Short term clinical outcomes of Everolimus-eluting stents in patients with stable angina pectoris.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Everolimus-eluting stents, compared with bare metal stents, reduced the risk of restenosis in clinical trials with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The objective of this study was to determine the three months clinical outcomes of Everolimus Eluting Stents in patients with stable angina pectoris in Pakistani population. METHODS: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study and the data was collected from Catheterization Laboratory Cardiology Department Lady Readings Hospital Peshawar. Our study included all the patients with stable coronary artery disease who had received Everolimus eluting stents from August, 2013, to April, 2014. Total study duration was 09 months. The primary end points were the rate of target vessel revascularization, myocardial infarction at three months. All those patients who received Everolimus coronary stents were recalled after three months from the index procedure and enquired about target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction and hospitalization over the last three months. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. RESULTS: Our study included 378 patients with stable ischemic heart disease who underwent revascularization with Everolimus eluting stent. These patients were followed up for a period of 3 months for target vessel revascularization(TVR) and myocardial infarction(MI). Mean age was 57.04±9.307, males were (72%). Left Anterior Descending (LAD) and Left circumflex (LCx) were the predominant vessels vascularized. Mean length of Everolimus eluting stent was 21.91± 4.6 while mean diameter of stent was 2.90±0.248. Thirteen (3.4%) patients had TVR and 14 (3.7%) patients had MI during three months follow up after PCI. TVR and MI were prevalent in patients who received longer Everolimus stents as compared to those who received shorter stents at three months, and the difference between the two was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Short-term results from this study suggest that real-world outcomes among 378 patients are comparable to those reported in other registries and trials, and safety outcomes as measured by rates of TVR, MI were low. The long-term safety of Everolimus-eluting stents needs to be ascertained in large, randomized trials.

Nonfasting Apo-lipoprotein B and Triglyceride levels as a predictor of coronary heart disease in Type II diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Lipoprotein-A has been recognized as a risk factor for ischemic heart diseases. Myocardial infarction (MI) is common complication of ischemic heart disease. Diabetes play an incremental role in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), however still there are conflicting data regarding the relationship of Lipoprotein-B and MI. We therefore wanted to evaluate the relationship of Lipo-B, MI and diabetes mellitus. Our objective was to determine the non-fasting Apo-lipoprotein B and triglycerides level among type II diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease and to compare with type II diabetic without ischemic heart disease. METHODS: This was cross sectional study where two groups of patients were recruited in the study, Group-I included patient with Ischemic Heart Disease and diabetes while Group-II comprised of diabetes without Ischemic Heart Disease. Age, sex and basic demographic matching was done between the two groups. Data were collected using random sample. The comparative approach was used to see the role of diabetes in the elevation of Apo-lipoprotein B level, which is a risk factor for Ischemic heart diseases. RESULTS: Two hundred forty eight patients (Cases: 123 Diabetic with myocardial infarction and (Control: 125 Diabetic without myocardial infarction) were included in the study. Mean Apo-B among diabetic patients with myocardial infarction was high (68.3±24.23 ng/ml) compared to non-cardiac patients (49.97±33.880 ng/ml) with a p <0.000. Marked difference was also observed in triglycerides levels where it was found very high (301.4±55.1 mg/dL) in patients of diabetes with myocardial infarction as compared to subjects without MI (137.7±84.7 mg/dL). There was positive correlation between Apo-lipoprotein and Triglycerides (P value=039). CONCLUSION: Based on the study result it was concluded that Apo-lipoprotein and triglycerides in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction, had higher levels compared to diabetic patients without Myocardial infarction and this could be a consequence of increase in age, insulin resistance and deficiency of insulin in the body. We also found positive correlation between Apo-lipoprotein and Triglycerides.

Frequency of acute kidney injury and its short-term effects after acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the frequency of acute kidney injury and its short-term effects after acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the cardiology department of Lady Reading Hospital's Postgraduate Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan, from January to June 2016, and comprised acute myocardial infarction patients. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 207 patients, 154(74.7%) were male and 53(25.6%) were female. The overall mean age was 59.09±8.6 years. At admission, the mean baseline creatinine was 0.97±0.23, the mean glomerular filtration rate was 83.30±25.4 mL/min, and 30(14.4%) patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate<60 mL/min. Moreover, 43(20.7%) patients developed acute kidney injury. Post-myocardial infarction in-hospital complications were higher in patients with acute kidney injury (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In-hospital, short-term effects including acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock and arrhythmias were higher in acute kidney injury patients after acute myocardial infarction.

Impact of stent length and diameter on short term clinical outcomes of drug eluting stents in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The risk of restenosis and other adverse cardiovascular events with bare-metal stents have increased with smaller stent diameters and longer stent lengths. However, the exact impact of stent size on the short-term outcomes of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantations has not been much classified in Pakistani population. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of size (length and diameter) of Drug Eluting Stents on Clinical outcomes in patient with stable coronary artery disease at three months of implantation in Pakistani Population. METHODS: This is a prospective study which was carried out in the Department of Cardiology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from April 2011 and July 2012. All consecutive patients with stable coronary disease undergoing Percutaneous Intervention (PCI) with DES implantation at Cardiology Unit Lady Reading Hospital, were included prospectively. Clinical outcomes (Myocardial infarction [MI], unstable angina[UA], and positive ETT) at three months stratified by 3 tertiles of stent length and diameter each, were measured in patients who underwent PCI with DES for coronary artery lesions. All patients were followed and reassessed after three months from the index procedure. Exercise Tolerance Test(ETT) was performed on every patient and recorded on proforma. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: A total of 376 patients were included prospectively in this study. The mean age was 57±9.313 years. Male patients were 271(72.1%). Mean length of drug eluting stent was 27.313±7.235 mm while mean diameter of stent was 2.90±0.2483mm. There were slightly higher rates of MI, U.A and positive ETT in the longest stent length tertile(>28mm) compared with the shortest stent length tertile (<22mm) at three months, but they were statistically not significant. We also observed that for DES, there was no clear relationship between stent diameter and outcome for any of the clinical outcome variables. CONCLUSION: In our single-center prospective study, stent length and diameter defined in tertiles, had no impact on the short-term clinical outcomes of DES in patients with stable coronary artery disease.