One Health Economics: why and how economics should take on the interdisciplinary challenges of a promising public health paradigm.

In this perspective paper, we argue that Economics could and should contribute to the development and implementation of the One Health approach currently emerging as a relevant interdisciplinary framework to address present and future infectious diseases. We show how proven tools from Health and Environmental Economics, such as burden evaluation, can be extended to fit the One Health multisectoral perspective. This global health framework could also benefit significantly from Economics to design efficient schemes for prevention and disease control. In return, adapting Economics to the challenges of One Health issues could pave the way for exciting developments in the Economics discipline itself, across many subfields.

Functional benefit of CRISPR-Cas9-induced allele deletion for RYR1 dominant mutation.

More than 700 pathogenic or probably pathogenic variations have been identified in the RYR1 gene causing various myopathies collectively known as "RYR1-related myopathies." There is no treatment for these myopathies, and gene therapy stands out as one of the most promising approaches. In the context of a dominant form of central core disease due to a RYR1 mutation, we aimed at showing the functional benefit of inactivating specifically the mutated RYR1 allele by guiding CRISPR-Cas9 cleavages onto frequent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) segregating on the same chromosome. Whole-genome sequencing was used to pinpoint SNPs localized on the mutant RYR1 allele and identified specific CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs. Lentiviruses encoding these guide RNAs and the SpCas9 nuclease were used to transduce immortalized patient myoblasts, inducing the specific deletion of the mutant RYR1 allele. The efficiency of the deletion was assessed at DNA and RNA levels, and at the functional level after monitoring calcium release induced by the stimulation of the RyR1-channel. This study provides in cellulo proof of concept regarding the benefits of mutant RYR1 allele deletion, in the case of a dominant RYR1 mutation, from both a molecular and functional perspective, and could apply potentially to 20% of all patients with a RYR1 mutation.