natal e controle dos fatores de risco biológicos, psicológicos, sociais e ambientais que afetam a gravidez. Neste sentido, o trabalho de extensão realizado com 95 adolescentes grávidas por um período de 11 meses, que trabalhou com o adolescente, seu parceiro e sua família.

Incontinência anal: tratamento clínico em serviço de saúde pública de Porto Alegre, Brasil / Fecal incontinence: clinical treatment in public health service of Porto Alegre, Brazil

Introdução: Incontinência anal (IA) é a perda involuntária de fezes. Os pacientes isolam-se e não há interesse formal em atendê-los. A escolha inicial é o tratamento clínico e a maioria dos pacientes com IA melhora com estas medidas simples. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever experiência brasileira, de um serviço assistencial público, para tratamento clínico da IA. Métodos: É um estudo longitudinal, retrospectivo, desenvolvido no Ambulatório do HMIPV/Porto Alegre, no período de novembro/2011 a abril/2014, com pacientes consecutivos, acima de 12 anos de idade, primeiramente avaliados por coloproctologista e encaminhados ao gastroenterologista para tratamento clínico. Todos foram submetidos à mesma rotina de consulta médica e tratamento clínico. Foi utilizado o Índice da Escala de Graduação da Continência de Wexner, para medida objetiva da resposta ao tratamento e autoavaliação, ambas na primeira consulta e na última. Resultados: De novembro/2011 até abril/2014 foram atendidos, para tratamento clínico, quarenta e dois pacientes, com idade média de 59,0 anos e 39 (92,9%) do sexo feminino. Na última consulta 34 (80,9%) se consideraram melhores, seis (14,3%) não melhoraram (P<0,001). O Índice da Escala de Graduação da Continência de Wexner foi diferente na última consulta entre os dois grupos (P<0,001). Vinte e seis (61,9%) apresentavam incontinência urinária associada. Conclusão: O tratamento clínico inicial foi efetivo neste grupo de pacientes com IA. É a primeira descrição brasileira de tratamento clínico. Os autores sugerem a realização de mais experiências, para continuar avaliando estas medidas simples de tratamento, aprovadas internacionalmente (AU)

Introduction: Fecal incontinence (FI) is the involuntary loss of stool. Patients isolate themselves and there is no formal interest in serving them. The first choice is clinical treatment and most patients with FI improve with these simple steps. The aim of this study is to describe the Brazilian experience in a public welfare service for clinical treatment of FI. Methods: This is a longitudinal retrospective study conducted at the outpatient unit of HMIPV/Porto Alegre from Nov 2011 to Apr 2014 of consecutive patients above 12 years of age, first evaluated by a coloproctologist and then referred to a gastroenterologist for clinical treatment. All of the patients underwent the same routine medical consultation and clinical treatment. The Wexner Fecal Incontinence Score was used to objectively measure response to treatment and self-assessment, at both the first and the last visit. Results: In the studied period 42 patients ­ mean age of 59.0 years and 39 (92.9%) females ­ were clinically treated for FI. At the last visit 34 (80.9%) reported to have improved and 6 (14.3%) showed no improvement (P<0.001). Wexner Fecal Incontinence Scores were different at the last visit across the two groups (P<0.001). Twenty-six (61.9%) patients had associated urinary incontinence. Conclusion: The initial clinical treatment was effective in this group of patients with FI. This is the first Brazilian description of clinical treatment. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate these simple, internationally approved treatment measures (AU)

IFAP syndrome "plus" seizures, mental retardation, and callosal hypoplasia.

Ichthyosis follicularis, congenital alopecia, and photophobia are typical features of a rare X-linked recessive disorder termed ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia and photophobia syndrome. A 3-year-old male with these findings and severe growth failure, mental retardation, generalized seizures, vascularizing keratitis, nail anomalies, inguinal hernia, and a normal chromosome constitution is presented. Two maternal male relatives were affected by the same condition. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed corpus callosum hypoplasia not described at present. Syndromes with alopecia, seizures, and mental retardation are analyzed on the basis of genetic and clinical results.