COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among People Living with HIV: Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aims to estimate the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among people living with HIV (PLWHA). A search for observational studies was conducted in five databases and preprinted literature. Summary estimates were pooled using a random effects model and meta-regression. Of 150 identified studies, 31 were eligible (18,550 PLWHA). The weighted prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy overall was 29.07% among PLWHA (95%CI = 24.33-34.32; I² = 98%,) and that of vaccine acceptance was 68.66% (95%CI = 62.25-74.43; I² = 98%). Higher hesitancy prevalence was identified in low/lower-middle income countries (35.05; 95% CI = 19.38-54.78). The heterogeneity was explained by the risk of bias, region, and year of data collection. The findings conclude that the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate remains high, especially in low-income countries. Evidence-informed interventions aimed at increasing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance at the national and individual levels ought to be designed to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among PLWHA.

Evaluation of the effect of alpha-tocopherol on anxiety and the neuroinflammatory process during alcohol withdrawal in a model of forced and chronic self-administration of liquid diet containing ethanol: Behavioral and neurochemical evidence.

Alcoholism affects about 2 billion people worldwide. Withdrawal causes a neuroinflammatory response that increases anxiety. α-tocopherol is the most important antioxidant that has its in vivo action currently known. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol on the neuroinflammatory process in brain regions involved in anxiety and its anxiolytic potential during alcohol withdrawal. For this, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and submitted to a procedure of forced and chronic self-administration of liquid diet containing 6% and 8% ethanol for 15 days, followed by abrupt interruption of treatment. Animals in the control group received the liquid diet without ethanol. Twenty-four or 48 h after ethanol discontinuation, and 30 min after the last administration of α-tocopherol or saline, animals were evaluated in the elevated plus maze, light/dark box, and open field tests. At the end of the tests, each experimental group underwent brain tissue collection for analysis of cytokine levels. The results showed that: alcohol induces the neuroinflammatory process and anxiety; the stress generated by withdrawal can induce oxidative stress, which alters the production of inflammatory cytokines in the amygdaloid nuclei (AN) and medial hypothalamic nucleus (mHN); α-tocopherol exhibited anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory activity, attenuating the anxious behavior of abstinent animals and reducing neuroinflammation in AN and mHN; and the intensity of the anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory effect of α-tocopherol is dose-dependent. These results identify α-tocopherol as a potential therapeutic target supporting the fight against relapse during alcohol withdrawal.

A formação construtivista de educandos de farmácia na gestão do sus: abordagens e contribuições para ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem / The constructive education of pharmacy students in sus management: approaches and contributions to virtual learning environments / La formación constructiva de educandos de farmacia en la gestión del sus: enfoques y contribuciones en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje

A educação construtivista é uma excelente alternativa para direcionar uma formação farmacêutica com as competências necessárias para atuar no âmbito da gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a vivência do ambiente virtual como ferramenta de formação construtivista em saúde. Trata-se da experiência entre educador e educandos do curso de farmácia, com uso de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem baseadas no construtivismo. Em busca dessa construção, foi utilizado o webfólio como ferramenta de formação construtivista na disciplina práticas em saúde coletiva II: gestão. Assim, a proposta de utilização desse método é fundamentada à luz da obra de Paulo Freire em simbiose com Manoel de Barros. O processo de aprendizagem com a construção do webfólio e viagem educacional permitiu refletir sobre a realidade da nossa sociedade e a formação de agentes transformadores para gestão do SUS. Assim, os educandos foram empoderados e sensibilizados a seguir com o compromisso de reproduzir a corresponsabilidade no âmbito profissional, buscando a qualidade do atendimento com vistas à integralidade da assistência ao cuidado. A utilização dessas ferramentas foi assertiva por estimular uma formação por competências, interdisciplinaridade, interprofissionalidade, além de permitir nos maravilharmos com novas experimentações por meio de uma sociedade que muda permanentemente.

Constructivist education is an excellent alternative to direct pharmaceutical training with the necessary skills to act within the scope of the Unified Health System (SUS) management. This article reports the experience of virtual environments as a tool for constructivist education in health, namely the experience between educator and Pharmacy students with use of active teaching-learning methodologies based on constructivism. A webfólio was used as a tool for constructivist training in the discipline Practices in Collective Health II: Management. Thus, the theoretical framework is based on the work of Paulo Freire and Manoel de Barros. The learning process with the construction of the webfólio and educational trip allowed to reflect on the reality of our society and the formation of transforming agents for SUS management. Thus, the students were empowered and sensitized to follow the commitment to reproduce co-responsibility in professional settings, seeking the quality of care while aiming for the integrality of care. The use of these tools was assertive as it stimulated education based on competences, interdisciplinarity, interprofessionality, in addition to allowing us to marvel at new experiments through a society that changes permanently.

La educación constructivista es una excelente alternativa para brindar la formación farmacéutica con las competencias necesarias para actuar en el ámbito de la gestión del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Este artículo tiene como objetivo relatar la vivencia del ambiente virtual como una herramienta de formación constructivista en salud. Esta es la experiencia entre educador y alumnos del curso de Farmacia con el uso de metodologías activas de enseñanza-aprendizaje basadas en el constructivismo. Para esa construcción se utilizó el webfólio como herramienta de formación constructivista en la disciplina Prácticas en Salud Colectiva II: Gestión. Así la propuesta de utilización de este método está fundamentada bajo la luz de la obra de Paulo Freire en simbiosis con Manoel de Barros. El proceso de aprendizaje con la construcción del webfólio y el viaje educativo permitió reflexionar sobre la realidad de nuestra sociedad y la formación de agentes transformadores para la gestión del SUS. Los estudiantes fueron empoderados y sensibilizados a seguir con el compromiso de reproducir la corresponsabilidad en el ámbito profesional, buscando la calidad de la atención para la integralidad de la asistencia al cuidado. La utilización de esas herramientas permitió estimular una formación por competencias, interdisciplinaridad, interprofesionalidad, además de sorprendernos con nuevas experiencias en una sociedad que cambia permanentemente.