RESUMEN
We describe the phenotype of 22 male patients (20 probands) carrying a hemizygous missense variant in MED12. The phenotypic spectrum is very broad ranging from nonspecific intellectual disability (ID) to the three well-known syndromes: Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome, Lujan-Fryns syndrome, or Ohdo syndrome. The identified variants were randomly distributed throughout the gene (p = 0.993, χ2 test), but mostly outside the functional domains (p = 0.004; χ2 test). Statistical analyses did not show a correlation between the MED12-related phenotypes and the locations of the variants (p = 0.295; Pearson correlation), nor the protein domain involved (p = 0.422; Pearson correlation). In conclusion, establishing a genotype-phenotype correlation in MED12-related diseases remains challenging. Therefore, we think that patients with a causative MED12 variant are currently underdiagnosed due to the broad patients' clinical presentations.
Asunto(s)
Blefarofimosis , Discapacidad Intelectual , Discapacidad Intelectual Ligada al Cromosoma X , Masculino , Humanos , Complejo Mediador/genética , Discapacidad Intelectual Ligada al Cromosoma X/genética , Discapacidad Intelectual/diagnóstico , Discapacidad Intelectual/genética , Blefarofimosis/genética , Mutación Missense/genética , Fenotipo , SíndromeRESUMEN
MOTIVATION: Network visualizations of complex biological datasets usually result in 'hairball' images, which do not discriminate network modules. RESULTS: We present the EntOptLayout Cytoscape plug-in based on a recently developed network representation theory. The plug-in provides an efficient visualization of network modules, which represent major protein complexes in protein-protein interaction and signalling networks. Importantly, the tool gives a quality score of the network visualization by calculating the information loss between the input data and the visual representation showing a 3- to 25-fold improvement over conventional methods. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The plug-in (running on Windows, Linux, or Mac OS) and its tutorial (both in written and video forms) can be downloaded freely under the terms of the MIT license from: http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/entoptlayout. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.