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1.
J Dairy Sci ; 2024 Sep 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39343211

RESUMEN

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) poses significant challenges on beef and dairy farms, impacting mortality rates, animal welfare, and production efficiency. Although pulmonary ultrasonography is highly sensitive and specific for monitoring lung lesions and diagnosing BRD, its practical application could be optimized by focusing on the most commonly affected lung lobes. This study first evaluated the efficacy of focused lung ultrasonography for diagnosing BRD in calves, examining individual lung lobes and their associations versus the extensive lung scanning under various disease prevalence scenarios. Then, the relationship between individual and combined clinical respiratory signs vs lung consolidation was analyzed. In a combined analysis, 193 Holstein calves from a longitudinal study and 112 Angus calves from a cross-sectional study underwent a total of 1265 complete bilateral thoracic ultrasonographic evaluations from 1 to 6 mo of age. Then, it was assessed the agreement and sensitivity of specific lung lobe combinations compared with the findings from total lung ultrasonography. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm was used to suggest an optimal examination sequence, and logistic regression was applied to associate specific clinical signs with the presence of lung consolidation adjusting for breed and calf age. Findings reveal that the most sensitive areas are cranial (K: 0.867; Se: 84.7%) and the caudal (K: 0.433; Se: 40.3%) portions of the right cranial lobe, the caudal portion (K: 0.235; Se: 20.6%) of the left cranial lobe, and the middle lobe (K: 0.25; Se: 22%). The optimal lobe combinations for focused lung ultrasonography were identified as the right cranial lobe paired with either the left cranial lobe or the middle lobe. Focused techniques achieved sensitivity over 94% and maintained good agreement. Using these focused techniques were relatively robust to various true lung consolidation scenarios. CART analysis recommended initiating examinations with the right cranial lobe, proceeding to the left cranial lobe, and concluding with the middle lobe. While spontaneous cough was linked to pneumonia presence, reliance on a single clinical sign is not advised due to low sensitivity (26.8%) and high specificity (85.4%); it should merely prompt further ultrasound assessment. In conclusion, focused lung ultrasonography, especially utilizing the right cranial lobe in conjunction with the left cranial lobe or the middle lobe, emerged as effective strategies for focused pulmonary ultrasonography, preserving the accuracy of the results.

2.
Med Vet Entomol ; 35(4): 556-566, 2021 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34077571

RESUMEN

Dillapiole, extracted from Piper aduncum essential oil and its derivatives, has been shown to be a potential alternative to the control of Aedes aegypti, which has become resistant to synthetic insecticides. Methyl ether dillapiole (MED) and temephos (TM) were compared to complement the data on the genotoxicity and developmental changes of Ae. aegypti. Over four generations (G1 -G4 ), third stage larvae were treated with MED at 60, 80 and 100 µg/mL and TM at 0.002, 0.005 and 0.007 µg/mL for 4 h. Adult females were separated to estimate oviposition and hatching rates, and total egg length. Over the four generations, a significant reduction was recorded in oviposition and hatching rates, and in mean egg length (Tukey, P < 0.05), compared with the negative control (NC). Cytological slide preparations were done from adult oocytes and larval neuroblasts. The cumulative effects of genotoxic (bridges, budding and nuclear fragmentation) and mutagenic (micronucleus and chromosomal breakage) damage was observed in the neuroblasts and oocytes of exposed mosquitoes. Developmental changes and damage to the genome of MED-treated Ae. aegypti were greater than those caused by TM. Further studies should focus on understanding the effects of the MED molecule on Ae. aegypti.


Asunto(s)
Aedes , Insecticidas , Éteres Metílicos , Aedes/genética , Compuestos Alílicos , Animales , Daño del ADN , Dioxoles , Femenino , Insecticidas/farmacología , Larva , Éteres Metílicos/farmacología , Mutágenos/farmacología , Temefós/farmacología
3.
Eur Spine J ; 25(6): 1891-6, 2016 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26988555

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Studies have examined infection rates following spine surgery and their relationship to post-operative complications and increased length of stay. Few studies, however, have investigated predictors of infection, specifically in the setting of operative intervention for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). This study aims to identify the incidence and factors predictive of infection amongst this cohort. METHODS: This study performed a retrospective review of the prospectively collected American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients included those treated surgically for CSM (ICD-9 code 721.1) from 2010 to 2012. Patient demographics and surgical data were collected with outcome variables including the occurrence of one of the following surgical site infections (SSIs) within 30 days of index operation: superficial SSI, deep incisional SSI, and organ/space SSI. RESULTS: 3057 patients were included in this analysis. Overall infection rate was 1.15 % (35/3057), of which 54.3 % (19/35) were superficial SSIs, 28.6 % (10/35) were deep incisional SSI, and 20 % (7/35) were peri-spinal SSI. Logistic regression revealed factors associated with SSI included: higher BMI [OR 1.162 (CI 1.269-1.064), p = 0.001] and operative time ≥208 min [OR 4.769 (CI 20.220-1.125), p = 0.034]. CONCLUSIONS: The overall SSI rate for the examined CSM cohort was 1.15 %. This study identified increased BMI and operative time ≥208 min as predictors of infection in surgical CSM patients. This information should be carefully considered in delivering patient education and future efforts to optimize risk in CSM patients indicated for surgical intervention.


Asunto(s)
Vértebras Cervicales/cirugía , Espondilosis/cirugía , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tempo Operativo , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Estados Unidos/epidemiología
4.
Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg ; 42(5): 605-610, 2016 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26438088

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a standard procedure routinely performed on intensive care units. While complication rates and long-term outcomes have been studied in different patient populations, there are few studies known to these authors involving PDT in trauma patients and the complications which may result. METHODS: Between March 2007 and August 2013, all instances and peri-procedural complications during PDT occurring on the trauma intensive care unit, a unit specialized in the care of injured patients and especially polytrauma patients, were documented. PDTs were performed by a surgeon with the assistance and supervision of another, using bronchoscopic guidance performed by the respiratory medicine department. RESULTS: 289 patients were included in the study, 225 men and 64 women with a mean age of 49 ± 21 years. Complications occurred in 37.4 % of cases. The most common complication, bleeding, occurred in 26.3 % of patients ranging from little to severe bleeding. Fracture of tracheal cartilage occurred in 6 % of PDT cases. Additional complications such as dislocation of the guidewire, hypotension, and oxygen desaturation were observed. Most complications did not require treatment. The second tracheal intercartilaginous space was successfully intubated in 82 % of cases. CONCLUSIONS: PDT is a safe procedure in trauma patients. When considering the severity of complications such as major blood loss, pneumothorax, or death, this evidence suggests that PDT is safer in trauma patients compared to other patient cohorts.


Asunto(s)
Broncoscopía/métodos , Enfermedad Crítica , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Tráquea/lesiones , Traqueostomía , Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Dilatación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Seguridad del Paciente , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Traqueostomía/instrumentación , Traqueostomía/métodos , Desconexión del Ventilador
5.
Contraception ; 39(4): 409-18, 1989 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2541967

RESUMEN

The rupture time of two types of soft jelly capsules (treated and non-treated) containing Nonoxynol-9 after its vaginal insertion was investigated in 96 women. Subjects were allocated in four study groups: Group I (n = 24), women with clinical vaginal infection; Group II (n = 24), subjects without vaginal infection; Group III (n = 24), patients with vaginal infection; and Group IV (n = 24), women without vaginal infection. Groups I and II received the treated capsules, and Groups III and IV the non-treated capsules. The capsules remained in the vagina for 2.5 to 5 minutes. The weight of the capsules was measured before insertion and after their extraction. Additionally, vaginal pH and distribution of the compound were assessed. The results disclosed that in Groups I, III and IV, the capsules ruptured within 2.5 minutes, whereas in Group II the rupture did not occur until 3 minutes. The largest number of non-ruptured capsules was observed in Group II. The major capsule weight loss occurred at minute 5 in most of the groups. The conditions currently observed in cases of non-ruptured capsules were: alkaline pH, multiparity and vaginal dryness. The vaginal distribution of the compound was observed at its upper portion. In women with vaginal infections, there were more cases of rupture and a significant weight loss between the treated capsules than the non-treated capsules. Further postcoital tests are required to assess its effectiveness.


PIP: The rupture time of 2 types of soft jelly capsules (treated and non-treated) containing Nonoxynol-9 after its vaginal insertion was investigated in 96 women in Mexico. Subjects were allocated in 4 study groups: Group I (n=24), women with clinical vaginal infection; Group II (n=24), subjects without vaginal infection; Group III (n=24), patients with vaginal infection; and Group IV (n=24), women without vaginal infection. Groups I and II received the treated capsules, and Groups III and IV the non-treated capsules. The capsules remained in the vagina for 2.5 to 5 minutes. The weight of the capsules was measured before insertion and after their extraction. Additionally, vaginal ph and distribution of the compound were assessed. The results disclosed that in Groups I, III and IV, the capsules ruptured within 2.5 minutes, whereas in Group II the rupture did not occur until 3 minutes. The largest number of non-ruptured capsules was observed in Group II. The major capsule weight loss occurred at minute 5 in most of the groups. The conditions currently observed in cases of non-ruptured capsules were: alkaline ph, multiparity and vaginal dryness. The vaginal distribution of the compound was observed at its upper portion. In women with vaginal infections, there were more cases of rupture and a significant weight loss between the treated capsules than the non-treated capsules. Further postcoital tests are required to assess its effectiveness.


Asunto(s)
Polietilenglicoles , Espermicidas , Administración Intravaginal , Cápsulas , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Nonoxinol , Enfermedades Vaginales/fisiopatología
6.
Contraception ; 44(1): 61-71, 1991 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1832626

RESUMEN

To assess the effects of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) upon serum lipids and lipoproteins, a comparative study in chronic users and new acceptors was undertaken. Two groups of women of reproductive age were included in the study; group I (n = 8) was formed by new acceptors whereas, group II (n = 14) constituted DMPA users of more than five continuous years (7.0 + 2.1 years). Blood samples were taken on the day of injection and 15, 29, 57 and 92 days after the i.m. administration of 150 mg of DMPA for the measurement of total triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL) and phospholipids (PHL). In addition, the TG and CHOL content in the very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) lipoprotein fractions obtained by ultracentrifugation were also determined. The results demonstrated a moderate increase in the serum total TG concentrations at the expense of the VLDL fraction in the group of chronic DMPA users. In both groups, the administration of DMPA induced a moderate, though not significant, decrease in total CHOL and HDL-chol, an effect that was noticed at the end of the treatment interval; the serum LDL-chol content remained unchanged. In addition, a decrease in the total serum phospholipids content was noticed after DMPA injection in both groups, which resembled the fluctuations observed in the luteal phase of normal ovulating women. The overall data indicate that acute and/or chronic DMPA administration at the dose currently employed for contraception does not induce major abnormalities in lipoproteins in serum.


Asunto(s)
Anticonceptivos Femeninos/farmacología , Lípidos/sangre , Lipoproteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Medroxiprogesterona/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Medroxiprogesterona/sangre , Medroxiprogesterona/farmacología , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona
7.
Contraception ; 47(2): 177-91, 1993 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8449018

RESUMEN

A clinical trial was conducted in three centres to assess the effects of long-term use of the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on lipid metabolism. Fifty women who had used DMPA at a dose of 150 mg every three months for 3 to 9 years were recruited in Bangkok, Christchurch and Mexico City. They were compared to a control group of 120 IUD users. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total triglycerides, apolipoproteins AI, AII and B were measured throughout one injection interval. Significant findings differed between centres. Compared to their own centre controls, DMPA users in Bangkok had higher LDL-cholesterol levels; those in Christchurch had lower HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) AI and apo AI/B ratio and higher apo B levels; those in Mexico City had a lower apo AI/B ratio. Further changes were observed during the injection interval, some of which were correlated to changes in serum MPA levels. It is concluded that long-term use of DMPA induces moderate changes in lipid metabolism which are unfavourable in terms of risk for atherosclerosis. This should be borne in mind when weighing the overall risks and benefits of this contraceptive method for a potential user.


Asunto(s)
Apolipoproteínas/sangre , Anticonceptivos Femeninos/farmacología , Dispositivos Intrauterinos , Lípidos/sangre , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/farmacología , Adulto , Apolipoproteína A-I/análisis , Apolipoproteína A-II/análisis , Apolipoproteínas B/sangre , Arteriosclerosis/epidemiología , Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Anticonceptivos Femeninos/administración & dosificación , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/administración & dosificación , México/epidemiología , Nueva Zelanda/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Tailandia/epidemiología , Factores de Tiempo , Triglicéridos/sangre
8.
Arch Androl ; 25(2): 115-20, 1990.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2222075

RESUMEN

The frequency and ranges of the immature germinal cells (IGC) were established in 286 semen analyses from normozoospermic (group I), oligozoospermic (group II), and azoospermic (group III) subjects. The mean total count of IGC was greater between men from group I than between participants from groups II and III. Scd spermatids were the cells most frequently observed and the spermatogonia the most unfrequently seen. Sab and Scd spermatids were the most common cells observed in group I, whereas Scd and primary spermatocytes were the most common in group II, and Scd and secondary spermatocytes were the most common in group III. Correlation was found between sperm concentration and the IGC total count. Significant differences were not found when epithelial cell and leucocyte concentrations were compared between groups.


Asunto(s)
Semen/citología , Adolescente , Adulto , Recuento de Células , Humanos , Infertilidad Masculina/patología , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Espermatozoides/citología , Células Madre
9.
J Prosthet Dent ; 67(5): 679-82, 1992 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1527755

RESUMEN

The in vitro physical properties of two types of polydimethyl siloxane, MDX 4-4210 and a new material A-2186, were compared. The properties that were investigated in this study were tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, and surface hardness. The properties tested were selected because of their clinical significance for fabricating a facial prosthesis. According to the results obtained in this investigation, the new material, A-2186, had greater tear resistance, tensile strength, and a larger percentage of elongation. A-2186 material, also proved to be softer at the surface than the MDX 4-4210. This combination of physical properties makes this material, A-2186, a better choice than the traditional MDX 4-4210 for the fabrication of facial prostheses.


Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/química , Prótesis Maxilofacial , Elastómeros de Silicona/química , Siliconas/química , Fenómenos Químicos , Química Física , Elasticidad , Dureza , Ensayo de Materiales , Diseño de Prótesis , Estrés Mecánico , Propiedades de Superficie , Resistencia a la Tracción
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